Article
Microbiology
Mohammed K. Hankir, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Rebecca Springer, Annett Hoffmann, Joerg Vogel, Florian Seyfried, Tulika Arora
Summary: This study found that RYGB surgery alters the composition of the gut microbiota in obese rats and identified a specific unidentified Erysipelotrichaceae species that is linked to improved glycemic control in RYGB-treated rats. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments demonstrated that the improved glycemic control in RYGB-treated rats can be transferred to germfree mice. Furthermore, supplementing RYGB recipient mice with L. muris, a member of the Erysipelotrichaceae family, further improved glycemic control. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota contributes to weight loss-independent improvements in glycemic control after RYGB.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rachel M. Speer, Idoia Meaza, Jennifer H. Toyoda, Yuan Lu, Qian Xu, Ronald B. Walter, Maiying Kong, Haiyan Lu, J. Calvin Kouokam, John Pierce Wise
Summary: Hexavalent chromium is a global environmental pollutant and human lung carcinogen. This study evaluated the global changes in miRNA expression in human lung cells after exposure to particulate Cr(VI) and found that miRNAs may play a key role in pathways of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexios Batrakoulis, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Dimitrios Draganidis, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Athanasios Poulios, Niki Syrou, Chariklia K. Deli, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Symeon Tournis, Ioannis G. Fatouros
Summary: The study found that a 5-month high-intensity hybrid-type neuromuscular training program had positive effects on cardiometabolic health and antioxidant status in inactive overweight and obese women, offering a time-efficient exercise approach.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tummas Ternhamar, Andreas Moller, Christoffer Martinussen, Maria S. Svane, Morten Hindso, Nils B. Jorgensen, Carsten Dirksen, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Bente Kiens, Sten Madsbad, Kirstine N. Bojsen-Moller
Summary: Moderate intensity cycling shortly after meal intake does not increase the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. A low glycemic index meal increases nadir glucose and reduces glucose excursions compared with a high glycemic index meal. Participants who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery had lower postexercise glucagon responses compared with controls.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kimberly W. Y. Mak, Wenyuan He, Neruja Loganathan, Denise D. Belsham
Summary: This study identified the first hypothalamic miRNA that directly targets the 3' UTR of mouse Npy, highlighting the involvement of miRNAs in the NPY system and providing an alternative target for control of NPY levels.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David C. C. Nieman, Ashraf M. M. Omar, Colin D. D. Kay, Deepak M. M. Kasote, Camila A. A. Sakaguchi, Ankhbayar Lkhagva, Mehari Muuz Weldemariam, Qibin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated whether the ingestion of nutrient-dense almonds for 4 weeks could mitigate post-exercise inflammation, muscle soreness, and damage. The results showed that compared to the cereal bar group, the almond group had lower levels of post-exercise fatigue and tension, higher levels of leg-back strength, and lower levels of serum creatine kinase. Almond intake also altered the levels of plasma oxylipin metabolites and gut-derived phenolics.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Miaomiao Gou, Niansong Qian, Yong Zhang, Lihui Wei, Qihuang Fan, Zhikuan Wang, Guanghai Dai
Summary: This study developed and validated a prognostic nomogram to predict the outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients who received immunotherapy. The nomogram showed good predictive accuracy and could be useful in clinical decision-making for MGC patients under anti-PD-1 therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Cheng Zhang, Jing Yang, Yang Chen, Fangli Jiang, Haiyan Liao, Xiang Liu, Yuan Wang, Guanyi Kong, Xiaotian Zhang, Jian Li, Jing Gao, Lin Shen
Summary: This study investigated biomarkers for organo-tropic metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) from the perspective of small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived miRNAs. The expression profiles of sEV-miRNAs varied greatly across different metastatic patterns, and signatures were constructed to characterize and predict organo-tropic metastasis. The study also explored the impact of these biomarker miRNAs on GC's in vitro motility and discussed their potential involvement in cancer-related biological processes and pathways.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kohei Fujimori, Toshiki Yoneda, Takaaki Tomofuji, Daisuke Ekuni, Tetsuji Azuma, Takayuki Maruyama, Yoshio Sugiura, Manabu Morita
Summary: Salivary miRNAs such as hsa-miR-5571-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-99a-5p, hsa-miR-28-5p, and hsa-miR-320d were found to be associated with periodontitis progression, potentially serving as new biomarkers for diagnosis and precision medicine of periodontitis. Monitoring these miRNAs could contribute to improved diagnostics and personalized treatment of periodontitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sha Huang, Yang Guo, Zhong-Wu Li, Guanghou Shui, He Tian, Bo-Wen Li, Gaohaer Kadeerhan, Zhe-Xuan Li, Xue Li, Yang Zhang, Tong Zhou, Wei-Cheng You, Kai-Feng Pan, Wen-Qing Li
Summary: This study investigated the role of metabolic deregulation in the development of gastric cancer and identified specific metabolites associated with gastric lesion progression and early gastric cancer risk. Integrating these metabolites into prediction models significantly improved the performance in predicting the progression of gastric lesions and the risk of early gastric cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shantanu Gupta, Pritam Kumar Panda, Wei Luo, Ronaldo F. Hashimoto, Rajeev Ahuja
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time that lncRNA GAS5 positively regulates miR-34c expression in gastric cancer through a specific signaling pathway by targeting E2F1. The study also reveals that lncRNA GAS5 can independently inhibit gastric cancer proliferation through the ATM/p38 MAPK signaling pathway without the involvement of p53.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sandra Franco, Daniela Buccione, Cristina Tural, Miguel Angel Martinez
Summary: This study found that specific miRNAs in plasma may be associated with liver injury in patients with HIV-1 infections. A signature of seven miRNAs was identified to be highly correlated with liver fibrosis progression. Two miRNAs, 100-5p and 192-5p, showed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting liver fibrosis progression.
Article
Surgery
Paul Garin, Lucie Favre, Nathalie Vionnet, Johanna Frantz, Chin B. Eap, Frederik Vandenberghe
Summary: This study describes the change in plasma antidepressant concentrations before and after RYGB, finding a decrease in concentrations after the surgery. Monitoring drug levels and psychiatric symptoms before and after RYGB can help optimize antidepressant treatment after bariatric surgery.
Article
Surgery
Danyal Fer, Bokai Zhang, Rami Abukhalil, Varun Goel, Bharti Goel, Jocelyn Barker, Bindu Kalesan, Irene Barragan, Mary Lynn Gaddis, Pablo Garcia Kilroy
Summary: A model was developed to automatically label the steps of RYGB and compared its performance with surgeons. The AI algorithm was found to be more accurate than surgeons in recognizing certain landmarks, which has the potential to improve surgical training and assess the learning curves of surgeons.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cecilia Legare, Veronique Desgagne, Cedrik Poirier, Kathrine Thibeault, Frederique White, Andree-Anne Clement, Michelle S. Scott, Pierre-etienne Jacques, Patrice Perron, Renee Guerin, Marie-France Hivert, Luigi Bouchard
Summary: This study identified plasma miRNAs in early pregnancy that can predict IS in late pregnancy, potentially contributing to IS adaptation through regulation of lipid metabolism.
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andrea M. Brennan, Robert A. Standley, Steven J. Anthony, Kory E. Grench, Nicole L. Helbling, James P. DeLany, Heather H. Cornnell, Fanchao Yi, Maja Stefanovic-Racic, Frederico G. S. Toledo, Paul M. Coen, Elvis A. Carnero, Bret H. Goodpaster
Summary: Exercise with weight loss improves insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, and body composition in older obese adults. It also reduces ectopic fat and preserves lean mass and strength. However, weight loss alone may lead to decreased lean mass and strength. Therefore, regular exercise is important for older adults aiming to lose weight in order to achieve cardiometabolic and functional benefits that may not occur with calorie restriction-induced weight loss alone.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aliza B. Rubenstein, J. Matthew Hinkley, Venugopalan D. Nair, German Nudelman, Robert A. Standley, Fanchao Yi, GongXin Yu, Todd A. Trappe, Marcas M. Bamman, Scott W. Trappe, Lauren M. Sparks, Bret H. Goodpaster, Rick B. Vega, Stuart C. Sealfon, Elena Zaslavsky, Paul M. Coen
Summary: Regular endurance exercise can mitigate age-related declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function in older adults. This study examined the transcriptional response to acute endurance exercise in active/endurance-trained and sedentary older adults. Transcript signatures related to oxidative capacity and immune cells were found to be associated with different phenotypic features. The acute response signatures were largely similar among groups, suggesting the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on muscle health in older adults.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Shelby Giza, Jorge A. Mojica-Santiago, Maddalena Parafati, Legrand K. Malany, Don Platt, Christine E. Schmidt, Paul M. Coen, Siobhan Malany
Summary: Microphysiological systems (MPS) incorporating 3D skeletal myobundles are used to study new medical treatments for sarcopenia. In this study, myobundles derived from young, active individuals showed better response to electrical stimulation and increased hypertrophic potential compared to myobundles derived from older sedentary individuals. This research provides a disease model and experimental platform for studying the effects of electrical stimulation on muscle aging and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of new drugs for sarcopenia.
Review
Oncology
Alix G. Sleight, Sylvia L. Crowder, Jacek Skarbinski, Paul Coen, Nathan H. Parker, Aasha Hoogland, Brian D. Gonzalez, Mary C. Playdon, Steven Cole, Jennifer Ose, Yuichi Murayama, Erin M. Siegel, Jane C. Figueiredo, Heather S. L. Jim
Summary: Fatigue presents a major challenge for cancer survivors, and our current understanding of its causes and treatment options is limited. This paper proposes a comprehensive model, the 3P factors model, which combines metabolomics, the microbiome, inflammation, and behavioral science to better understand the pathophysiology of cancer-related fatigue. The complex biological, clinical, demographic, and lifestyle mechanisms underlying fatigue hinder the development of new treatments. The application of the 3P model may provide a more in-depth analysis of the etiology of cancer-related fatigue and improve personalized approaches to its clinical treatment.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yury O. Nunez Lopez, Anton Iliuk, Anna Casu, Amay Parikh, Joshua S. Smith, Karen Corbin, Daniel Lupu, Richard E. Pratley
Summary: Recent studies indicate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19. However, the connection between COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in relation to EVs has not been explored. This study examined the proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of circulating EVs in hospitalized patients with and without T2D, who had either COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 acute respiratory illness (RSP). Differential expression of certain proteins and phosphoproteins was observed, with a central cluster of immunomodulatory and coagulation proteins (C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC) identified in both COVID-19 and T2D networks. The study also revealed the involvement of cellular kinases and EV-shuttled kinases in severe COVID-19, particularly in patients with comorbid diabetes.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Attila A. Seyhan, Claudio Carini
Summary: Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer treatment, many patients, including those with melanoma, do not benefit long-term from these therapies. There is a need for predictive biomarkers to identify patients who will respond to targeted treatments. Genomic correlations with response and resistance to ICI are being studied to enhance patient outcomes. Emerging genomic signatures, such as neoantigens, antigen presentation, DNA repair, and oncogenic pathways, may play a role in ICI response. Understanding the genomic factors influencing response to ICI will aid in the development of novel biomarkers and strategies to overcome resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex C. C. Soupir, Yijun Tian, Paul A. A. Stewart, Yury O. O. Nunez-Lopez, Brandon J. J. Manley, Bruna Pellini, Amanda M. M. Bloomer, Jingsong Zhang, Qianxing Mo, Douglas C. C. Marchion, Min Liu, John M. M. Koomen, Erin M. M. Siegel, Liang Wang
Summary: Circulating exosomes in the blood can be used as biomarkers for cancer. This study evaluated the effects of different methods of isolating plasma exosomes on the detection of multi-omic profiles in patients with lung cancer, prostate cancer, and healthy controls. The results showed that different isolation methods enriched distinct exosome cargos, and the size exclusion method captured the most diverse exosome populations. These findings suggest that the choice of isolation method can significantly impact cancer biomarker discovery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Theresa Mau, Li-Yung Lui, Giovanna Distefano, Philip A. Kramer, Sofhia Ramos, Frederico G. S. Toledo, Adam J. Santanasto, Eric G. Shankland, David J. Marcinek, Michael J. Jurczak, Ian Sipula, Fiona M. Bello, Kate A. Duchowny, Anthony J. A. Molina, Lauren M. Sparks, Bret H. Goodpaster, Russell T. Hepple, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Anne B. Newman, Peggy M. Cawthon, Steven R. Cummings, Paul M. Coen
Summary: This study found that mitochondrial energetics in aging muscle are closely associated with leg power and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. Higher muscle mitochondrial energetics are related to better cardiorespiratory fitness and greater leg power.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
J. Matthew Hinkley, Gong Xin Yu, Robert A. Standley, Giovanna Distefano, Vladimir Tolstikov, Niven R. Narain, Bennett P. Greenwood, Shraddha Karmacharya, Michael A. Kiebish, Elvis Alvarez Carnero, Fanchao Yi, Rick B. Vega, Bret H. Goodpaster, Stephen J. Gardell, Paul M. Coen
Summary: Age and physical activity have different effects on muscle metabolites, with higher levels of kynurenine metabolites in older adults' muscles and higher levels of kynurenic acid and NAD(+) metabolites in active adults' muscles, which are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle oxidative capacity. Additionally, elevated levels of acylcarnitines in muscles of physically active individuals may indicate impaired metabolic health. Surprisingly, acute endurance exercise induces similar changes in whole-body substrate utilization, muscle acylcarnitines, and ketone bodies, regardless of activity levels.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Steven R. Cummings, Anne B. Newman, Paul M. Coen, Russell T. Hepple, Robin Collins, Kimberly Kennedy, Michelle Danielson, Kathy Peters, Terri Blackwell, Eileen Johnson, Theresa Mau, Eric G. Shankland, Li-Yung Lui, Sheena Patel, Dani Young, Nancy W. Glynn, Elsa S. Strotmeyer, Karyn A. Esser, David J. Marcinek, Bret H. Goodpaster, Stephen Kritchevsky, Peggy M. Cawthon
Summary: The SOMMA study aims to understand the biological basis of aging and mobility decline by collecting data, tissues, and images. The multidisciplinary team includes clinical centers, a biorepository, and a coordinating center. Participants are followed with regular exams and various assessments. The study will lay the foundation for discoveries in the biology of human aging and mobility.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Tumpa Dutta, Nidhi Kapoor, Meril Mathew, Suban S. Chakraborty, Nathan P. Ward, Nicolas Prieto-Farigua, Aimee Falzone, James P. DeLany, Steven R. Smith, Paul M. Coen, Gina M. DeNicola, Stephen J. Gardell
Summary: The metabolic routing of Nicotinamide (NAM) to NAD+ or 1-methylnicotinamide (MeNAM) has significant implications for human health and aging. Through stable isotope tracing, it was found that 2H4-NAM acts as a precursor to NAD+ in cultured cells and human PBMCs, as well as in A549 cell xenografts and PBMCs from 2H4-NAM-dosed mice and humans. However, 2H4-NAM acts as a precursor to MeNAM only in A549 cell cultures and xenografts, not in isolated PBMCs. This research provides valuable insights into the regulation of NAD+ and MeNAM synthesis across different biological systems.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Attila A. Seyhan
Summary: There is an urgent need for robust and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to specific treatments in aggressive and deadly cancers, such as pancreatic cancer. Liquid biopsy-based miRNA profiling shows potential for fulfilling this need. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have emerged as potential diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander G. Raufi, Michael S. May, Matthew J. Hadfield, Attila A. Seyhan, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with late detection and high recurrence rate. Liquid biopsies represent an emerging group of technologies that can help with diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response prediction, and recurrence detection. Although not yet approved for routine use, the increasing sensitivity and specificity of contemporary liquid biopsy platforms will likely change clinical practice in the near future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Alex C. Soupir, Paul A. Stewart, Yury Nunez Lopez, Brandon J. Manley, Bruna Pellini, Jingsong Zhang, Qianxing Mo, Douglas C. Marchion, Min Lui, John M. Koomen, Erin M. Siegel, Liang Wang
Article
Physiology
Kaleen M. Lavin, Paul M. Coen, Liliana C. Baptista, Margaret B. Bell, Devin Drummer, Sara A. Harper, Manoel E. Lixandrao, Jeremy S. McAdam, Samia M. O'Bryan, Sofhia Ramos, Lisa M. Roberts, Rick B. Vega, Bret H. Goodpaster, Marcas M. Bamman, Thomas W. Buford
Summary: Regular exercise has been recognized for centuries as a powerful stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore the healthy functioning of almost every physiological system in the human body. With advancing understanding of human physiology, evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly urgent public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has become more interdisciplinary and impactful.
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)