Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Li Huang, Ting Wang, Xuxiang Liu, Yuansheng Fu, Sichen Zhang, Qinshu Chu, Tingyue Nie, Houmian Tu, Jian Chen, Yinguang Fan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in spatial-temporal-demographic and virological aspects of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) after EV-A71 vaccination in Hefei, China. The findings showed that the EV-A71 vaccine effectively reduced the incidence of HFMD and altered its spatial, temporal, demographic, and virological characteristics.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Li Jiang, Hongchao Jiang, Xin Tian, Xueshan Xia, Tian Huang
Summary: Following the introduction of EV71 vaccines in Yunnan Province, the overall incidence of HFMD increased, while the severity and fatality rate of cases decreased. The predominant viral serotype shifted to non-EV71/non-CV-A16 enteroviruses, indicating the need for expanded vaccination and improved surveillance to reduce the burden of severe HFMD.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuanhang Ai, Weiwei Zhang, Jie Wu, Jingzhi Zhang, Meijing Shen, Shifei Yao, Chengmin Deng, Xiaoqian Li, Dejing Wu, Peng Tian, Xiaoju Cheng, He Zha, Kaifeng Wu
Summary: This study aimed to identify the molecular epidemiology of enterovirus causing HFMD/HA in Zunyi, China in 2019. The results showed that CVA6, CVA2, and CVA5 were the most prevalent types, and cases caused by CVA2, CVA5, and CVA6 had higher incidence of high fever and severe infection compared to cases caused by CVA16.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhicheng Du, Yong Huang, Michael S. Bloom, Zhoubin Zhang, Zhicong Yang, Jianyun Lu, Jianxiong Xu, Yuantao Hao
Summary: The study revealed that in Guangzhou, China, a two-dose EV71 vaccination can effectively reduce the risk of HFMD, especially for 3-year-old children. Real-world evidence supports the need for an expanded program of EV71 vaccination.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Rita C. C. Carmona, Braulio C. Machado, Fabricio C. Reis, Adriana M. V. Jorge, Audrey Cilli, Amanda M. N. Dias, Daniele R. Morais, Lucas Leme, Ana L. F. Yu, Marcela R. Silva, Telma R. M. P. Carvalhanas, Maria C. S. T. Timenetsky
Summary: This study investigated a large outbreak of Hand, foot, and mouth disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, and found the reemergence of CVA6 in HFMD. It highlights the importance of continued surveillance of circulating enterovirus types in the post-COVID pandemic era.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoxia Duan, Chaoyong Zhang, Xiao Wang, Xueling Ren, Hongxia Peng, Xueqin Tang, Liangzhi Zhang, Zhenhua Chen, Yan Ye, Mengmou Zheng, Wanzhen Zhong, Xiyue Chen, Yilan Zeng, Ping Yuan, Lu Long
Summary: This study describes the clinical, etiological, and epidemiological characteristics of HFMD inpatients after the use of EV-A71 vaccines. The study found a significant decrease in EV-A71 infections and identified Coxsackievirus A6 as the main pathogen for HFMD.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yuhan Liu, Junwei Chen, Ming Zhang, Wei Guo, Changzeng Feng, Jiansheng Liu, Lilan Xu, Na Gao, Shaohui Ma
Summary: This study found that Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) was the main pathogen associated with HFMD among children in Yunnan, China, followed by Coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4), Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5), and Echovirus 9 (E-9). EV-A and EV-B accounted for 45.1% and 41.3%, respectively. The study also found that CV-B5 and the majority of CV-B4 belonged to genotypes VI and C3, respectively. These results suggest that EV-B, especially CV-Bs, may play important roles in HFMD.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jiaolian Tang, Zhilei Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Hailing Huang, Tingyi Du, Xiaodan Wang, Lingmei Yan, Qin Rao, Jinghui Yang, Meifeng Wang, Ru Shen, Qiangming Sun, Hongchao Jiang
Summary: The study analyzed the genomic sequences of two rare cases of EVA71 infection following vaccination, finding that amino acid mutations may affect vaccine efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhong Zhang, Yang Liu, Fengfeng Liu, Minrui Ren, Taoran Nie, Jinzhao Cui, Zhaorui Chang, Zhongjie Li
Summary: This study analyzed laboratory-confirmed HFMD outbreaks in mainland China between 2011 to 2018 and found that EV-A71, CV-A16, and CV-A6 are the three most common serotypes causing HFMD, with strong transmission among children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jie Hong, Fengfeng Liu, Hongchao Qi, Wei Tu, Michael P. Ward, Minrui Ren, Zheng Zhao, Qing Su, Jiaqi Huang, Xi Chen, Jiaxu Le, Xiang Ren, Yi Hu, Ben Cowling, Zhongjie Li, Zhaorui Chang, Zhijie Zhang
Summary: This study describes the changing epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) after the introduction of the EV-A71 vaccine. The results show a decrease in severe cases and mortality rates of HFMD after the vaccine launch, but changes in dominant serotypes should be closely monitored.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Linjie Hu, Hairenguli Maimaiti, Lu Zhou, Jie Gao, Yihan Lu
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and the serotypes of enterovirus (EV) in Shanghai, China, after the introduction of EV-A71 vaccines. The results showed that CV-A6 was the predominant EV serotype in the HFMD epidemic, followed by CV-A16 and EV-A71. The changing trends in EV serotypes influenced the periodicity of the HFMD epidemic. A minority of HFMD cases had comorbidities, but they were not correlated with EV serotypes. The use of EV-A71 vaccine had an impact on the HFMD epidemic, and it may promote vaccination in children infected with EV-A71.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pirom Noisumdaeng, Pilaipan Puthavathana
Summary: This study characterized the molecular evolution of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) viruses in Thailand over a period of twenty years. The findings revealed the co-circulation and subgenotypic changes of the major pathogens causing HFMD outbreaks. The study provided valuable insights into molecular epidemiology and supported the development and implementation of genotype-matched vaccines.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jing Sun, Yuanyuan Li, Zhi Yang, Qingfeng Fang, Biquan Chen
Summary: The introduction of EV71 vaccine has led to changes in the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of HFMD patients. The number of cases decreased gradually after vaccination, with significant changes in age distribution. The proportion of cases caused by EV71 and severe cases decreased significantly after vaccination. However, EV71 still remains a major pathogen in severe HFMD cases. There were no significant differences in epidemiological characteristics and enterovirus serotypes between unvaccinated and vaccinated cases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Zhang, Jia Rui, Xiaoqing Cheng, Bin Deng, Hesong Zhang, Lijing Huang, Lexin Zhang, Simiao Zuo, Junru Li, XingCheng Huang, Yanhua Su, Benhua Zhao, Yan Niu, Hongwei Li, Jian-li Hu, Tianmu Chen
Summary: This study analyzed the transmissibility of HFMD in different counties of Jiangsu Province, China and explored the factors influencing its transmissibility. The results showed variations in transmissibility among different counties, which may be related to factors such as climate, demographic characteristics, virus subtypes, vaccination, hygiene, and other infectious diseases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meifen Wang, Tao Chen, Junchao Peng, Yunjiao Luo, Lijiang Du, Zhiying Lu, Jianzhu He, Chunli Liu, Quan Gan, Wei Ma, Zhikuan Cun, Qiongmei Zheng, Weiying Chen, Yonglin Chen, Mei Han, Guojun Liu, Jiwei Li
Summary: This study investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of HFMD and the prevalence of different pathogens in Kunming. CV-A6 and CV-A16 had significant outbreaks in different years, and the epidemiological characteristics varied among different regions. Therefore, research on multivalent combined vaccines and implementation of preventive measures are needed to control the incidence of HFMD-like diseases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Abdullahi Walla Hamisu, Isobel M. Blake, Gerald Sume, Fiona Braka, Abdullateef Jimoh, Habu Dahiru, Mohammed Bonos, Raymond Dankoli, Ahmed Mamuda Bello, Kabir M. Yusuf, Namadi M. Lawal, Fatimah Ahmed, Zainab Aliyu, Doris John, Theresa E. Nwachukwu, Michael F. Ayeni, Nicksy Gumede-Moeletsi, Philippe Veltsos, Sidhartha Giri, Ira Praharaj, Angeline Metilda, Ananda Bandyopadhyay, Ousmane M. Diop, Nicholas C. Grassly
Summary: This study suggests that measuring sewage properties and estimating catchment population can improve the selection of environmental surveillance sites and increase surveillance sensitivity for poliovirus and other enteroviruses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sang Woo Park, Margarita Pons-Salort, Kevin Messacar, Camille Cook, Lindsay Meyers, Jeremy Farrar, Bryan T. Grenfell
Summary: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) has emerged in the United States as a rare but serious neurological condition since 2012, with Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) considered a main causative agent. Strong spatiotemporal association between EV-D68 and AFM was demonstrated, and the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic likely reduced the sizes of EV-D68 and AFM outbreaks in 2020.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pierre Nouvellet, Sangeeta Bhatia, Anne Cori, Kylie E. C. Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Samir Bhatt, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Nicholas F. Brazeau, Lorenzo Cattarino, Laura V. Cooper, Helen Coupland, Zulma M. Cucunuba, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Bimandra A. Djaafara, Ilaria Dorigatti, Oliver D. Eales, Sabine L. van Elsland, Fabricia F. Nascimento, Richard G. FitzJohn, Katy A. M. Gaythorpe, Lily Geidelberg, William D. Green, Arran Hamlet, Katharina Hauck, Wes Hinsley, Natsuko Imai, Benjamin Jeffrey, Edward Knock, Daniel J. Laydon, John A. Lees, Tara Mangal, Thomas A. Mellan, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Kris V. Parag, Margarita Pons-Salort, Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, Steven Riley, H. Juliette T. Unwin, Robert Verity, Michaela A. C. Vollmer, Erik Volz, Patrick G. T. Walker, Caroline E. Walters, Haowei Wang, Oliver J. Watson, Charles Whittaker, Lilith K. Whittles, Xiaoyue Xi, Neil M. Ferguson, Christl A. Donnelly
Summary: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have used mobility data as an important proxy measure of social distancing to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While there is a correlation between reduced mobility and decreased transmission, this relationship weakens over time as strict control measures are relaxed.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lucy R. Williams, Neil M. Ferguson, Christl A. Donnelly, Nicholas C. Grassly
Summary: Multiple biases can influence the efficacy estimates of COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in the assessment of asymptomatic infections. The study found that the protective effect of vaccines against symptomatic infections is overestimated, while the protection against asymptomatic infections may be underestimated. These biases should be taken into account when interpreting the results of efficacy and effectiveness studies.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexander G. Shaw, Laura Cooper, Nicksy Gumede, Ananda S. Bandyopadhyay, Nicholas C. Grassly, Isobel M. Blake
Summary: This study investigated the potential of direct molecular detection and nanopore sequencing (DDNS) to accelerate poliovirus detection. The results showed that DDNS could reduce the time taken to detect and respond to poliovirus outbreaks, resulting in smaller outbreak sizes.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laura Cooper, Ananda S. Bandyopadhyay, Nicksy Gumede, Ondrej Mach, Pascal Mkanda, Modjirom Ndoutabe, Samuel O. Okiror, Alejandro Ramirez-Gonzalez, Kebba Touray, Sarah Wanyoike, Nicholas C. Grassly, Isobel M. Blake
Summary: The study found that as immunity induced by type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine declines, larger or faster vaccination campaigns using type 2-containing OPV will be needed to stop cVDPV2 transmission. In Africa, IPV-induced immunity also plays an important role in reducing the burden of cVDPV2 poliomyelitis.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edward P. K. Parker, Christina Bronowski, Kulandaipalayam Natarajan C. Sindhu, Sudhir Babji, Blossom Benny, Noelia Carmona-Vicente, Nedson Chasweka, End Chinyama, Nigel A. Cunliffe, Queen Dube, Sidhartha Giri, Nicholas C. Grassly, Annai Gunasekaran, Deborah Howarth, Sushil Immanuel, Khuzwayo C. Jere, Beate Kampmann, Jenna Lowe, Jonathan Mandolo, Ira Praharaj, Bakthavatsalam Sandya Rani, Sophia Silas, Vivek Kumar Srinivasan, Mark Turner, Srinivasan Venugopal, Valsan Philip Verghese, Alistair C. Darby, Gagandeep Kang, Miren Iturriza-Gomara
Summary: This study found that maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk, as well as pre-vaccination microbiota diversity, are negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi, potentially contributing to impaired vaccine efficacy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nicholas C. Grassly, Nick Andrews, Gillian Cooper, Laura Stephens, Pauline Waight, Christine E. Jones, Paul T. Heath, Anna Calvert, Jo Southern, Javier Martin, Elizabeth Miller
Summary: A study in the United Kingdom found that infants whose mothers received the DTaP/IPV vaccine during pregnancy were less likely to develop sufficient poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies after receiving IPV vaccine. This suggests that these infants may be inadequately protected against poliomyelitis until their pre-school booster.
Article
Immunology
Natalia A. Molodecky, Hamid Jafari, Rana M. Safdar, Jamal A. Ahmed, Abdirahman Mahamud, Ananda S. Bandyopadhyay, Hemant Shukla, Arshad Quddus, Michel Zaffran, Roland W. Sutter, Nicholas C. Grassly, Isobel M. Blake
Summary: Since July 2019, Pakistan and Afghanistan have been facing an outbreak of cVDPV2, in addition to continued transmission of WPV1 and SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the risks of cVDPV2 transmission and the impact of vaccination response strategies in the context of COVID-19 mitigation measures is critical.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Shaw, Catherine Troman, Joyce Odeke J. Akello, Kathleen O'Reilly, Jillian Gauld, Stephanie Grow, Nicholas Grassly, Duncan Steele, David Blazes, Supriya Kumar, Environmental Surveillance Working Group
Article
Immunology
Margarita Pons-Salort, Jacob John, Oliver J. Watson, Nicholas F. Brazeau, Robert Verity, Gagandeep Kang, Nicholas C. Grassly
Summary: India reported over 10 million COVID-19 cases and 149,000 deaths in 2020. Using serosurveys and data on reported deaths, the study estimated a cumulative infection rate of 48.7% in the Indian population by the end of September 2020. Only 15.0% of COVID-19 deaths were reported, indicating significant underreporting or lower age-specific infection fatality ratios compared to high-income countries. Despite the high infection rate, additional waves of the epidemic occurred in late 2020 and April-May 2021.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Manikandan Srinivasan, Kulandaipalayam Natarajan Sindhu, Sidhartha Giri, Nirmal Kumar, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Nicholas C. Grassly, Gagandeep Kang
Summary: The study reveals that 1 in 5 children with typhoid fever continue to shed Salmonella Typhi in stool after onset of fever, with shedding persisting even after completion of antibiotic treatment. Approximately 1 in 5 households had at least 1 contact shedding S Typhi, indicating potential concurrent typhoid infections in settings with poor water and sanitation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Manikandan Srinivasan, Kulandaipalayam Natarajan Sindhu, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Ranjith Kumar Ramasamy, Sathyapriya Subramaniam, Santhosh Kumar Ganesan, Swathi Vajja, Anita Shirley David, Pramitha Lankala, Winsley Rose, Prabhakar D. Moses, Nicholas C. Grassly, Gagandeep Kang, Jacob John
Summary: Blood culture is the gold standard for enteric fever diagnosis, and this study identified factors that predict positivity in blood cultures among children. Older children with higher fever temperatures, larger blood volume inoculated, and diagnoses of suspected typhoid or acute undifferentiated fever were more likely to have positive cultures. Refusals for blood cultures were more common among children from wealthier households or with milder illness.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiang Li, Christinah Mukandavire, Zulma M. Cucunuba, Susy Echeverria Londono, Kaja Abbas, Hannah E. Clapham, Mark Jit, Hope L. Johnson, Timos Papadopoulos, Emilia Vynnycky, Marc Brisson, Emily D. Carter, Andrew Clark, Margaret J. de Villiers, Kirsten Eilertson, Matthew J. Ferrari, Ivane Gamkrelidze, Katy A. M. Gaythorpe, Nicholas C. Grassly, Timothy B. Hallett, Wes Hinsley, Michael L. Jackson, Kevin Jean, Andromachi Karachaliou, Petra Klepac, Justin Lessler, Xi Li, Sean M. Moore, Shevanthi Nayagam, Duy Manh Nguyen, Homie Razavi, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Stephen Resch, Colin Sanderson, Steven Sweet, Stephen Sy, Yvonne Tam, Hira Tanvir, Quan Minh Tran, Caroline L. Trotter, Shaun Truelove, Kevin van Zandvoort, Stephane Verguet, Neff Walker, Amy Winter, Kim Woodruff, Neil M. Ferguson, Tini Garske
Summary: The study estimates that vaccination against ten selected pathogens will have averted 69 million deaths between 2000 and 2030, with a significant impact on reducing mortality among children under 5 years old, especially from measles. The introduction of new vaccines and increases in vaccine coverage are predicted to result in a 72% reduction in lifetime mortality in the 2019 birth cohort.