Article
Cell Biology
Sungjin Park, Randall Dahn, Elif Kurt, Adrien Presle, Kathryn VanDenHeuvel, Cara Moravec, Ashwini Jambhekar, Olushola Olukoga, Jason Shepherd, Arnaud Echard, Michael Blower, Ahna R. Skop
Summary: The mammalian midbody (MB), which is released post-abscission inside extracellular vesicles called MB remnants (MBRs), has been ignored for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that MBRs can modulate cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. The research demonstrates that the MB matrix is the site of ribo-nucleoprotein assembly and contains mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell fate, oncogenesis, and pluripotency, forming a structure called the MB granule. Furthermore, both MBs and MBRs are sites of spatiotemporally regulated translation.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2023)
Article
Biology
Allison M. Gicking, Tzu-Chen Ma, Qingzhou Feng, Rui Jiang, Somayesadat Badieyan, Michael A. Cianfrocco, William O. Hancock
Summary: The study shows that kinesin-2 and -3 motors, despite being more sensitive to load, can effectively resist hindering loads generated by the dynein complex under experimental conditions; the similar performance between the three kinesin transport families highlights the critical role of motor kinetics in regulating the speed and directionality of cargo transport in cells.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Zeng, Weiqi Wang, Jinlong Pan, Genjin Liu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of steel fibers on the permeability and mechanical properties of freeze-thaw damaged concrete under splitting tensile and compressive loads. The results showed that the addition of steel fibers had a negative effect on the impermeability of the concrete without freeze-thaw damage, but a positive effect on the impermeability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Steel fibers could effectively increase the maximum radial deformation and maintain low permeability in the first stage of concrete under loads. The permeability of steel fiber reinforced concrete gradually increased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles under compressive load, while it showed the opposite trend under splitting tensile load. The reduction in concrete permeability due to steel fibers was more significant under splitting tensile load than under compressive load. Further research integrating stress-strain constitutive equations and finite element analysis is needed for engineering applications to enhance the permeability of steel fiber concrete under freeze-thaw conditions.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Karen E. Boschen, Eric W. Fish, Scott E. Parnell
Summary: Research shows that neurulation-stage alcohol exposure can lead to downregulation of the Shh pathway and disruption of primary cilia function, serving as a possible cellular mechanism of prenatal alcohol pathogenesis.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tiankuo Chu, Meng Xie, Jia Hao, Zichun Xu, Yantao Li, Daijun Yang, Bing Li, Pingwen Ming, Cunman Zhang
Summary: The durability of metal plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is a crucial factor influencing its widespread commercial application. In this study, a 1000 h durability test was conducted on a 1 kW metal plate PEMFC stack to investigate the degradation of its core components. The results revealed that the stack exhibited a voltage decay percentage of 5.67% after 1000 h of dynamic load cycles at a current density of 1000 mA cm-2. SEM analysis showed contamination on the surfaces of the metal plates due to organic matter precipitation from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Additionally, severe degradation in the MEA, including catalyst layer agglomeration, thinning, and perforation of the proton exchange membrane (PEM), were identified as the main factors contributing to the increased hydrogen crossover flow rate and performance decay of the PEMFC stack.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Beatrice Corci, Oscar Hooiveld, Amalia M. Dolga, Christoffer Aberg
Summary: The motion of molecules, organelles, and foreign objects within living cells has been studied in various organisms. This study focuses on the motion of mitochondria in mammalian cells and observes that mitochondria remain in a limited region for a long time before moving longer distances quickly. The motion of mitochondria shows glass-like characteristics, and this behavior is also observed in other objects and different cell types.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tea Jovanovic, Zeljko Penava, Zlatko Vrljicak
Summary: This study investigates the influence of elastane percentage on the elastic properties of knitted fabrics under dynamic loading. The results show that the percentage of elastane significantly affects the size of the elastic region of the fabric, but has no effect on the hysteresis index. Therefore, optimizing the elastane percentage is necessary to achieve optimal dynamic recovery and design stretchable knitted garments that fit the body well.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Augustine Cleetus, Georg Merck, Felix Mueller-Planitz, Zeynep Oktena
Summary: This article introduces the recognition and transport mechanism of cellular cargo in eukaryotic cells, and the research results of this mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans and Tetrahymena thermophila. The study found that the role of homodimeric kinesin-2 in intraflagellar transport (IFT) is more important than previously thought, and it shares the same activation mechanism in distant organisms with homodimeric kinesin-2.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Vasanthi Avadhanula, Erin G. Nicholson, Laura Ferlic-Stark, Felipe-Andres Piedra, Brittani N. Blunck, Sonia Fragoso, Nanette L. Bond, Patricia L. Santarcangelo, Xunyan Ye, Trevor J. McBride, Letisha O. Aideyan, Kirtida D. Patel, Lauren Maurer, Laura S. Angelo, Pedro A. Piedra
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with extremely high viral loads may act as superspreaders, playing a crucial role in the spread of the virus. In the second wave of the pandemic, there was an increase in weekly median viral load, with these individuals more likely to be women, outpatients, symptomatic, and have extremely high or high viral loads.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Uchechi Chibuko, Tsvetelina Merdzhanova, Daniel Weigand, Fabian Ezema, Solomon Agbo, Uwe Rau, Oleksandr Astakhov
Summary: A properly chosen PV-battery pair can maintain a high degree of internal power coupling even without MPPT electronics. In this study, a laboratory scale unit of a 7-cell silicon heterojunction PV module directly connected to a lithium-ion battery and variable load was examined. The results showed high coupling efficiencies comparable to modern MPPT devices.
Article
Thermodynamics
Weifeng Huang, Tong Niu, Caizhi Zhang, Zuhang Fu, Yuqi Zhang, Weijiang Zhou, Zehua Pan, Kaiqing Zhang
Summary: To investigate the impact of actual vehicle conditions on fuel cell durability, two representative driving cycles (urban and expressway) were selected using hierarchical clustering algorithm. Durability tests were conducted under two dynamic conditions and one steady-state condition, using a newly designed fuel cell with four modules applying different loading conditions simultaneously. Health assessment indexes such as polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltage were measured to compare the degradation of different modules accurately. Results showed that the fuel cells experienced the fastest performance degradation under urban driving cycle, followed by expressway driving cycle and then steady-state condition. A certain time threshold was observed, after which the ohmic and activation resistance increased significantly, leading to severe performance degradation caused by harsh driving conditions. Furthermore, voltage degradation was found to be faster at high currents. The voltage degradation percentages of module 1 and 2 both exceeded the threshold of 10% at 40A.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kevin Linberg, Paulina Szymoniak, Andreas Schoenhals, Franziska Emmerling, Adam A. L. Michalchuk
Summary: We demonstrate that mechanochemically driven polymorphic transformations can have significantly long induction periods, which can be adjusted by changing the energy of ball milling. The design and interpretation of ball milling experiments need to consider the unexpected kinetics arising from unique energetic phenomena in the solid state. Through detailed thermal analysis and DFT simulations, we find that these long induction periods are associated with mechanical activation processes. Additionally, we show that pre-activation of reagents can also affect the length of induction periods. This discovery opens up a new dimension for controlling polymorphic transformations in organic crystals, and we expect mechanical activation to have broader implications in organic solid-state mechanochemistry.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ramy Arnaout, Rose A. Lee, Ghee Rye Lee, Cody Callahan, Annie Cheng, Christina F. Yen, Kenneth P. Smith, Rohit Arora, James E. Kirby
Summary: This study models the relationship between the clinical sensitivity of different testing methods and their limit of detection (LoD), showing that a 10-fold increase in LoD will decrease the sensitivity of the method by approximately 13%. Therefore, the LoD of the testing method significantly impacts the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests, with methods having the highest LoDs potentially missing the majority of infected patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhanming Shi, Jiangteng Li, Ju Wang
Summary: A study was conducted on the fracture behavior and energy evolution characteristics of rock mass under the coupling action of freeze-thaw cycles and fatigue loads. The energy evolution characteristics of the sample were analyzed, and a coupled damage model was established. This study also analyzed the crack evolution process and failure mode of the sample using acoustic emission technology.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Wei, Alex J. Bott, Ahmad A. Cluntun, Jeffrey T. Morgan, Corey N. Cunningham, John C. Schell, Yeyun Ouyang, Scott B. Ficarro, Jarrod A. Marto, Nika N. Danial, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Jared Rutter
Summary: The fate of pyruvate is a defining feature in many cell types. In diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), glutamine exceeds pyruvate as a carbon source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MPC inhibition or genetic depletion decreases DLBCL proliferation in an extracellular matrix-like environment and xenografts, but not in a suspension environment. The metabolic profile of DLBCL cells in ECM is markedly different from cells in a suspension environment. The synergistic consumption and assimilation of glutamine and pyruvate enable DLBCL proliferation in an extra-cellular environment-dependent manner.
Article
Biophysics
Pattipong Wisanpitayakorn, Keith J. Mickolajczyk, William O. Hancock, Luis Vidali, Erkan Tuzel
Summary: Cytoskeletal filaments, such as microtubules and actin filaments, are crucial for maintaining the mechanical integrity of cells and their response to the environment. This study presents an alternative method for quantifying the deformations of biofilaments by measuring curvature distributions, and investigates the relationship between the apparent stiffness of filaments and the resolution and noise of the imaging system. The presented curvature analysis is more accurate than existing approaches for small data sets, and can be applied to both in vitro and in vivo filament data.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Joseph M. Cleary, Tae Kim, Annan S. Cook, Lauren A. McCormick, William O. Hancock, Luke M. Rice, Thomas Surrey
Summary: Microtubule growth rates and fluctuations are influenced by the biochemical interactions of αβ-tubulin, with slower assembly kinetics and exposure of GDP-tubulin at the growing end being important factors in regulating microtubule dynamics and determining catastrophe.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William O. Hancock
Summary: A new study explores the transport and force-generating characteristics of KIF1C, a member of the kinesin-3 motor family. It reveals that KIF1C is more capable of sustaining loads compared to its sibling KIF1A, and that patient-derived mutants display significant defects in force generation.
Article
Cell Biology
April L. Solon, Taylor M. Zaniewski, Patrick O'Brien, Martin Clasby, William O. Hancock, Ryoma Ohi
Summary: This article investigates enhancing the cytotoxicity of K5 inhibitors by inhibiting KIF15. Through high-throughput screening, they identified two inhibitors that can inhibit the motor activity of KIF15 both in vitro and in cells, while also reducing the ability of cells to acquire resistance to K5 inhibitors.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Allison M. Gicking, Tzu-Chen Ma, Qingzhou Feng, Rui Jiang, Somayesadat Badieyan, Michael A. Cianfrocco, William O. Hancock
Summary: The study shows that kinesin-2 and -3 motors, despite being more sensitive to load, can effectively resist hindering loads generated by the dynein complex under experimental conditions; the similar performance between the three kinesin transport families highlights the critical role of motor kinetics in regulating the speed and directionality of cargo transport in cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taylor M. Zaniewski, William O. Hancock
Summary: KIF1A is an essential neuronal transport motor protein in the kinesin-3 family that exhibits superprocessive motility. The superprocessivity of KIF1A dimers is determined by a unique structural domain called the 'K-loop', which enhances electrostatic interactions between the motor and the microtubule. The positive charge in loop-12 of KIF1A enhances the run length by stabilizing binding of the motor in its vulnerable one-head-bound state.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Serapion Pyrpassopoulos, Allison M. Gicking, Taylor M. Zaniewski, William O. Hancock, E. Michael Ostap
Summary: KIF1A is a highly efficient vesicle transport motor that plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Optical tweezers were used to study its ability to generate force and sustain it against hindering loads. The results showed that KIF1A exhibits higher force and attachment duration in a three-bead assay compared to a single-bead assay. It was also found that KIF1A has a faster reengagement rate with microtubules after detachment compared to KIF5B. These findings provide insights into the adaptations of KIF1A in transport under load.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Tzu-Chen Ma, Allison M. Gicking, Qingzhou Feng, William O. Hancock
Summary: This study used a stochastic stepping model to investigate the cooperation and competition of kinesin and dynein motors at the cellular level. The results showed that motor detachment events and reattachment rates have an impact on the speed and dynamics of bidirectional transport. These findings provide important hypotheses for future experiments.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Allison M. Gicking, William O. Hancock
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Zachary K. Haviland, Daguan Nong, Kate Vasquez Kuntz, Thomas J. Starr, Dengbo Ma, Ming Tien, Charles T. Anderson, William O. Hancock
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Rui Jiang, Qingzhou Feng, Daguan Nong, You Jung Kang, William O. Hancock
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Daguan Nong, Zachary K. Haviland, Mikaela Mayers, Ming Tien, Charles T. Anderson, William O. Hancock
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Joseph M. Cleary, Tae Kim, Annan (Zeke) Cook, William O. Hancock, Luke M. Rice
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Taylor M. Zaniewski, William O. Hancock
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Taylor M. Zaniewski, Miranda L. Luque, William O. Hancock
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)