Review
Oncology
Xiaoyun He, Gaoyan Kuang, Yongrong Wu, Chunlin Ou
Summary: Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells and can carry various cargo including RNA, DNA, proteins, and metabolites. Studies have shown that exosomal microRNAs play a crucial role in the progression of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, affecting processes like pancreatic beta-cell injury and insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in diabetes mellitus can provide valuable insights for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jung Eun Yoo, Dahye Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sang Youl Rhee, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
Summary: The study found that there is an association between diabetes status and the development of tuberculosis. Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis compared to those without diabetes, and the risk of tuberculosis increases with longer duration of diabetes.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jingqian Su, Lu Tang, Yingsheng Luo, Jingran Xu, Songying Ouyang
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure and function of INSR and IRS proteins, as well as the drugs used for the treatment of diabetes. It serves as a valuable reference for the advancement of novel therapeutic agents for diabetes management.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Milad Ashrafizadeh, Alan Prem Kumar, Amir Reza Aref, Ali Zarrabi, Ebrahim Mostafavi
Summary: Exosomes have great potential in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, as they can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, ameliorate apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells, and influence insulin resistance/sensitivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Xiaofang Jiang, Boyu Sun, Zheng Zhou
Summary: This review introduces the molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus (DM), and summarizes the preclinical studies of bioactive natural products that exert antidiabetic effects by modulating the gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
F. Frost, M. J. Walshaw, D. Nazareth
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common life-threatening inherited condition in the Caucasian population, with pulmonary disease being the main contributor to morbidity. While life expectancy has improved, new challenges have arisen, with an increasing prevalence of CF-related diabetes being a significant issue.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Zheng Zhou, Bao Sun, Dongsheng Yu, Chunsheng Zhu
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic disease, is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Remodeling the gut microbiota may be a potential strategy for treating T2DM and its complications.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shaza B. Zaghlool, Anna Halama, Nisha Stephan, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Vilmundur Gudnason, Lori L. Jennings, Manonanthini Thangam, Emma Ahlqvist, Rayaz A. Malik, Omar M. E. Albagha, Karsten Suhre, Abdul Badi Abou-Samra
Summary: This study translates T2D subtypes previously identified in European individuals to an Arab population and identifies specific metabolic and proteomic signatures for each subtype, providing further understanding of the pathogenesis of these subtypes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna Mehlich, Marek Bolanowski, Dawid Mehlich, Przemyslaw Witek
Summary: Cushing's disease is a severe endocrine disorder caused by the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary adenoma, resulting in chronic hypercortisolism. This hormone excess affects glucose homeostasis, leading to various degrees of glucose intolerance, including impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and Diabetes Mellitus. While surgery is the most effective treatment for controlling cortisol levels and glucose metabolism, a significant number of patients require additional therapies due to persistent or recurrent disease. Medical therapies have shown clinical efficacy in managing Cushing's disease, with potential effects on glucose metabolism. Further studies are needed to determine optimal management strategies for patients with glucose intolerance or diabetes. In this article, we discuss the pathophysiology of impaired glucose metabolism and review the clinical efficacy of medical therapies for Cushing's disease, particularly their effects on glucose homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lowell Dilworth, Aldeam Facey, Felix Omoruyi
Summary: Adipose tissues, particularly brown and white adipose tissues, play key roles in communication and insulin sensitivity in the development and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Adipocytokines produced by adipose tissues, like leptin and adiponectin, vary in conditions such as metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, and inflammation. The regulation of satiety, energy metabolism, and insulin release by adipose tissues indicates their significance in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jia-Shang Li, Tao Ji, Shu-Lan Su, Yue Zhu, Xing-Ling Chen, Er-Xin Shang, Sheng Guo, Da-Wei Qian, Jin-Ao Duan
Summary: Alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves have been shown to significantly lower blood glucose and lipid levels by regulating glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, while compounds like 1-DNJ and QG exhibit strong antidiabetic effects through various mechanisms in different cell types.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruizhen Li, Wen Wu, Chunxia Cheng, Jiajing Liu, Xinli Liu, Chunmei Mi, Mailian Long
Summary: This study investigated the role of STAT3 in modulating insulin resistance in gestational diabetes. The results showed that STAT3 inhibition could suppress trophoblast cell damage and insulin resistance by downregulating LITAF expression.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Faraz Alizadeh, Amanda O'Halloran, Areej Alghamdi, Charlotte Chen, Maria Trissal, Avram Traum, Danielle DeCourcey
Summary: This is a novel case of a 16-month-old boy with a rare combination of prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, pachygyria, agenesis of the corpus callosum, postnatal embolic stroke, new-onset diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and atypical hemolytic syndrome (aHUS). The patient showed remarkable insulin resistance before aHUS diagnosis, which improved after eculizumab therapy, suggesting a potential connection between COVID-19 and complement-mediated microangiopathic thrombotic disease. Whole-exome sequencing did not reveal a clear etiology for aHUS, indicating that this could be a case of COVID-19-triggered aHUS rather than an idiopathic one unmasked by the infection.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Modzelewski, Magdalena Maria Stefanowicz-Rutkowska, Wojciech Matuszewski, Elzbieta Maria Bandurska-Stankiewicz
Summary: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common medical complication in pregnancy, affecting approximately 15% of pregnancies worldwide. It increases the risk of complications and may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in both the mother and infant. The increasing incidence of GDM also poses a significant economic burden.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaoyu Chen, Hongyuan Zhao, Fanqiang Meng, Libang Zhou, Zhaoxin Lu, Yingjian Lu
Summary: This study found that surfactin can improve liver function and intestinal dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes mice, increase antioxidant activity, and reduce fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. It also improves liver glucose metabolism and detoxification function by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings suggest that surfactin plays an important role in improving type 2 diabetes.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ana F. Pina, Maria Joao Meneses, Ines Sousa-Lima, Roberto Henriques, Joao F. Raposo, Maria Paula Macedo
Summary: This review examines the relationship between cluster analysis and T2D and highlights the complexity and heterogeneity of diabetes. It proposes an integrative model for understanding individual pathology. To achieve precision medicine and prevent complications, more factors such as etiological factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and environmental factors should be considered.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Joao Meneses, Rita Susana Patarrao, Tomas Pinheiro, Ines Coelho, Nuno Carrico, Ana Carolina Marques, Artur Romao, Joao Nabais, Elvira Fortunato, Joao Filipe Raposo, Maria Paula Macedo
Summary: Diabetes is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, and besides glycemia and glycated hemoglobin, the evaluation of other biochemical parameters is necessary for better diagnosis and management. Indexes of insulin secretion, sensitivity/resistance, and metabolism have been developed to provide a more comprehensive view of individual metabolic states. New technologies, such as sensors and software applications, have the potential to improve diabetes diagnosis and management, empowering patients and simplifying disease management.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana C. C. Nunes, Joao C. Ribeiro, Marco G. G. Alves, Pedro F. F. Oliveira, Raquel L. L. Bernardino
Summary: Infertility is a growing problem globally, and there is a misconception that it is mostly caused by females. However, literature suggests that infertility has an equal contribution from both sexes. Testosterone, a male sex hormone, plays a significant role in male infertility. Hypogonadism, characterized by changes in testosterone levels, is a common cause of male infertility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Rosalia Sa, Luis Ferraz, Alberto Barros, Mario Sousa
Summary: Klinefelter syndrome is a common chromosomal sexual anomaly with symptoms including tall stature, small testicles, small penis, feminine body proportions and hair, obesity, and testicular failure. It can also lead to endocrine, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, autoimmune disorders, cancer, neurocognitive disabilities, and infertility. The retrieval of spermatozoa from the testicles for assisted reproduction treatments is discussed, and the low risk of passing on the genetic defect to children is mentioned.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eduarda Milheiro Tinoco, Ana Rita Gigante, Edite Ferreira, Ines Sanches, Rute Pereira, Rosalia Sa, Regina Monteiro, Mario Sousa, Ivone Pascoal
Summary: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary condition that affects the clearance of the airways and fertility. This study examined the clinical and pathological features of Portuguese PCD patients, as well as their genetic variants. The results showed that genetic testing is crucial for confirming diagnosis and managing the disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David F. Carrageta, Lais Freire-Brito, Barbara Guerra-Carvalho, Joao C. Ribeiro, Bruno S. Monteiro, Alberto Barros, Pedro F. Oliveira, Mariana P. Monteiro, Marco G. Alves
Summary: UCPs play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial activity and ROS production. The expression and function of UCPs in human spermatozoa have been investigated, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of male infertility.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joao Monteiro, Clive A. Marks, Patricia C. Braga, Raquel L. Bernardino, Marco G. Alves, Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha, Arnaldo Videira, Filipe Pereira
Summary: Fluoroacetic acid (FAA) is a commonly used poison for controlling invasive species. Despite its long history as a pesticide, there is currently no effective treatment for accidental poisoning. Research shows that FAA affects mitochondrial function and leads to cell death.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Ana D. Martins, Joao C. Ribeiro, Rita Ferreira, Marco G. Alves, Pedro F. Oliveira
Summary: The decline in male fertility with advancing age remains a mystery and requires further research. This article provides an overview of the changes in testicular proteome during the aging process and discusses the key proteins and pathways involved in spermatogenic impairment.
EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Filipa G. Mateus, Silvia Moreira, Ana D. Martins, Pedro F. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves, Maria de Lourdes Pereira
Summary: L-Carnitine, a natural antioxidant, supports male reproductive health by improving sperm quality and fertility.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Carla Luis, Barbara Guerra-Carvalho, Patricia C. Braga, Carla Guedes, Emilia Patricio, Marco G. Alves, Ruben Fernandes, Raquel Soares
Summary: The present study aims to investigate the impact of adipose tissue on metabolic impairment in breast cancer molecular subtypes. By exposing breast cancer cell lines representing different molecular subtypes to mature adipocyte secretome, distinct metabolic patterns were observed, with HER2+ cell lines showing similar metabolism compared to luminal A and triple negative cell lines, indicating molecular subtype-specific alterations in central metabolism.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Silviana Ribeiro, Mario Sousa
Summary: The development of assisted reproductive technology has made it possible for infertile couples, especially infertile men, to conceive through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). However, the success of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) and ICSI can be influenced by various factors. This review analyzed the impact of female age, ovarian reserve, male age, and male factor on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI, aiming to determine their practical applicability. The findings suggest that higher female age and alterations in ovarian markers are associated with poorer outcomes, while the predictive value of male age and male factor remains inconclusive and requires further investigation.
JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE REPRODUCAO ASSISTIDA
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mariana Santos-Pereira, Sara C. Pereira, Irene Rebelo, Maria A. Spadella, Pedro F. Oliveira, Marco G. Alves
Summary: Obesity has become a pressing concern in public health, with a rising prevalence of metabolic disorders. Obesity affects hormone regulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and may be associated with the development of prostate cancer.