Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoshihiko Kanno, Eiichiro Kanda, Akihiko Kato
Summary: Patients receiving dialysis therapy often face nutritional challenges, yet medical staff in Japan lack training and support in nutritional management. Recent studies suggest that under conditions of low nutrition, salt intake should not be restricted for frail or dialysis patients, and protein consumption should be targeted at 0.9 to 1.2 g/kg/day. The Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis (NRI-JH) is recommended by the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy to screen for malnutrition in older patients.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Limy Wong, Gustavo Duque, Lawrence P. McMahon
Summary: Sarcopenia and frailty are common in patients with chronic kidney disease, characterized by muscle mass loss, decreased function, and multi-system impairment. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation are key interventions to maintain skeletal muscle mass and strength in these patients.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ju-Chi Chen, Reuben Wang, Chia-Cheng Wei
Summary: With the increase in the elderly population, anti-aging research has become critical. This article highlights the potential of Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model for studying the effects of phytochemicals on anti-aging. It also provides an up-to-date summary of the anti-aging effects of various phytochemicals based on physical, cellular, or molecular biomarkers.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Stefanie E. Mason, Rafael Moreta-Martinez, Wassim W. Labaki, Matthew J. Strand, Elizabeth A. Regan, Jessica Bon, Ruben San Jose Estepar, Richard Casaburi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Harry B. Rossiter, Barry Make, Mark T. Dransfield, MeiLan K. Han, Kendra Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Kathleen Stringer, Greg Kinney, John E. Hokanson, Raul San Jose Estepar, George R. Washko
Summary: The longitudinal loss of fat-free mass (FFM) is associated with increased all-cause mortality, regardless of initial body composition metrics, including BMI or muscle mass. This finding may improve risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic targets for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Yuki Kato, Kouji Izumi, Atsushi Mizokami
Summary: The decline in testosterone is associated with sarcopenia and frailty, and testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve muscle mass and strength.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yanjiao Shen, Li Luo, Hongbo Fu, Lingling Xie, Wenyi Zhang, Jing Lu, Ming Yang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between muscle mass and muscle quality indicators derived from opportunistic chest CT images and in-hospital death, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs in older patients. The study found that the CT-derived muscle mass indicator can serve as a prognostic factor for predicting in-hospital death, but it is not significantly related to hospital stay duration or increased hospital costs.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alberto Caballero-Garcia, Jorge Pascual-Fernandez, David Cesar Noriega-Gonzalez, Hugo J. Bello, Antoni Pons-Biescas, Enrique Roche, Alfredo Cordova-Martinez
Summary: The study found that citrulline supplementation significantly improved walking speed in elderly participants engaged in physical activity, with no significant differences in strength and endurance improvement. After supplementation, markers of muscle damage and hormone levels showed a tendency to improve compared to the placebo group.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lingling Xie, Jiaojiao Jiang, Hongbo Fu, Wenyi Zhang, Ling Yang, Ming Yang
Summary: This study aimed to explore the associations of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)-defined malnutrition with muscle mass, muscle quality, and muscle strength in hospitalized older adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alvin Shrestha, Melanie Dani, Paul Kemp, Michael Fertleman
Summary: Sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle mass and function, and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWSOP2) updated their definition in 2018, emphasizing the importance of low muscle strength for diagnosis. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of muscle wasting after surgery, including hormonal factors, inflammation, microRNAs, and oxidative stress. Biomarkers such as GDF-15, IGF-1, and various microRNAs may be able to predict post-surgical muscle loss. The impact of existing sarcopenia on different types of surgery and the occurrence of muscle wasting after surgery are also discussed.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiaoyan Chen, Gongxiang Liu, Siyuan Li, Xiufang Lin, Zhenli Han, Xiaoyi Hu, Jinhui Wu, Ming Yang
Summary: The different measurement protocols for handgrip strength recommended by the AWGS 2019 update significantly affect the measurement values and identification of handgrip strength asymmetry, but not handgrip strength weakness.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Jeremy B. Ducharme, Zachary J. McKenna, Michael R. Deyhle
Summary: Conditions characterized by muscle wasting, such as cachexia and sarcopenia, have a significant impact on individuals and public health. Inflammation, specifically lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through Toll-like receptor-4 activation, plays a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of Toll-like receptor-4 activation and the effects of exercise on this axis may lead to nonpharmacological therapeutic interventions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jedd Pratt, Giuseppe De Vito, Ricardo Segurado, Ludmilla Pessanha, Jackie Dolan, Marco Narici, Colin Boreham
Summary: This study examined the association between plasma NfL concentration and sarcopenic domains. The results showed that NfL levels were associated with grip strength and SMI and were significantly elevated in sarcopenic individuals. This suggests that NfL levels could be a potential biomarker for sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Vasiliki Karava, John Dotis, Antonia Kondou, Nikoleta Printza
Summary: Malnutrition is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with both undernutrition and overnutrition prevalent. Muscle wasting is the key feature of protein energy wasting (PEW), preceding fat loss and leading to fatigue and musculoskeletal decline. CKD-related wasting processes, reduced physical activity, and obesity-induced inflammatory diseases contribute to the accumulation of fat mass and deficits in muscle mass and strength. Abdominal obesity is also prevalent in children with CKD, increasing cardiometabolic risk. This review emphasizes the importance of body composition assessment, discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms, and highlights the benefits of growth hormone therapy and physical activity in managing malnutrition in pediatric CKD.
Article
Cell Biology
Valentina Di Felice, Rosario Barone, Eleonora Trovato, Daniela D'Amico, Filippo Macaluso, Claudia Campanella, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Vera Muccilli, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Patrizia Cancemi, Gabriele Multhoff, Dario Coletti, Sergio Adamo, Felicia Farina, Francesco Cappello
Summary: Physiactisome, a conditioned medium released by Hsp60-overexpressing C2C12 cell lines, shows potential for treating cachexia by activating the expression of PGC-1 alpha isoform 1 and suppressing muscle atrophy.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cheolsu Kim, Jwa-Kyung Kim, Hyung-Seok Lee, Sung Gyun Kim, Young Rim Song
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of longitudinal changes in body composition on all-cause mortality in PD patients, and found that LTI loss and FTI gain were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Weijia Li, Jiyoung Seo, Damianos G. Kokkinidis, Leonidas Palaiodimos, Sanjana Nagraj, Eleni Korompoki, Haralambos Milionis, Wolfram Doehner, Gregory Y. H. Lip, George Ntaios
Summary: The use of oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm can reduce the occurrence of stroke, but it also increases the risk of major bleeding. Rivaroxaban has a better effect in preventing stroke, but it is also associated with a higher risk of bleeding. There were no significant differences between the use of oral anticoagulants and the control group in terms of myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for heart failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stefan D. Anker, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Javed Butler, Anne Pernille Ofstad, Barbara Peil, Egon Pfarr, Wolfram Doehner, Naveed Sattar, Andrew J. S. Coats, Gerasimos Filippatos, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Faiez Zannad, Stuart Pocock, Milton Packer
Summary: In this study, the relationship between baseline BMI, weight loss, and the effects of empagliflozin on heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were analyzed. The study found that the benefits of empagliflozin were consistent across all BMI categories, and weight loss was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality regardless of treatment group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew Sindone, Wolfram Doehner, Josep Comin-Colet
Summary: Intravenous iron-carbohydrate complex supplementation has a positive effect on heart failure patients, reducing hospitalization rates and improving functional and exercise capacity.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Luping Yuan, Jochen Springer, Sandra Palus, Silvia Busquets, Queralt Jove, Edson Alves de Lima Junior, Markus S. Anker, Stephan von Haehling, Natalia Alvarez Ladron, Oliver Millman, Annemijn Oosterlee, Agata Szymczyk, Francisco Javier Lopez-Soriano, Stefan D. Anker, Andrew J. S. Coats, Josep M. Argiles
Summary: Stereoisomers of oxprenolol, especially S-oxprenolol, have shown effectiveness in preclinical models of cancer cachexia. S-oxprenolol was superior to R-oxprenolol in terms of survival and weight loss reduction in the animal models tested. It also improved muscle function and had potential for human application in cancer cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peter Carson, John R. Teerlink, Michel Komajda, Inder Anand, Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Wolfram Doehner, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Gerasimos Filippatos, Markus Haass, Alan Miller, Steen Pehrson, Stuart J. Pocock, Sven Schnaidt, Janet M. Schnee, Faiez Zannad, Milton Packer
Summary: There is limited published information on outcome adjudication in heart failure (HF). In this study, the authors compared investigator reports (IRs) to a Clinical Events Committee (CEC) and found that IRs can be an alternative to CEC with similar accuracy and faster event accumulation. They also suggest broadening the definition of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) to include for or with worsening disease.
JACC-HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthias Totzeck, Markus S. Anker, Tienush Rassaf
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gianluigi Savarese, Markus S. Anker, Stefan D. Anker
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Azadeh Shafieesabet, Nadja Jauert, Oliver Hartmann, Birte Arlt, Michael Joebges, Wolfram Doehner
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) on outcomes after rehabilitation in stroke patients. The results showed that plasma bio-ADM levels were associated with 6-month all-cause mortality and composite outcomes. Elevated bio-ADM concentrations (> 70 pg/ml) were associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality and composite outcomes. Therefore, bio-ADM may be a suitable novel biomarker to assess the outcomes of patients in rehabilitation after acute stroke.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Markus S. Anker, Alessia Lena, Eric J. Roeland, Jan Porthun, Sebastian Schmitz, Sara Hadzibegovic, Philipp Sikorski, Ursula Wilkenshoff, Ann-Kathrin Froehlich, Luisa Valentina Ramer, Matthias Rose, Jan Eucker, Tienush Rassaf, Matthias Totzeck, Lorenz H. Lehmann, Stephan von Haehling, Andrew J. S. Coats, Tim Friede, Javed Butler, Stefan D. Anker, Hanno Riess, Ulf Landmesser, Lars Bullinger, Ulrich Keller, Johann Ahn
Summary: The patient-reported ability to walk 4 m and wash oneself is an independent predictor of survival and associated with decreased functional status in pre-terminal cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sara Hadzibegovic, Jan Porthun, Alessia Lena, Pia Weinlaender, Laura C. Lueck, Sophia K. Potthoff, Lukas Roesnick, Ann-Kathrin Froehlich, Luisa Valentina Ramer, Frederike Sonntag, Ursula Wilkenshoff, Johann Ahn, Ulrich Keller, Lars Bullinger, Amir A. Mahabadi, Matthias Totzeck, Tienush Rassaf, Stephan von Haehling, Andrew J. S. Coats, Stefan D. Anker, Eric J. Roeland, Ulf Landmesser, Markus S. Anker
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of hand grip strength (HGS) in cancer patients and establish reference values for a European-based population. The study found that reduced HGS was associated with increased mortality, decreased overall functional status, and decreased physical performance in cancer patients, regardless of cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Hellwig, Thomas Krause, Jan F. Scheitz, Juliane Herm, Ulrike Grittner, Nadja Jauert, Jochen B. Fiebach, Mario Kasner, Wolfram Doehner, Matthias Endres, Rolf Wachter, Thomas Elgeti, Christian H. Nolte, Karl Georg Haeusler
Summary: This study compared the rate of pathological findings in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) between enhanced diagnostic workup and routine diagnostic care. The results showed that enhanced diagnostic workup yielded a higher rate of pathological findings and reduced the proportion of patients with cryptogenic stroke.
STROKE AND VASCULAR NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christoph Gertler, Nadja Jauert, Patrick Freyhardt, Miroslava Valentova, Sven Christopher Aland, Thula Cannon Walter-Rittel, Christina Unterberg-Buchwald, Marius Placzek, Virginia Ding-Reinelt, Tarek Bekfani, Wolfram Doehner, Gerd Hasenfuss, Bernd Hamm, Anja Sandek
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in iron signal and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure patients before and after intravenous iron therapy. The findings showed that patients with iron deficiency had lower iron content in the spleen, liver, and heart. After intravenous iron therapy, the iron content in the left ventricle, spleen, and liver increased. Improvement in exercise capacity was associated with an increase in hemoglobin levels after intravenous iron therapy.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Markus S. Anker, Sophia K. Potthoff, Alessia Lena, Jan Porthun, Sara Hadzibegovic, Ruben Evertz, Corinna Denecke, Ann-Kathrin Froehlich, Frederike Sonntag, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Stuart D. Rosen, Alexander R. Lyon, Thomas F. Luescher, John A. Spertus, Stefan D. Anker, Mahir Karakas, Lars Bullinger, Ulrich Keller, Ulf Landmesser, Javed Butler, Stephan von Haehling
Summary: This study compared the EORTC QLQ-C30 and ESC HeartQoL questionnaires for assessing health-related quality of life in cancer patients, and found that both instruments were associated with increased mortality in cancer patients. Combining both questionnaires provided even greater stratification of patient risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wolfram Doehner, Jelena Celutkiene, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz, Andrew J. S. Coats
Summary: Heart failure (HF) can lead to cerebral injury, such as stroke, cognitive decline, dementia, and depressive disorders. The interaction between the heart and the central nervous system (CNS) is significant, with impaired cerebral functions contributing to myocardial injury and worsening of HF symptoms. However, this comorbidity is often overlooked in both diagnosis and treatment of HF. This article discusses the pathophysiological aspects of heart-CNS interactions in HF, including stroke, cognitive function, depressive disorder, and neurovegetative control.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick Despang, Martin Schikora, Wolfram Doehner
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death globally, with high blood pressure and elevated LDL cholesterol being major modifiable risk factors. The polypill, a combination of different drugs in one tablet, has been shown to significantly improve patients' prognosis by reducing cardiovascular events. While previous trials have focused on risk factor control, recent trials have shown prognostic improvement in primary prevention and the SECURE trial has shown a reduction in cardiovascular events in secondary prevention.
