Article
Energy & Fuels
Joseba Moreno, Matthias Hornberger, Max Schmid, Gunter Scheffknecht
Summary: The study provides an overview of experimental investigations on the oxy-fuel combustion of hard coal, wheat straw, and SRF in a semi-industrial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) pilot plant, demonstrating stable combustion behavior and hydrodynamic characteristics. The boundary conditions introduced are expected to play a role in carbon capture and storage processes.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ying-jie Zhao, Yu-ke Zhang, Yang Cui, Yuan-yuan Duan, Yi Huang, Guo-qiang Wei, Usama Mohamed, Li-juan Shi, Qun Yi, William Nimmo
Summary: A coal chemical looping combustion (CLC) power plant with CO2 capture was established and validated, showing higher net energy efficiency, lower cost of electricity, and less coal consumption compared to a traditional MEA-based ultra-supercritical coal power plant. This was achieved through optimizing operation parameters and heat exchange networks, as well as utilizing in-situ CO2 capture, lower exergy destruction, and efficient energy integration and recovery.
Article
Thermodynamics
Marek Pronobis, Robert Wejkowski, Sylwester Kalisz, Szymon Ciukaj
Summary: The aim of this work is to analyze the feasibility of converting a pulverized coal boiler to 100% biomass combustion using torrefied PKS. By replacing hard coal with torrefied biomass, CO2 emissions can be practically eliminated, and the problem of coal shortages in Europe can be reduced. However, there are challenges to address such as boiler fouling, grinding new fuel, changing NOx emissions, and exhaust gas dew point. Measurements and calculations were conducted to assess the risks of slagging and fouling and to evaluate the potential use of Dunino halloysite for protection against corrosion. The results show that the combustion of PKS leads to higher flue gas temperatures compared to coal combustion.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Babak Keivani, Afsin Gungor
Summary: This study conducted a detailed techno-economic assessment of Turkish domestic coal, biomass, and torrefied biomass as fuel for oxygen combustion in the CAN Power plant. The results showed that oxygen-enriched combustion is more economical in terms of carbon capture and storage, with slightly lower costs in electricity, CO2 avoidance, and CO2 capture compared to air combustion. The study suggests that 30% oxygen-enriched co-combustion can be a short-term economic retrofitting option for existing power plants.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Inaki Adanez-Rubio, Ivan Sampron, Maria Teresa Izquierdo, Alberto Abad, Pilar Gayan, Juan Adanez
Summary: This study investigates the combustion and CO2 capture efficiency of coal and biomass using a magnetic Cu-based oxygen carrier. The results show that complete combustion of the fuel to CO2 and H2O can be achieved, with CO2 capture efficiency reaching up to 97% at the appropriate temperature.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hossein Farajollahi, Siamak Hossainpour
Summary: This study evaluates the effect of co-combustion of woody biomass and coal on the techno-economic performance of a 300 MWth in-situ gasification chemical looping combustion power plant. The results show that increasing biomass share can enhance the CO2 capture efficiency and coal conversion, achieving negative CO2 emissions with high biomass share. The integrated systems of supercritical CO2 cycle and Organic Rankine cycle improve the net electrical efficiency of the plant.
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingxi Huang, Jinduo Yao, Yukun Hu, Shengchun Liu, Hailong Li, Qie Sun
Summary: This study proposes a cost-effective solution by integrating a compressed CO2 energy storage system into a coal-fired combustion power plant with CO2 capture. The integration of energy storage allows for arbitrage opportunities from electricity price variations and improves the overall efficiency of the system.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Benjamin Fleiss, Stefan Penthor, Stefan Mueller, Hermann Hofbauer, Josef Fuchs
Summary: This study aims to develop a fast and cost-effective characterization scheme for oxygen carriers under operational conditions in order to assess the comparability of different materials. Three oxygen carriers were investigated in detail in a laboratory-fluidized bed and compared with operation in an 80 kW pilot plant. The results show that bed material properties such as attrition, density, and bulk density must be prioritized in the evaluation of oxygen carriers.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuelei Zhang, Zhuoyuan Zhang, Gaofeng Wang
Summary: This study proposes a novel combined cycle for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants, which integrates a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and an organic Rankine cycle. The results show promising exergy efficiency and economic performance. The proposed combined cycle has the potential to compete with other carbon capture technologies.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ming Luo, Yanjun Qin, Jianjun Cai, Lili Qian, Shuxiang Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Lunzheng Zhou, Peng Liu
Summary: This study investigated the release and migration characteristics of sulfur in the chemical looping combustion of coal with two different synthetic oxygen carriers. The results showed that sulfur behavior varied under different conditions, with sulfur mainly migrating to metal sulfides at lower temperatures and peroxide coefficients.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kiyoshi Sakuragi, Maromu Otaka
Summary: CO2 emissions from coal power generation could be reduced by maximizing the amount of torrefied biomass in coal-TP blend. The study found that mill power consumption and differential pressure increased with higher TP content, leading to larger particle size of milled products. Moreover, the biomass-derived neutral sugar content and X/G ratio were higher in larger particles and inside the roller mill, affecting the milling performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Gogolev, Amir H. Soleimanisalim, Carl Linderholm, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: The study successfully demonstrated the conversion of high and low volatile biomass into electricity with high carbon capture efficiency using a newly designed chemical looping combustion pilot. The strong alkali absorption characteristics of ilmenite bed material were identified as the key determinant of gas-phase release of biomass alkali in the conducted experiments.
Article
Thermodynamics
Seokwon Yun, Sunghoon Lee, Mun-Gi Jang, Jin-Kuk Kim
Summary: This work systematically evaluates the economic implications of introducing absorption and membrane capture technologies to a power plant. Cost diagrams are used to estimate the cost of electricity, CO2 capture, and avoidance cost of CO2 capture-integrated power plant, allowing for fair comparison of different capture technologies. The detailed breakdown of key costing elements between the power plant and the capture plant provides insights for research and development direction.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xuelei Zhang, Piaopiao Song
Summary: This paper investigates the effectiveness of CaL technology for post-combustion CO2 capture in existing power plants and analyzes the impact of heat integration on efficiency penalty. Through simulation and sensitivity analysis, the study identifies the optimum scheme for integrating the capture unit into coal-fired power plants, resulting in significant reductions in energy consumption and efficiency penalties for CO2 capture.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
C. Ortiz, S. Garcia-Luna, R. Chacartegui, J. M. Valverde, L. Perez-Maqueda
Summary: Integrating membranes, partial biomass oxycombustion, and the calcium looping (CaL) process in a synergetic system allows for power production with negative CO2 emissions. This system presents fewer technological challenges in retrofitting boilers and significantly reduces energy consumption compared to oxy-combustion systems. Improvements in membrane performance could make this integration more economically competitive.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Paulo Debiagi, Coskun Yildiz, Marcel Richter, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple, Tiziano Faravelli, Christian Hasse
Summary: This study investigated the release of sulfur from two types of coal, revealing the complexity of sulfur chemistry in coal combustion and developing reliable kinetic models. Different distributions of sulfur species released were observed under low heating rate and high heating rate conditions, providing important insights for the development of models with improved predictability.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Falah Alobaid, Jochen Stroehle
Summary: This Special Issue focuses on thermochemical conversion technologies of solid fuels, such as biomass, refuse-derived fuel, and sewage sludge, particularly through combustion and gasification. Recent activities on operational flexibility of co-combustion, carbon capture, solar-driven air-conditioning systems, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems like sorption-enhanced gasification and chemical looping gasification are highlighted.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Falko Marx, Paul Dieringer, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
Summary: Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a promising gasification process that utilizes lattice oxygen provided by a solid oxygen carrier material to produce a nitrogen-free synthesis gas, potentially achieving carbon-neutral synthesis gas production with biomass. The study describes modifications to an existing pilot plant to enable autothermal operation of CLG, proposing a reactor configuration using two circulating fluidized bed reactors with internal solid circulation in the air reactor. Experimental results demonstrate a reasonable range of operational parameters within restrictions imposed by autothermal operation.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nhut Minh Nguyen, Falah Alobaid, Paul Dieringer, Bernd Epple
Summary: Biomass gasification is a promising renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuels, but faces challenges such as tar formation and low efficiency. Chemical looping gasification is considered a suitable pathway for producing valuable products from biomass. The review paper provides insights into the recent developments of biomass-based chemical looping gasification process.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Nabeel Sameer Mahmoud, Hussein M. H. Al-Khafaji, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: Dynamic simulation is an efficient approach for improving the efficiency of parabolic trough power plants and control circuits. This study provides a thorough description of the advanced control circuits used in the solar field and thermal storage system of a parabolic trough power plant, based on real specifications.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jens Peters, Eric Langner, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
Summary: The study investigates the influence of the operating parameters of the fire side on the speed of load changes on the waterside, showing that the step input of primary air has a significant impact on load change rate, while the fuel mass flow step size also has a positive effect on load change rate.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ammar Bany Ata, Peter Maximilian Seufert, Christian Heinze, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: Efficient and flexible operation is crucial for competitiveness in the energy market. This study optimized the steam power process of an IGCC, improving plant performance and reducing environmental impact. Model validation showed good agreement between numerical and measured data, supporting the use of syngas feed and heat integration in the IGCC process.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wisam Abed Kattea Al-Maliki, Auday Shaker Hadi, Hussein M. H. Al-Khafaji, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: This study provides a detailed description of the behavior of advanced controllers used in a 50 MWel parabolic trough power plant and creates reference models to help developers and engineers better understand the control loops in these power plants.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Martin Greco-Coppi, Carina Hofmann, Jochen Stroehle, Diethelm Walter, Bernd Epple
Summary: The study focuses on integrating the indirectly heated carbonate looping technology into lime plants through two proposed concepts. By establishing heat and mass balances, performing sensitivity analyses, and calculating key performance indicators via process simulations, it is found that a highly integrated concept can increase direct fuel consumption by 63% but convert almost 30% of heat input into electric power.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2021)
Review
Thermodynamics
Falah Alobaid, Naser Almohammed, Massoud Massoudi Farid, Jan May, Philip Rossger, Andreas Richter, Bernd Epple
Summary: This review provides significant knowledge on the development and application of CFD mathematical models in gas-solid fluidized beds. The review is divided into three parts: mathematical modeling, state-of-the-art studies, and conclusion and prospects. It covers various numerical models, their assumptions, and their application in chemical and energy process engineering. The review also analyzes the pros and cons of applying CFD models to fluidized-bed systems and highlights current research trends and future opportunities.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Falah Alobaid, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christian Heinze, Jan May, Eric Langner, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
Summary: This paper presents the experimental results of a gasification process involving a gasifier, a gas cleaning unit, and a catalyst test rig. It investigates the behavior of gasification for two different feedstocks and analyzes the performance of carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency. The results show that utilizing fluidized bed drying coal for gasification achieves the highest cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is used to measure trace gases, and a positive correlation between benzene and methane concentration is observed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Martin Greco-Coppi, Carina Hofmann, Diethelm Walter, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
Summary: Lime is a crucial material in various industries, and the production of lime often leads to CO2 emissions. In this study, a retrofit configuration of the indirectly heated carbonate looping process was presented and analyzed. Different fuel scenarios were simulated, and the process was compared to other capture methods. The results showed that net negative CO2 emissions could be achieved, especially when using fuels with high biogenic fraction and low CO2 emissions.
MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Coskun Yildiz, Marcel Richter, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
Summary: The release behavior of sulfur and chlorine compounds from walnut shell particles was investigated using an entrained flow reactor. The experiments were conducted under different atmospheres and conditions. The results showed that the majority of fuel-bound sulfur volatilizes as sulfur dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide in nitrogen atmosphere at 1000 degrees C. Hydrogen chloride is released as HCl at a lower percentage. Similar results were observed in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The release of sulfur and chlorine decreases with increasing temperatures in both atmospheres.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Paul Dieringer, Falko Marx, Jochen Stroehle, Bernd Epple
Summary: Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a novel dual-fluidized bed gasification technology that produces high-calorific syngas from solid feedstocks. This study focuses on the hydrodynamic behavior of the CLG reactor system, with special emphasis on the operational principles and solid entrainment from the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors. By analyzing data from a cold flow model and a 1 MWth CLG pilot plant, a comprehensive set of operational rules and an easily-applicable approach for estimating solid entrainment are presented, closing a crucial research gap.
