Article
Microbiology
Fayez Alghofaili, Hastyar Najmuldeen, Banaz O. Kareem, Bushra Shlla, Vitor E. Fernandes, Morten Danielsen, Julian M. Ketley, Primrose Freestone, Hasan Yesilkaya
Summary: This study uncovered the host signal triggering the transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a commensal to a parasitic state as catecholamine stress hormones. Stress hormone treatment of this microbe results in reduced cell size and capsule synthesis, enhancing its ability to migrate from the nasopharynx into the lungs. The microbe requires the TCS09 protein for recognition and processing of stress hormone signals.
Article
Microbiology
Charlie Higgs, Lamali Sadeesh Kumar, Kerrie Stevens, Janet Strachan, Tony Korman, Kristy Horan, Diane Daniel, Madeline Russell, Christopher A. Mcdevitt, Norelle L. Sherry, Timothy P. Stinear, Benjamin P. Howden, Claire L. Gorrie
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, and non-invasive isolates may serve as a source of invasive isolates and reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. By comparing the genomes and antibiotic resistance profiles of invasive and non-invasive isolates, we found that non-invasive isolates exhibited higher levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics and certain sub-populations with high levels of AMR were overrepresented in the non-invasive population.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Stephanie Hirschmann, Alejandro Gomez-Mejia, Thomas P. Kohler, Franziska Voss, Manfred Rohde, Max Brendel, Sven Hammerschmidt
Summary: The two-component regulatory system 09 of Streptococcus pneumoniae plays a role in oxidative stress resistance and capsule expression, impacting cell wall integrity. Deletion of components of TCS09 affects bacterial growth under different carbon sources. TCS09 does not have a significant impact on bacterial morphology or interaction with host cells.
Article
Microbiology
Yapeng Zhang, Jinghui Zhang, Jiangming Xiao, Hanyi Wang, Rui Yang, Xinlin Guo, Yuqiang Zheng, Yibing Yin, Xuemei Zhang
Summary: Natural transformation is important for the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The study identifies a transcriptional regulator called CcpA that directly regulates comCDE transcription, thereby participating in natural transformation process and being regulated by carbon source signals.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lifeng Li, Jiayue Ma, Ping Cheng, Mingchao Li, Zengyuan Yu, Xiaorui Song, Zhidan Yu, Huiqing Sun, Wancun Zhang, Zhaobao Wang
Summary: In this review, the composition and regulation mechanisms of two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) in Klebsiella pneumoniae were analyzed. The important roles of TCSs in the regulation of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and stress responses were summarized. However, further studies are required to understand the function and regulation mechanism of some TCSs in K. pneumoniae.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kristina L. Bajema, Ryan Gierke, Monica M. Farley, William Schaffner, Ann Thomas, Arthur L. Reingold, Lee H. Harrison, Ruth Lynfield, Kari E. Burzlaff, Susan Petit, Meghan Barnes, Salina Torres, Paula M. Snippes Vagnone, Bernard Beall, Tamara Pilishvili
Summary: The incidence of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (NS-IPD) has decreased in the United States after the introduction of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). However, there has been an increase in nonvaccine type NS-IPD, particularly among older adults. The use of higher valency PCVs containing the common nonsusceptible serotypes could help further reduce NS-IPD.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
M. Ammar Zafar, Alicia Costa-Terryl, Taylor M. Young
Summary: The ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae to sense and respond quickly to the changing environment of the upper respiratory tract allows it to thrive as a pathogen. Two-component systems play a crucial role in this adaptation process. They have been found to promote pneumococcal colonization and virulence in the upper respiratory tract.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Takashi Ono, Masahiro Watanabe, Koichi Hashimoto, Yohei Kume, Mina Chishiki, Hisao Okabe, Masatoki Sato, Sakurako Norito, Bin Chang, Mitsuaki Hosoya
Summary: The increase in non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and their multidrug resistance has become a problem. Investigating S. pneumoniae serotypes and drug resistance in a rural hospital in Japan, it was found that non-vaccine serotypes significantly increased in children and adults, while drug-resistant isolates did not increase overall. However, an increase in drug-resistant serotypes 15A and 35B was observed in children.
Article
Immunology
Moe Takemura, Masaya Yamaguchi, Momoko Kobayashi, Tomoko Sumitomo, Yujiro Hirose, Daisuke Okuzaki, Masayuki Ono, Daisuke Motooka, Kana Goto, Masanobu Nakata, Narikazu Uzawa, Shigetada Kawabata
Summary: The gene bgaA in Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified as a multifunctional virulence factor that affects glycan metabolism, bacterial adherence, and resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing. Deletion of bgaA reduces bacterial association with human cells and enhances neutrophil-mediated killing in human blood. In a mouse sepsis model, the absence of bgaA leads to increased host immune response, suppressed tissue damage, and blood coagulation. Therefore, BgaA could be a potential target for drug design and vaccine development against pneumococcal infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jiaqi D. Zhu, Annie Abruzzo, Cindy N. Wu, Gavyn Chern Wei Bee, Alejandro A. Pironti, Gregory Putzel, Surya A. Aggarwal, Hannes Eichner, Jeffrey A. Weiser
Summary: This study investigates the impact of capsule thickness on host-pathogen interactions using genetically-modified strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results show that a sufficiently thick capsule can protect the organism from recognition by host factors and benefit both invasive infection and colonization. Additionally, the study finds substantial variability in capsule thickness among different clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabeth Reithuber, Torbjorn Wixe, Kevin C. Ludwig, Anna Muller, Hanna Uvell, Fabian Grein, Anders E. G. Lindgren, Sandra Muschiol, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Anna Eriksson, Tanja Schneider, Staffan Normark, Birgitta Henriques-Normark, Fredrik Almqvist, Peter Mellroth
Summary: The compound class comprising a 1-amino substituted tetrahydrocarbazole (THCz) scaffold inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting undecaprenyl pyrophosphate-containing lipid intermediates, displaying bactericidal activity against a broad range of gram-positive and selected gram-negative pathogens in low micromolar range. The ease of synthesizing and modifying THCz, compared to natural lipid II-binding antibiotics, makes it a promising scaffold for the development of cell wall-targeting antimicrobials.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yu-Wen Tseng, Chun-Chi Chang, Yung-Chi Chang
Summary: The study reveals a novel virulence role of NanA in pneumococcal pathogenesis, as NanA exaggerates inflammation by impairing the Siglec-5-TLR-2 interaction and reducing recruitment of SHP-1 in infected macrophages. This dysregulated crosstalk results in excessive inflammation and cytotoxicity.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kelly Sackett, Paul Brown, Kaushik Dutta, Ingrid L. Scully, Seema Gangolli, Kelvin Looi, Sandeep Nemani, Angela Yeou Hsiung Yu, Mark Kleven, Jin Xie, Justin Moran, Michael W. Pride, Annaliesa S. Anderson, Jason Lotvin
Summary: The implementation of conjugate vaccine technology has improved the effectiveness of immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides. A new sugar component was discovered in serotype 12F of Streptococcus pneumoniae, but its contribution to vaccine-induced immunity was not clear. However, studies have shown that current vaccines can still effectively induce immune responses regardless of the levels of this sugar component.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gulsen Hascelik, Guner Soyletir, Zeynep Gulay, Banu Sancak, Akgun Yaman, Nezahat Gurler, Sabire Sohret Aydemir, Gulcin Bayramoglu, Faruk Aydin, Yesim Cekin, Asuman Birinci, Cuneyt Ozakin, Nezahat Akpolat, Betil Ozhak Baysan, Meral Gultekin, Yasemin Zer, Laser Sanal, Cigdem Arabaci, Yasemin Ay Altintop, Candan Ozturk, Mehmet Ceyhan
Summary: This study evaluated the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal infections in adults. The results showed that the current PCV13 vaccine might not provide sufficient coverage, and there was a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance. The findings suggest the need to expand the serotype coverage of vaccines and to continue surveillance in pneumococcal diseases.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alex R. Schuurman, Tom D. Y. Reijnders, Tjitske S. R. van Engelen, Valentine Leopold, Justin de Brabander, Christine van Linge, Michiel Schinkel, Liza Pereverzeva, Bastiaan W. Haak, Xanthe Brands, Maadrika M. N. P. Kanglie, Inge A. H. van den Berk, Renee A. Douma, Daniel R. Faber, Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara, Jaap Stoker, Jan M. Prins, Brendon P. Scicluna, W. Joost Wiersinga, Tom van der Poll
Summary: This study identifies shared and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in different aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which may guide new pathogen-specific therapeutic strategies.
Article
Microbiology
Stephanie Hirschmann, Alejandro Gomez-Mejia, Ulrike Maeder, Julia Karsunke, Dominik Driesch, Manfred Rohde, Susanne Haeussler, Gerhard Burchhardt, Sven Hammerschmidt
Summary: The study highlights the importance of TCS09 in pneumococcal metabolic fitness and resistance against oxidative stress by regulating carbohydrate metabolism, potentially indirectly affecting cell wall integrity and the amount of capsular polysaccharide.
Article
Immunology
Surabhi Surabhi, Lana H. Jachmann, Patience Shumba, Gerhard Burchhardt, Sven Hammerschmidt, Nikolai Siemens
Summary: This study reveals the role of pneumococcal-derived H2O2 in initiating epithelial cell death by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and mediating IL-1 beta production. The cell death is caused by both apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways, mediated by the activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-1.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Stephanie Hirschmann, Alejandro Gomez-Mejia, Thomas P. Kohler, Franziska Voss, Manfred Rohde, Max Brendel, Sven Hammerschmidt
Summary: The two-component regulatory system 09 of Streptococcus pneumoniae plays a role in oxidative stress resistance and capsule expression, impacting cell wall integrity. Deletion of components of TCS09 affects bacterial growth under different carbon sources. TCS09 does not have a significant impact on bacterial morphology or interaction with host cells.
Article
Microbiology
Sebastian C. Herren, Markus Huemer, Claudio T. Acevedo, Alejandro Gomez-Mejia, Federica Andreoni, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Barbara Hasse, Reinhard Zbinden, Silvio D. Brugger, Annelies S. Zinkernagel
Summary: Antibiotic-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus poses a great challenge to clinicians and microbiological laboratories, with fast and reliable methods such as the replica plating tolerance isolation system (REPTIS) being urgently required for detection. This system was found to be useful in detecting antibiotic tolerance in clinical microbiological routine diagnostics, with high regrowth observed in antibiotics targeting protein synthesis.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Alejandro Gomez-Mejia, Tiziano A. Schweizer, Markus Huemer, Chun-Chi Chang, Claudio Acevedo, Judith Bergada-Pijuan, Clement Vulin, Daniel A. Hofmaenner, Thomas C. Scheier, Sanne Hertegonne, Elena Parietti, Nataliya Miroshnikova, Pedro D. Wendel Garcia, Matthias P. Hilty, Philipp Karl Buehler, Reto A. Schuepbach, Silvio D. Brugger, Annelies S. Zinkernagel
Summary: COVID-19 patients with hypercytokinemia are at higher risk of bacterial superinfections. Inflammatory mediators impair the bactericidal capacity of immune cells and alter their surface receptor expression, leading to dysfunctional immune responses against bacteria. Dexamethasone treatment reduces inflammation, enhances immune responses, and shortens hospital stay in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Article
Microbiology
Richael O. Mills, Mohammed R. Abdullah, Samuel A. Akwetey, Dorcas C. Sappor, Gustavo Gamez, Sven Hammerschmidt
Summary: Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci contributes to high pneumococcal deaths in children. This study assessed multidrug-resistant pneumococci isolated from vaccinated children in Ghana. Vaccine serotypes 23F and 19F were predominant and high resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole was observed.
Article
Immunology
Antje D. Paulikat, Lea A. Toelken, Lana H. Jachmann, Gerhard Burchhardt, Sven Hammerschmidt, Nikolai Siemens
Summary: Influenza A virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major pathogens causing pneumonia. It has been found that both bacterial and viral infections can induce dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation, but pneumococcal infections can impair dendritic cell maturation and inhibit CD4(+) T cell activation.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Kristin Jahn, Thomas P. Kohler, Lena-Sophie Swiatek, Sergej Wiebe, Sven Hammerschmidt
Summary: This article discusses the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and platelets, with a focus on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study found that toxins produced by these bacteria can interfere with platelet function, leading to platelet dysfunction. Therefore, protecting platelets from bacterial toxins is important for treatment.
Article
Cell Biology
Kristin Jahn, Patience Shumba, Phoenicia Quach, Mathias Musken, Jan Wesche, Andreas Greinacher, Lakshmi Rajagopal, Sven Hammerschmidt, Nikolai Siemens
Summary: This study investigates the effects of GBS pigment on human platelets and finds that the pigment can induce platelet activation and necrotic cell death.
Article
Immunology
Sonja Oehmcke-Hecht, Claudia Maletzki, Surabhi Surabhi, Nikolai Siemens, Valeria Khaimov, Lisa Marie John, Sina Mariella Peter, Sven Hammerschmidt, Bernd Kreikemeyer
Summary: This study investigated the influence of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the coagulation and contact system. It was found that pneumococci impair blood coagulation by autolysis and release of pneumolysin. The lysis of tissue factor-producing mononuclear cells and their procoagulant microvesicles were identified as the main trigger for defective blood coagulation. Pneumolysin was also found to bind coagulation and contact system factors without activating them.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Richael O. Mills, Mohammed R. Abdullah, Samuel A. Akwetey, Dorcas C. Sappor, Johan A. Bolivar, Gustavo Gamez, Mark P. G. van der Linden, Sven Hammerschmidt
Summary: This study described the prevalence and molecular characteristics of non-PCV13 serotypes in pneumococcal carriage isolates from children in Cape Coast, Ghana. The results showed that serotype 23B was the most prevalent, with characteristics of rapid clone expansion. These non-PCV serotypes exhibited high antibiotic resistance and had the potential to attenuate the effects of PCV vaccination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Huemer, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Sanne Hertegonne, Judith Bergada-Pijuan, Chun-Chi Chang, Sandro Pereira, Alejandro Gomez-Mejia, Lies Van Gestel, Julian Bar, Clement Vulin, Sibylle Pfammatter, Timothy P. Stinear, Ian R. Monk, Jonathan Dworkin, Annelies S. Zinkernagel
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus infections are difficult to treat due to the occurrence of persister cells that are metabolically quiescent and tolerant to antibiotics. Acid stress-mimicking conditions in the host tissues can delay bacterial growth and alter the serine and threonine phosphoproteome, including increased phosphorylation of PknB. Deletion of stp, the only annotated serine-threonine phosphatase in S. aureus, exacerbates the growth delay and phenotypic heterogeneity under different stress challenges. This study highlights the importance of phosphoregulation in bacterial quiescence and antibiotic tolerance, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies targeting PknB or Stp to prevent persister formation in S. aureus infections.
Article
Microbiology
Laurin Christopher Gierse, Alexander Meene, Sebastian Skorka, Fabian Cuypers, Surabhi Surabhi, Borja Ferrero-Bordera, Bernd Kreikemeyer, Doerte Becher, Sven Hammerschmidt, Nikolai Siemens, Tim Urich, Katharina Riedel
Summary: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This study investigated the impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus on the structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiomes of mice. Specific differences were identified between bacterial and viral infections using a meta-omics approach.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)