Article
Chemistry, Physical
Song Yi Back, Jae Hyun Yun, Hyunyong Cho, Gareoung Kim, Jong-Soo Rhyee
Summary: In this study, the thermal conductivity of BST was significantly reduced by mixing MgO and VO2 nanoparticles, leading to enhanced thermoelectric performance.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sima Aminorroaya Yamini, Rafael Santos, Raphael Fortulan, Azdiar A. Gazder, Abhishek Malhotra, Daryoosh Vashaee, Illia Serhiienko, Takao Mori
Summary: Bismuth telluride-based alloys have the highest efficiencies among thermoelectric materials for low-temperature applications. To improve the efficiency of n-type Bi2Te3-based materials, we fabricated multiphase pseudobinary Bi2Te3-Bi2S3 compounds, which exhibited higher power factor and lower thermal conductivity compared to single-phase alloys. This alternative alloy design enhances the performance of thermoelectric materials.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sima Aminorroaya Yamini, Rafael Santos, Raphael Fortulan, Azdiar A. Gazder, Abhishek Malhotra, Daryoosh Vashaee, Illia Serhiienko, Takao Mori
Summary: Bismuth telluride-based alloys are the most efficient thermoelectric materials for low-temperature applications. To improve the efficiency of n-type Bi2Te3-based materials, we fabricated multiphase pseudobinary Bi2Te3-Bi2S3 compounds to take advantage of phonon scattering and energy filtering at interfaces. The energy barrier at the interface resulted in higher Seebeck coefficient and power factor, combined with low thermal conductivity achieved through phonon scattering, leading to a significantly higher thermoelectric figure of merit compared to single-phase alloys.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Farah M. El-Makaty, K. Andre Mkhoyan, Khaled M. Youssef
Summary: This study investigated the effects of graphene's structural integrity on the thermoelectric properties of n type bismuth telluride alloy. The addition of graphene during the last phase of mechanical milling was found to enhance electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Additionally, an improvement in the figure-of-merit was observed when 0.05 wt% graphene was added in the last 10 mins of milling.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Cham Kim, David Humberto Lopez
Summary: In this study, a bulk-structured composite was prepared by blending the abundant conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS with Bi2Te3. The composite exhibited improved power factor due to energy filtering effects at the interface and lower thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering effects. The electrical and thermal properties were decoupled, resulting in significantly enhanced figure of merits compared to pristine Bi2Te3.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chenglong Xiong, Fanfan Shi, Hongxiang Wang, Jianfeng Cai, Simao Zhao, Xiaojian Tan, Haoyang Hu, Guoqiang Liu, Jacques G. Noudem, Jun Jiang
Summary: The hot-stacked deformation technique effectively improved the thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te2.79Se0.21 materials by maintaining high grain alignment, optimizing carrier concentration, and suppressing lattice thermal conductivity due to dense grain boundaries and dislocations, resulting in a significantly higher zT value.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhuang-Hao Zheng, Xiao-Lei Shi, Dong-Wei Ao, Wei-Di Liu, Meng Li, Liang-Zhi Kou, Yue-Xing Chen, Fu Li, Meng Wei, Guang-Xing Liang, Ping Fan, Gao Qing (Max) Lu, Zhi-Gang Chen
Summary: Flexible thermoelectric materials with high performance and flexibility show potential for converting waste heat into useful electricity. The textured structure design of Bi2Te3 thin films provides high thermoelectric performance and withstands 2,000 bending tests, demonstrating excellent flexibility. A flexible device assembled from 40 pairs of thin films exhibits outstanding output power density under temperature gradient, indicating its potential application in harvesting thermal energy from the environment or human bodies.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Minsu Kim, Dabin Park, Jooheon Kim
Summary: Carbon cloth was used as a flexible substrate to synthesize bismuth telluride particles with added selenium for improved thermoelectric performance. The maximum power factor reached 1300 mu W/mK(2) for the 30% Se-doped sample, demonstrating the potential of carbon cloth substrate for low temperature range applications.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qihao Zhang, Kangfa Deng, Lennart Wilkens, Heiko Reith, Kornelius Nielsch
Summary: This review examines the development of micro-thermoelectric devices, exploring progress in device design, integration, and performance, as well as the potential applications of the technology in cooling, power generation, and sensing. These devices offer faster response time, higher resolution, and greater power density compared to their commercial counterparts, making them crucial for highly integrated electronic devices, the Internet of Things, and flexible and wearable technology.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinmeng Li, Tian Xu, Zheng Ma, Wang Li, Yongxin Qian, Yang Tao, Yinchao Wei, Qinghui Jiang, Yubo Luo, Junyou Yang
Summary: A new hybrid hydrogel thermoelectric material PAAc/XG/Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 was prepared by in situ polymerization method, which exhibits high stretchable and self-healable performance, as well as good thermoelectric performance. The sample with Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 content of 1.5 wt% shows a room temperature Seebeck coefficient of -0.45 mV K-1, and demonstrates an open-circuit voltage of -17.91 mV and output power of 38.1 nW at a temperature difference of 40 K. The hybrid thermoelectric hydrogel can automatically recover its electrical characteristics within 2.0 s after being completely cut off, and the healed hydrogel retains over 99% of its initial power output. Such stretchable and self-healable hybrid hydrogel thermoelectric materials show promising potential for application in dynamic service conditions, such as wearable electronics.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenjie Huang, Xiaojian Tan, Jianfeng Cai, Shuai Zhuang, Chuandong Zhou, Jiehua Wu, Guoqiang Liu, Bo Liang, Jun Jiang
Summary: In this study, the thermoelectric performance of zone-melted n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 material is significantly improved by co-doping with BiI3 and SnSb2Te4. BiI3, a non-toxic and non-hygroscopic electron dopant, effectively enhances the power factor and partially suppresses the bipolar effect of n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3. SnSb2Te4 doping introduces new scattering centers, resulting in a relatively low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.72 W m(-1) K-1 at 300 K. As a result, a maximum ZT value of 1.30 at 325 K and an average ZT value of 1.00 in the temperature range of 300-500 K are achieved in the Bi2Te2.Se-7(0.3) + 0.15 wt% BiI3 + 0.15 wt% SnSb2Te4 sample. This work provides a feasible approach to effectively improve the thermoelectric performance of n-type zone-melted Bi2Te3.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masataka Hase, Daiki Tanisawa, Kaito Kohashi, Raichi Kamemura, Shugo Miyake, Masayuki Takashiri
Summary: The phonon and electron transport properties of Si single crystals were investigated, and their relationship with the phonon-drag effect was clarified. Phonons with a long mean free path and low frequency increase the Seebeck coefficient via the phonon-drag effect, which is crucial in designing thermoelectric materials with enhanced performance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dabin Park, Seonmin Lee, Jooheon Kim
Summary: A thermoelectric composite was synthesized using a 3D printer, increasing the thermoelectric properties of the resin with the addition of AS filler. The maximum power factor and figure of merit were achieved at 30 wt.% AS, showing enhanced performance in thermoelectric applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peyala Dharmaiah, Kap-Ho Lee, Sung Ho Song, Hyoung Seop Kim, Soon-Jik Hong
Summary: The addition of Zn4Sb3 alloy into a Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 matrix to form ZnTe nanophase has been shown to enhance electrical conductivity and reduce thermal conductivity, leading to a 17 % increase in power factor and 25 % reduction in lattice thermal conductivity at 350 K. This results in an improved ZT value of 1.35 at 350 K, which is 26 % higher than the Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 matrix. Additionally, the maximum conversion efficiency of 8.74 % at Delta T = 200 K for BST/2 wt% Zn4Sb3 composites is 25 % higher than that of a bare BST sample.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hua-Lu Zhuang, Haihua Hu, Jun Pei, Bin Su, Jing-Wei Li, Yilin Jiang, Zhanran Han, Jing-Feng Li
Summary: This study successfully improved the thermoelectric performance of (Bi,Sb)2Te3-based alloys by incorporating BiI3 and Zn as dopants. BiI3 introduced nanoscale pores that reduced thermal conductivity, while Zn improved electrical conductivity and prevented deterioration. The modulation of thermal and electrical transport properties significantly improved the ZT value.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nguyen Van Du, Jamil Ur Rahman, Pham Thanh Huy, Weon Ho Shin, Won-Seon Seo, Myong Ho Kim, Soonil Lee
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Woon Ik Park, Yun Kyung Jung, YongJoo Kim, Weon Ho Shin, Young Joong Choi, Tae Wan Park, Jung Ho Shin, Young Hun Jeong, Jeong Ho Cho, Hyo-Soon Shin, Se-Hun Kwon, Yeon Sik Jung, Kwang Ho Kim
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ui Gyeong Hwang, Kyomin Kim, Woochul Kim, Weon Ho Shin, Won-Seon Seo, Young Soo Lim
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hyun-jun Cho, Weon Ho Shin, Sung-sil Choo, Ji-il Kim, Joonyeon Yoo, Sang-il Kim
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kyu Hyoung Lee, Weon Ho Shin, Hyun-Sik Kim, Kimoon Lee, Jong Wook Roh, Joonyeon Yoo, Ji-il Kim, Sung Wng Kim, Sang-il Kim
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junsu Lee, Kyunghan Ahn, Kiwon Kim, Hongil Jo, Jeong Seop Yoon, Dohyun Moon, Weon Ho Shin, Kang Min Ok, Tae-Soo You
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
(2019)
Article
Optics
Yan-Qing Hong, Won-Ho Shin, Sang-Kook Han
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weon Ho Shin, Hyun-Sik Kim, Se Yun Kim, Sung-sil Choo, Seok-won Hong, Yeseong Oh, Yerim Yang, Yoona Kim, Hee Jung Park, Sang-il Kim
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Woo Hyeong Sim, Seyun Kim, Weon Ho Shin, Hyung Mo Jeong
KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hiesang Sohn, Weon Ho Shin, Dohyeong Seok, Taek Lee, Chulhwan Park, Jong-Min Oh, Se Yun Kim, Anusorn Seubsai
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Myeong-Cheol Shin, Young-Jae Lee, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Seung-Woo Jung, Michael A. Schweitz, Weon Ho Shin, Jong-Min Oh, Chulhwan Park, Sang-Mo Koo
Summary: In this study, static induction transistors (SITs) with beta gallium oxide (beta-Ga2O3) channels were grown on a p-epi silicon carbide (SiC) layer via radio frequency sputtering. The Ga2O3 films were treated with UV/ozone, producing reduced oxygen vacancies, lower surface roughness and resistivity, and higher mobility. The UV/O-3-treated SITs exhibited significantly higher drain current and on/off ratio compared to non-treated control devices.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yihyang Kim, Hyeunseok Choi, Weon Ho Shin, Jong-Min Oh, Sang-Mo Koo, Younghun Kim, Taek Lee, Byung Jo Yu, Chulhwan Park
Summary: Heavy metals from factory wastewater can contaminate water sources, fish, and crops, posing a risk to human health. A novel approach using a whole-cell biosensor in Escherichia coli was developed to detect copper, cadmium, and mercury, with visual analysis allowing for quick identification of these heavy metals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jemin Son, Kang Hyun Lee, Taek Lee, Hyun Soo Kim, Weon Ho Shin, Jong-Min Oh, Sang-Mo Koo, Byung Jo Yu, Hah Young Yoo, Chulhwan Park
Summary: Biorefineries have gained attention as an alternative to the petroleum industry for achieving sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions. This study focused on improving the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) from lignocellulose and optimizing the culture conditions. The results showed that BC production can be enhanced using statistical optimization of culture parameters, and lignocellulose can be a potential feedstock for BC production processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Da-Eun Hyun, Jwa-Bin Jeon, Yeon-Sook Lee, Yong-Nam Kim, Minkyung Kim, Seunghoon Ko, Sang-Mo Koo, Weon Ho Shin, Chulhwan Park, Dong-Won Lee, Jong-Min Oh
Summary: This study successfully fabricated a large-area mullite-cordierite composite substrate for use in probe cards and investigated the effects of composition ratio and sintering temperature on its performance. The results showed that a combination of 70% mullite and 30% cordierite sintered at 1350℃ performed exceptionally well.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Woo Hyun Nam, Hyung Mo Jeong, Jong-Hyeong Lim, Jong-Min Oh, Hiesang Sohn, Won-Seon Seo, Jung Young Cho, Weon Ho Shin
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Zamora, T. Bautista, N. S. Portillo-Velez, A. Reyes-Montero, H. Pfeiffer, F. Sanchez-Ochoa, H. A. Lara-Garcia
Summary: Experimental and DFT studies were conducted on the structural, magnetic, and optical properties of RFeO3 perovskites. The perovskites exhibited an orthorhombic crystal structure and weak ferromagnetic behavior. They were confirmed to be semiconductors with a bandgap of approximately 2.1 eV.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xianxiang Lv, Jing Jin, Weiguang Yang
Summary: By depositing TiN and TiO2 surface layers on AlSi films, the electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes can be significantly improved, suppressing volume expansion and promoting the formation of a stable SEI layer.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sharafat Ali, Haider Ali, Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar, Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Zahid, Ahmed Ismail, Pir Muhammad Ismail, Amir Zada, Imran Khan, Huahai Shen, Rizwan Ullah, Habib Khan, Mohamed Bououdina, Xiaoqiang Wu, Fazal Raziq, Liang Qiao
Summary: The construction and optimization of redox-heterojunctions using a bifunctional phosphate as an electron-bridge demonstrated significant improvements in photo catalytic activity, including enhanced dispersion, reduced interfacial migration resistance, and increased abundance of active-sites.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ren-Ni Luan, Na Xu, Chao-Ran Li, Zhi-Jie Zhang, Yu-Sheng Zhang, Jun Nan, Shu-Tao Wang, Yong-Ming Chai, Bin Dong
Summary: Extensive research has revealed that oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline conditions involves dynamic surface restructuring. The development and design of sulfide/oxide pre-catalysts can reasonably adjust the composition and structure after surface reconstruction, which is crucial for OER. This study utilized a simple two-step hydrothermal method to achieve in situ S leaching and doping, inducing the composition change and structure reconstruction of CoFe oxides. The transformed FeOOH and CoOOH exhibited excellent OER activity and could be easily mass-produced using low-cost iron based materials and simple methods.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jun'an Lai, Daofu Wu, Peng He, Kang An, Yijia Wang, Peng Feng, WeiWei Chen, Zixian Wang, Linfeng Guo, Xiaosheng Tang
Summary: Zero-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halides (OMHs) are gaining attention in the fabrication of light-emitting diodes due to their broad emission band and high photoluminescence quantum yield. This work synthesized a zero-dimensional organic tetraphenylphosphonium bismuth chloride (TBC) that showed efficient blue light emission, with the emission mechanism attributed to the transition of Bi3+ ions. White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) were fabricated using TBC, along with green-emitting and red-emitting single crystals, achieving single-component white emissions. These findings demonstrate the different emission mechanism of ns2 ions-based OMHs and highlight the potential of bismuth-based OMHs in WLEDs applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xuewei Liang, Yunhai Su, Taisen Yang, Zhiyong Dai, Yingdi Wang, Xingping Yong
Summary: The revolutionary design concept of high-entropy alloys has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of advanced metal materials. In this work, AlCrCuFe2NiTix high-entropy flux cored wires were prepared by combining the design idea of a high-entropy alloy with the characteristics of flux cored wire. AlCr-CuFe2NiTix high-entropy surfacing alloys were prepared using gas metal arc welding technology. The wear properties of the alloys were analyzed, and the phase composition, microstructure, strengthening mechanism, and wear mechanism were discussed. The results show that the alloys exhibit a dendritic microstructure with BCC/B2 + FCC phases. Increasing Ti content leads to the precipitation of Laves phase. The alloys show improved microhardness and wear resistance due to the precipitation of coherent B2 and Laves phases. However, excessive Ti addition results in the increase of Laves phase and reduced wear resistance of the alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Vadivel, M. Senthil Pandian, P. Ramasamy, Qiang Jing, Bo Liu
Summary: This work presents the enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance of g-C3N4 assisted PAA on CoFe2O4 ternary nanocomposites. The incorporation of PAA and g-C3N4 improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, resulting in superior photocatalytic degradation and high specific capacitance values.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vibhu T. Sivanandan, Ramany Revathy, Arun S. Prasad
Summary: In this study, pure and doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel auto-combustion method with the aid of lemon juice as eco-fuel. The crystal structure, lattice parameter, crystallite size, microstrain, optical parameters, and room temperature magnetic properties of the samples were analyzed. The effect of doping on the magnetic properties was also investigated.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qing Guo, Bowen Zhang, Benzhe Sun, Yang Qi
Summary: This study prepared ZnO films with various nonpolar preferred orientations using conventional chemical bath deposition method and characterized their growth process and mechanism. It was found that the type and concentration of nitrate could control the preferred orientation and surface roughness of ZnO films. Additionally, ZnO films with different preferred orientations exhibited different optical properties.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chong Zhang, Yan Liu, Zhaoyan Wang, Hang Yang
Summary: In this study, six bimetallic FeCo particles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method at different Fe:Co ratios. The Fe:Co ratio not only modulates the composition of the particles but also influences their structure and magnetic properties. The FeCo alloys showed a transformation from an Fe-based structure to a Co-based structure with increasing Co content. The Fe:Co ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 resulted in particles with the highest and lowest saturation magnetization, respectively.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianning Zhang, Jing Li, Yiren Wang, Xiaodong Mao, Yong Jiang
Summary: We conducted a study on the formation of ultra-fine Y-Ti-Ta-O nano-oxides in Ta+B micro-alloyed 13CrWTi-ODS alloys using electron microscopy and first-principles calculations. The Y-Ti-Ta-O nano-oxides were found to be mainly Y2(Ti,Ta)2O7, with an average size of 7 nm and a number density of 6.8 x 1023 m-3. Excess boron was found to enhance the adhesion of some low-sigma grain boundaries but weaken the Fe/Y2Ti2O7 interface, while excess tantalum enhanced the Fe/Y2Ti2O7 interface but caused serious degradation of grain boundaries.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yirong Fang, Pei Cheng, Hang Yuan, Hao Zhao, Lishu Zhang
Summary: A new composite system of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide and black phosphorus quantum dots has been developed for tumor therapy, showing improved electrochemical properties and stability. The system generates hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical to effectively kill tumor cells.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiufang Qin, Yuanli Ma, Hui Zhang, Ting Zhang, Fang Wang, Xiaohong Xu
Summary: The structure and magnetism of cobalt ferrites after Mn2+-Tb3+ co-doping were studied. Co-doped samples exhibited cubic spinel structure and spherical shape of ferrite nanoparticles. The redistribution of Co2+ and Fe3+ ions between octahedral and tetrahedral sites was observed due to Mn2+-Tb3+ co-doping. The coercivity and magnetization saturation of co-doped samples were significantly improved, leading to a maximum energy product that is 190% higher than that of the un-doped sample.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ho Yeon Lee, Wonjong Yu, Yoon Ho Lee
Summary: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in developing ultra-fine nanostructured electrodes with extensive reaction areas to enhance the performance and low-temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells. The use of a refined approach involving co-sputtering metal alloys and oxide targets has demonstrated the feasibility of nano-columnar structures in perovskite-based electrodes, expanding the temperature range of thin film electrodes. This study systematically examines the effects of chamber pressure control in the co-sputtering process and identifies the intricate relationship between sputtering pressure and film structure. By fine-tuning the columnar growth in the electrode, significant improvements in performance and thermo-mechanical properties were achieved, resulting in high-performance all-sputtered solid oxide fuel cells.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qianyun Bai, Xiaoxiao Yan, Da Liu, Kang Xiang, Xin Tu, Yanhui Guo, Renbing Wu
Summary: This study proposes a simple method to develop a non-precious transition metal-based electrocatalyst with high catalytic activity and robustness for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The as-synthesized electrode exhibits a low overpotential and high current density, indicating its potential in energy conversion.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)