Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI): a narrative review from a Multispecialty Task Force of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)

Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Is Highly Variable in Critically Ill Patients With Septic Shock and Is Associated With Disease Severity*

(2016) Jeremy Cohen et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Glucocorticoid-independent modulation of GR activity: Implications for immunotherapy

(2016) Janet P. Hapgood et al.   PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

The cardiovascular and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress is controlled by glucocorticoid receptor sequence variants and promoter methylation

(2016) Ting Li-Tempel et al.   Clinical Epigenetics

Adrenal Mitochondria and Steroidogenesis: From Individual Proteins to Functional Protein Assemblies

(2016) Andrew Midzak et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Depletion of high-affinity corticosteroid-binding globulin corresponds to illness severity in sepsis and septic shock; clinical implications

(2015) M.A. Nenke et al.   CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY

Targeting the annexin 1-formyl peptide receptor 2/ALX pathway affords protection against bacterial LPS-induced pathologic changes in the murine adrenal cortex

(2015) Nicholas A. P. S. Buss et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

The role of adrenal gland microenvironment in the HPA axis function and dysfunction during sepsis

(2015) Waldemar Kanczkowski et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Stress, the Stress System and the Role of Glucocorticoids

(2015) Nicolas C. Nicolaides et al.   NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION

New insights into the controversy of adrenal function during critical illness

(2015) Eva Boonen et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in lethal canine Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

(2014) Irene Cortés-Puch et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Reduced nocturnal ACTH-driven cortisol secretion during critical illness

(2014) Eva Boonen et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Contrasting Inflammatory Responses in Severe and Non-severe Community-acquired Pneumonia

(2014) Rafael Fernandez-Botran et al.   INFLAMMATION

Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Implications

(2014) Eva Boonen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Longitudinal Assessment of Adrenal Function in the Early and Prolonged Phases of Critical Illness in Septic Patients: Relations to Cytokine Levels and Outcome

(2014) Dimitra Argyro Vassiliadi et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Adrenocortical Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Deficiency Exacerbates Endotoxic Shock and Precipitates Sepsis-Induced Mortality in Mice

(2014) Sophie Gilibert et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Adrenal insufficiency

(2014) Evangelia Charmandari et al.   LANCET

Loss of the Endothelial Glucocorticoid Receptor Prevents the Therapeutic Protection Afforded by Dexamethasone after LPS

(2014) Julie E. Goodwin et al.   PLoS One

Immunological Characterization of Compensatory Anti-Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Patients With Severe Sepsis

(2013) Henry G. Gomez et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

The biology of the glucocorticoid receptor: New signaling mechanisms in health and disease

(2013) Robert H. Oakley et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor is decreased in experimental Staphylococcus aureus sepsis

(2013) Maria Bergquist et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Reduced Cortisol Metabolism during Critical Illness

(2013) Eva Boonen et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Hypothalamo-pituitary and immune-dependent adrenal regulation during systemic inflammation

(2013) Waldemar Kanczkowski et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Corticosteroid resistance in sepsis is influenced by microRNA-124–induced downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor-α*

(2012) Carola Ledderose et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Endothelial glucocorticoid receptor is required for protection against sepsis

(2012) J. E. Goodwin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

R2: The Absence of Adrenal Gland Enlargement during Septic Shock Predicts Mortality

(2011) Boris Jung et al.   ANESTHESIOLOGY

A genomic storm in critically injured humans

(2011) Wenzhong Xiao et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Changes in CRH and ACTH Synthesis during Experimental and Human Septic Shock

(2011) Andrea Polito et al.   PLoS One

The Effects of Opioids and Opioid Analogs on Animal and Human Endocrine Systems

(2010) Cassidy Vuong et al.   ENDOCRINE REVIEWS

Human and experimental septic shock are characterized by depletion of lipid droplets in the adrenals

(2010) Andrea Polito et al.   INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE

Activation and Regulation of Systemic Inflammation in ARDS

(2009) G. Umberto Meduri et al.   CHEST

Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency

(2009) Paul E. Marik   CHEST

Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels are selectively decreased in neutrophils of children with sepsis

(2009) Erica L. T. van den Akker et al.   INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE

Systemic and bronchoalveolar cytokines as predictors of in-hospital mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia

(2009) Yao-Ling Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE

Predisposing Factors for Adrenal Insufficiency

(2009) Stefan R. Bornstein   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression, inflammation, and cell apoptosis in septic guinea pig lungs using methylprednisolone

(2008) Koki Kamiyama et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Inflammatory Markers at Hospital Discharge Predict Subsequent Mortality after Pneumonia and Sepsis

(2008) Sachin Yende et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Opioid Contribution to Decreased Cortisol Levels in Critical Care Patients

(2008) Harry W. Daniell   ARCHIVES OF SURGERY

Tissue mRNA expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and its splice variants in fatal critical illness

(2008) R. P. Peeters et al.   CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY

Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine

(2008) Paul E. Marik et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Systemic Immune Challenge Activates an Intrinsically Regulated Local Inflammatory Circuit in the Adrenal Gland

(2008) Linda Engström et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

SR-BI protects against endotoxemia in mice through its roles in glucocorticoid production and hepatic clearance

(2008) Lei Cai et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION