Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Titus Casademont, Matthias Hort, Lea Scharff, Gerhard Peters
Summary: This article analyzes how a conventional homodyne I-channel FMCW radar can be used for a multitarget setting without the restrictions of close and slow targets. A pure data processing solution is developed to resolve the ambiguity of long-range targets, and this approach is validated through simulations and experimental results.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bo Wang, Zhi Zheng, Yong-Xin Guo
Summary: Fall accidents are a major cause of non-natural death among older people. This paper proposes a radar-based fall detection method using PCC-DT maps, which improves the detection accuracy and can detect sudden and soft fall motions with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jun Chen Ke, Jun Yan Dai, Jun Wei Zhang, Zhanye Chen, Ming Zheng Chen, Yunfeng Lu, Lei Zhang, Li Wang, Qun Yan Zhou, Long Li, Jin Shan Ding, Qiang Cheng, Tie Jun Cui
Summary: The rapid development of space-time-coding metasurfaces (STCMs) offers a new avenue to manipulate spatial electromagnetic beams, waveforms, and frequency spectra simultaneously with high efficiency. This study proposes a theoretical framework and method to generate frequency-modulated continuous waves (FMCWs) and control their spatial propagation behaviors simultaneously via a novel STCM with nonlinearly periodic phases. The experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical analyses.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Emanuele Tavanti, Ali Rizik, Alessandro Fedeli, Daniele D. Caviglia, Andrea Randazzo
Summary: This article proposes a new microwave-radar-based technique for short-range detection and classification of multiple human and vehicle targets. The approach relies on processing scattered-field data and has been validated in real experimental scenarios, demonstrating its capabilities in correctly detecting and classifying different targets. It has potential applications in security and infrastructure surveillance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kui Qu, Rongfu Zhang, Zhijun Fang
Summary: The conventional FMCW radar accuracy range detection algorithm has limitations in frequency estimation and phase evaluation, making it unsuitable for real-time motion measurement. This paper presents an analytical expression for the Fourier transform of the beat signal and proposes a corrected phase approximation for accurate displacement measurement. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lukas Piotrowsky, Simon Kueppers, Timo Jaeschke, Nils Pohl
Summary: This work presents a proof-of-concept for a linear-position sensor using millimeter-wave radar technology, which achieves environmental compensated and calibration-free distance measurements at medium range with micron accuracy and high sensitivity.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhihuo Xu, Shuaikang Xue, Yuexia Wang
Summary: This article presents a sparsity-based technique to mitigate the incoherent interference between automotive radars. It uses a low-pass filter to detect the interference envelope and restores the radar echoes using L1 norm-regularized least squares. The alternating direction method of multipliers is then applied to restore the radar echoes.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Abhishek Sharma, Jyoteesh Malhotra, Sunita Khichar, Amir Parnianifard, Sushank Chaudhary
Summary: Detecting and tracking multiple targets in real-time is a significant challenge for autonomous vehicles, especially in urban areas with unfavorable weather conditions. Photonic radars using direct detection configuration and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have been developed to address this challenge and successfully detect multiple stationary targets. Electronic equalization is utilized to mitigate the effects of atmospheric attenuation, resulting in an increase in received power and successful detection of targets even in heavy attenuation up to 75 dB/km.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lovedeep Singh, Sungjin You, Byung Jang Jeong, Chiwan Koo, Youngwook Kim
Summary: This paper proposes a method for remotely estimating a human subject's blood pressure using a millimeter-wave radar system. It investigates the use of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the area under the curve (AUC) as features to measure blood pressure. The experiment shows that artificial neural networks can accurately estimate systolic and diastolic blood pressure with low root mean square errors.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiangwen Zheng, Lijie Yang, Yaping Xie, Junjie Li, Tang Hu, Jiang Zhu, Chunyi Song, Zhiwei Xu
Summary: The proposed target detection scheme based on distributed one-dimensional CA-CFAR and ROI preprocessing significantly reduces computational complexity and improves detection performance through optimized scanning of range ROI and Doppler ROI cells.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mattia Caffa, Francesco Biletta, Riccardo Maggiora
Summary: Radars have been used in cars for advanced driving assistance systems, and the most popular waveform for automotive radar is FMCW. However, FMCW radars have limitations such as low interference resilience and limited maximum velocity. The phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW), on the other hand, offers better performance in terms of high-contrast resolution and interference mitigation. This paper presents the realization of a PMCW radar and compares its performance with an FMCW radar, showing that PMCW radars can be successfully adopted by future automotive radars.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christoph Baer, Nicholas Karsch, Robin Kaesbach, Thomas Musch
Summary: This contribution presents a single-channel radar method that utilizes frequency-coded sub-channels to achieve cross-range resolution. By using sub-channel coding, the entire area of interest can be scanned within a single radar measurement. In order to enhance the cross-range resolution, the antenna beams of the sub-channels are overlaid, resulting in multiple coding signatures. Hardware components and signal processing methods are discussed in detail. A measurement campaign confirms the high detection properties and applicability of the proposed radar method.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Junhyeong Park, Dae-Hwan Jung, Seong-Ook Park
Summary: The letter proposes a strategic decision method for selecting parameter values in heterodyne FMCW radar to achieve a low noise floor over the middle-long range. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method significantly reduces the noise floor.
MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhuofeng Wu, Haoming Liu, Chongrun Ma, Zhenyu Liu
Summary: In this article, a novel aerial target recognition method based on enhanced micro-Doppler dynamic features is proposed. The method separates the bulk Doppler interference signal using singular spectrum analysis and empirical mode decomposition, and extracts features through sliding window decomposition. Finally, a bidirectional gated recurrent unit network is used for aerial target classification based on the extracted dynamic features.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bjorn N. Moehring, Uwe Siart, Thomas F. Eibert
Summary: The reflectometer presented in this study utilizes the advantages of the FMCW radar principle to provide highly linear, broadband, and fast swept chirp pulses, with initial tests demonstrating its effectiveness, versatility, and fine ranging capabilities.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sven Thomas, Alex Shoykhetbrod, Nils Pohl
Summary: Modern radar sensors are increasingly important in industrial measurement applications, and higher frequencies are beneficial for improving measurement accuracy. This paper presents a novel concept for frequency filtering dielectric lens antennas to suppress unwanted signal components at harmonic frequencies based on interference filtering effects. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Henning Mescher, Fabian Schackmar, Robert Huber, Helge Eggers, Marcus Zuber, Elias Hamann, Georg Gramlich, Julian Dangelmaier, Qiaoshuang Zhang, Andres Georg Roesch, Thomas Zwick, Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Uli Lemmer
Summary: Perovskite-based folded X-ray detector with high sensitivity and spatial resolution is achieved through the printability of perovskite-based semiconductors. The performance of the folded detector is outstanding without the need for photolithography. The X-ray sensitivity of the folded detector reaches several hundred muC/(Gy(air)cm(2)) and a record value of 1409 muC/(Gy(air)cm(2)) at 150 kVp without photoconductive gain, demonstrating the potential for high spatial resolution.
NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Benedikt Sievert, Jonathan Wittemeier, Jan Taro Svejda, Nils Pohl, Daniel Erni, Andreas Rennings
Summary: This letter introduces miniaturized near-field probes for characterizing the electric and magnetic fields in the WR03 waveguide band on-chip. The probes are based on a commercially available coaxial cable and enable the measurement of electric and magnetic field components. The measured near fields provide insight into the chip's operation and facilitate fault detection and error source identification. Additionally, the measured electric and magnetic near fields can be used to calculate the far field of the chip antenna.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Remote Sensing
Tobias T. Braun, Jan Schoepfel, Nils Pohl
Summary: Vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, motorcyclists, and cyclists, have not benefited equally from the improved traffic safety provided by automotive sensors. In 2020, there was a significant increase in traffic fatalities for these groups. Compared to cars and buses, vulnerable road users have a lower RCS, making their detection more challenging, especially in congested city traffic. To address this issue, a harmonic radar system has been presented, which allows for tag-based detection in a separate receive channel. The system has been tested with a bicycle equipped with a tag, and the results show that even with a relatively small level of tag output power, detection is possible thanks to the clutter-free receive channel.
2023 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, RADARCONF23
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Remote Sensing
Theresa Antes, Lucas Giroto de Oliveira, Axel Diewald, Elizabeth Bekker, Akanksha Bhutani, Thomas Zwick
Summary: Gesture recognition is becoming an increasingly common way to control devices in various applications, using radar sensors for their robustness and privacy capabilities. To optimize radar parametrization for gesture recognition, it is important to understand the expected velocities. Through an investigation involving 15 defined gestures, one individually chosen movement, and 25 participants, the main dependencies for these velocities were identified, providing guidance for radar parametrization in gesture recognition applications.
2023 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, RADARCONF23
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Christian Bohn, Mehmet Kaynak, Thomas Zwick, Ahmet Cagri Ulusoy
Summary: This letter presents an analog PAM-4 combiner and driver circuit designed in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology, featuring an on-chip active balun with more than 67 GHz bandwidth. The output stage supports adjustable PAM-4 level spacing, consuming 315 mW and delivering 2 V-pp, V-diff in a 100 O load. Operation of up to 100 GBd has been verified by measured eye diagrams.
IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Akanksha Bhutani, Mehmet Kaynak, Elizabeth Bekker, Thomas Zwick
Summary: This letter presents the first 200-330 GHz SIW to GCPW transition realized in the backend of a SiGe BiCMOS process. The transition achieves a quasi-TE10 to quasi-TEM mode conversion with a highest operating frequency of 330 GHz, a largest operation bandwidth of 49%, and the smallest transition length of 99 μm for a silicon process-based SIW transition demonstrated to date. The measured S-parameters and de-embedded results show that the transition operates from 200 to 330 GHz with an average insertion loss of approximately 1.2 dB.
IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lukas Polzin, Marcel van Delden, Nils Pohl, Holger Rucker, Thomas Musch
Summary: This paper presents the simulation and measurement results of a 4/5 dual-modulus prescaler with a power consumption of 144 mW, operating from dc to 142 GHz. The prescaler is the core component of a fully programmable dual-modulus frequency divider, which is crucial for modern measurement systems.
IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Justin Romstadt, Tobias Welling, Florian Vogelsang, Muhammed Ali Yildirim, Klaus Aufinger, Nils Pohl
Summary: This paper presents a WR2.2 push-push frequency doubler using Infineon's advanced technology, achieving high working frequency and conversion gain.
2023 IEEE BICMOS AND COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, BCICTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Isabel Kraus, Herbert Knapp, Daniel Reiter, Nils Pohl
Summary: A novel concept for a highly compact and low-cost I/Q radar transceiver for Doppler radar measurements is presented. The transceiver utilizes a diode mixer approach, eliminating the need for couplers, and demonstrates excellent performance suitable for applications with low power consumption requirements.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jonathan Bott, Florian Vogelsang, Nils Pohl
Summary: This article presents the design of a phased-array chain that utilizes varactor diodes and a digital vector modulator for precise phase adjustment. The design enables coverage of a larger angular range while reducing the system size.
IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jonathan Wittemeier, Muhammed Ali Yildirim, Nils Pohl
Summary: Radar systems, especially multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, have become increasingly popular in sensing applications. This article presents a 125 GHz vector modulator (VM) circuit that can serve different functions in different systems. The VM's performance and a technique to separate coupler imperfections from S-parameter measurements are analyzed through simulations and measurements.
IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Tinti, Simon Tejero Alfageme, Sergio Duque Biarge, Nils Pohl
Summary: A polarimetric automotive radar antenna system consisting of 12 transmitters and 16 receivers, divided into ±45 degrees linearly polarized comb-line antenna arrays of 11 elements each, operating at 79GHz, has been designed and developed. The performance of the system, mounted on a 12x16 Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Radar, is presented after observing copolar and cross-polar targets.
2023 IEEE TOPICAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS, WISNET
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hakan Papurcu, Justin Romstadt, Steffen Hansen, Christian Krebs, Klaus Aufinger, Nils Pohl
Summary: This paper presents a wideband D-Band transceiver MMIC designed for an FMCW MIMO radar application. It is fabricated using Infineon's 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The MMIC has four channels and can operate as either a transmitter or a receiver. Test results show a maximum transmitted power of 4.6dBm and a harmonic rejection of 32.5 dBc at the center frequency. The receiver channel exhibits a maximum voltage gain of 26.5 dB, an input referred 1-dB compression point above -13.5 dBm, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 42 GHz.
2023 IEEE 23RD TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jan Schoepfel, Holger Ruecker, Nils Pohl
Summary: This paper presents a differential Doherty power amplifier designed for automotive applications using a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The amplifier achieves high power added efficiency at high frequencies and demonstrates, for the first time in the automotive frequency range, the impedance inversion based on transmission line.
2023 IEEE 23RD TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS
(2023)
