期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 18, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020351
关键词
central nervous system (CNS) tumors; blood-brain-barrier; convection-enhanced delivery; theranostics
资金
- The Alex Lemonade Stand Foundation
- McKenna Claire Foundation
- Cheering for Caitlin Ian's Friends Foundation
- Olivia Boccuzzi Foundation
- Cristian Rivera Foundation
- Christian Koehler Foundation
- Fly a Kite Foundation
- Children's Brain Tumor Family Foundation
- Samuel Jeffers Childhood Cancer Foundation
- Randi and Larry Cohen Family Foundation
- Jewish Communal Fund
- Solving Kids' Cancer Foundation
Thanks to the recent advances in the development of chemotherapeutics, the morbidity and mortality of many cancers has decreased significantly. However, compared to oncology in general, the field of neuro-oncology has lagged behind. While new molecularly targeted chemotherapeutics have emerged, the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) renders systemic delivery of these clinical agents suboptimal. To circumvent the BBB, novel routes of administration are being applied in the clinic, ranging from intra-arterial infusion and direct infusion into the target tissue (convection enhanced delivery (CED)) to the use of focused ultrasound to temporarily disrupt the BBB. However, the current system depends on a wait-and-see approach, whereby drug delivery is deemed successful only when a specific clinical outcome is observed. The shortcomings of this approach are evident, as a failed delivery that needs immediate refinement cannot be observed and corrected. In response to this problem, new theranostic agents, compounds with both imaging and therapeutic potential, are being developed, paving the way for improved and monitored delivery to central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. In this review, we focus on the advances and the challenges to improve early cancer detection, selection of targeted therapy, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, brought forth by the development of these new agents.
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