Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Feng Lin, Hao Ying
Summary: This article investigates the supervisory control of fuzzy discrete event systems (FDES) under partial observation. It presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a supervisor and develops an online monitoring method. By solving the fuzzy state estimation problem, the safety of the system is ensured, and the developed supervisor is least restrictive among all possible safe supervisors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yiding Ji, Xiang Yin, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: The article explores optimal mean payoff supervisory control problems on partially observed discrete event systems modeled as weighted finite-state automata. Two supervisory control problems are considered, each involving optimization and solution processes. The use of energy information states to capture system state and energy level information is proposed as a way to facilitate decision-making by the supervisor.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chanyoung Ju, Hyoung Son
Summary: The study focused on designing modular supervisory controllers for field robots in agricultural applications, utilizing a hybrid system approach combining continuous-time and discrete-event systems. By considering partial observations, only observable events could cause state changes in the controlled robots, as demonstrated in experimental results based on dynamic simulations of natural field environments.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yi Wang, Yuting Li, Zhenhua Yu, Naiqi Wu, Zhiwu Li
Summary: Resilience is a critical criterion for evaluating networked systems, including discrete-event systems (DESs). This research focuses on the supervisory control problem of a DES modeled with labeled Petri nets under malicious attacks. Attacks on systems can be classified into actuator attacks and sensor attacks which may disrupt the normal operation of the system.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Weilin Wang, Yanwei Zang, Shigemasa Takai, Lachlan L. H. Andrew, Chaohui Gong
Summary: This paper addresses the supervisory control of discrete event systems with observation delay and control delay. It extends the existing literature on networked supervisory control by considering varying upper bounds for observation delay and control delay among different event strings, as well as accommodating dynamic observation. The paper proves that satisfying both controllability and delay observability over the combined delay is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a supervisor that can deterministically achieve the desired language. Furthermore, it reduces the problems of networked supervisory control to traditional supervisory control without any delay, and applies the reduction to minimize sensor activations with control delay. The findings of this research have significant implications for the supervisory control of discrete event systems.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yiding Ji, Xiang Yin, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: This article investigates quantitative supervisory control with local mean payoff objectives on discrete event systems modeled as weighted automata. It focuses on the stability or robustness of weight flows measured by mean weights over a finite number of events. The study addresses qualitative and quantitative requirements through formulating two supervisory control problems and providing a solution based on a two-player game model.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhaocong Liu, Xiang Yin, Shaolong Shu, Feng Lin, Shaoyuan Li
Summary: This article investigates state estimation and safe controller synthesis for networked discrete-event systems, proposing a new approach for online estimation and control with control delays. It introduces a new state estimation algorithm utilizing control decision history and investigates the prediction of control delays for online control decision calculation. The proposed online supervisor is shown to be effective and safe, and is compared with a predictive supervisor in terms of language inclusion.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xiaoliang Chen, Hong Peng, Jun Wang, Fei Hao
Summary: This paper extends the formalization of vector-SNP by introducing feature vectors and proposes neuron mutual exclusion inequality constraints (NMEICS) for supervisory control. A supervisor construct algorithm based on linear algebraic calculations is established. Experimental results show successful implementation on an automated manufacturing system.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Marcos V. S. Alves, Lilian K. Carvalho, Joao Carlos Basilio
Summary: In this article, the supervisory control problem of networked discrete event systems with timing structure is studied, assuming bounded communication delays and intermittent loss of observations. An equivalent untimed model is proposed to address all possible observation delays and loss of observations, which converts the networked supervisory control problem into an equivalent range control problem. Additionally, a representation for networked supervisors is presented to handle possible loss of synchronization between event occurrence and its observation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jinglun Li, Shigemasa Takai
Summary: This article investigates the problem of synthesizing a nonblocking supervisor for nondeterministic discrete-event systems, such that the supervised system follows a given specification. The article proposes an algorithm that converts a possibly blocking supervisor to a nonblocking one by iteratively removing certain states. Additionally, the article identifies key properties for input supervisors that guarantee the maximal permissiveness of the output nonblocking supervisors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Kiam Tian Seow
Summary: This paper explores the use of linear-time temporal logic (LTL) for controlling a class of fair discrete-event systems (DESs) and introduces a new concept of DES marker-controllability to describe constant marker progress, shedding light on the coordination between event fairness and supervision in DESs. The study shows that a solution supervisor can be found through canonical LTL verification and provides three examples for illustration.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Samik Basu, Ratnesh Kumar
Summary: The study introduces a new method to address the supervisory control problem for discrete event systems (DES), by folding the control specification to generate a new mu-calculus formula for determining the supervisor, thus simplifying the control synthesis process.
IEEE-CAA JOURNAL OF AUTOMATICA SINICA
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yingying Liu, Jan Komenda, Zhiwu Li
Summary: In this paper, we investigate multi-agent discrete-event systems with partial observation. We propose a scalable supervisor that solves the problem of increasing state size and computational cost with the number of agents. By introducing sufficient conditions for safety and maximal permissiveness, we generalize our results from complete to partial observation.
IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Zhenhua Yu, Xudong Duan, Xuya Cong, Xiangning Li, Li Zheng
Summary: This article discusses the vulnerability of feedback control systems with network-connected components to cyberattacks. It proposes a defense strategy to detect actuator enablement attacks and disable controllable events to protect the system. The article also introduces algorithmic procedures to determine the system's ability to protect against damage caused by attacks and demonstrates the approach using a cargo system example.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yifan Xie, Xiang Yin, Shaoyuan Li
Summary: In this article, the enforcement of opacity via supervisory control in the context of discrete-event systems is investigated. A new approach using nondeterministic supervisors is proposed, and it is shown that nondeterministic supervisors are more powerful than deterministic supervisors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Letter
Automation & Control Systems
Xiang Yin, Stephane Lafortune
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yiding Ji, Xiang Yin, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: The article explores optimal mean payoff supervisory control problems on partially observed discrete event systems modeled as weighted finite-state automata. Two supervisory control problems are considered, each involving optimization and solution processes. The use of energy information states to capture system state and energy level information is proposed as a way to facilitate decision-making by the supervisor.
Editorial Material
Automation & Control Systems
Christoforos Hadjicostis, Stephane Lafortune
DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Sahar Mohajerani, Robi Malik, Andrew Wintenberg, Stephane Lafortune, Necmiye Ozay
Summary: This paper proposes a method for synthesising controllers for systems with possibly infinite number of states, satisfying a specification given as an LTL\degrees. formula. By using divergent stutter bisimulation to abstract the state space, a faster but coarser abstraction can be obtained, at the expense of not preserving the temporal “next” operator.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Andrew Wintenberg, Matthew Blischke, Stephane Lafortune, Necmiye Ozay
Summary: This paper provides a general framework of opacity to unify the existing notions of opacity for discrete event systems. It discusses language-based and state-based notions of opacity and presents verification methods. It also investigates the concept of K-step opacity and provides corresponding language-based verification methods.
DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Romulo Meira-Goes, Raymond H. Kwong, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: This article studies the security of control systems in the supervisory control layer of stochastic discrete-event systems, focusing on cases where communication is partially compromised by a malicious attacker. The author investigates the synthesis of attack strategies from the attacker's viewpoint in systems modeled as probabilistic automata.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yiding Ji, Xiang Yin, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: This article investigates quantitative supervisory control with local mean payoff objectives on discrete event systems modeled as weighted automata. It focuses on the stability or robustness of weight flows measured by mean weights over a finite number of events. The study addresses qualitative and quantitative requirements through formulating two supervisory control problems and providing a solution based on a two-player game model.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Romulo Meira-Goes, Jack Weitze, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: This article focuses on synthesizing a partial observation supervisor for a discrete-event system and introduces a compact and uniform approach. By defining a compact all enforcement structure (AES), it is possible to efficiently synthesize property-enforcing supervisors, as demonstrated by the experimental results.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Shoma Matsui, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: This research focuses on the vulnerability of communication protocols in distributed systems and proposes a formal synthesis methodology for successful attacks against two well-known protocols. The approach considers the attacker's partial observability and controllability of system events and employs supervisory control theory for discrete event systems. The study presents several scenarios of person-in-the-middle attacks and showcases the results of attack synthesis using the proposed methodology.
DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Romulo Meira-Goes, Herve Marchand, Stephane Lafortune
Summary: This study focuses on feedback control systems in which sensor readings and actuator commands may be compromised by attackers. The problem is studied at the supervisory layer of the control system using discrete event systems techniques. The goal is to synthesize a supervisor that can withstand a wide range of edit attacks and ensure system safety.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Romulo Meira-Goes, Eunsuk Kang, Stephane Lafortune, Stavros Tripakis
Summary: This paper proposes an approach for analyzing the tolerance of discrete-state control systems to environmental perturbations and investigates the behavior of the system when the environment is disturbed. The study reveals an inherent trade-off between permissiveness and tolerance.
DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Andrew Wintenberg, Stephane Lafortune, Necmiye Ozay
Summary: Opacity is a property that protects privacy by preventing observers from inferring a system's dynamics. We propose a new notion called bounded memory opacity, which addresses the challenge of verifying opacity when an observer has limited memory. We show that verifying this weaker notion has reduced computational complexity compared to general opacity. Additionally, we present a verification algorithm using Boolean satisfiability problem encoding, and demonstrate its effectiveness on randomly generated automata and a Web server load-hiding example.
IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS LETTERS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Christoforos N. Hadjicostis, Stephane Lafortune, Feng Lin, Rong Su
Summary: This tutorial paper investigates the impact of deception attacks on compromised sensors and actuators at the supervisory control layer. It analyzes robust estimation and diagnosis in the presence of sensor attacks, formulates the problem of synthesizing covert attacks, discusses resilient supervisors in a general attack model, and studies supervisors resilient to covert attacks on sensors and actuators.
2022 IEEE 61ST CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Romulo Meira-Goes, Eunsuk Kang, Stephane Lafortune, Stavros Tripakis
Summary: We propose an approach for analyzing discrete-state systems with respect to their permissiveness and tolerance against environmental perturbations using Pareto optimality conditions. We investigate the trade-off between permissiveness and tolerance by defining Pareto optimality and show that memoryless controllers are sufficient for capturing the Pareto front. We also study the synthesis of Pareto optimal controllers that achieve a minimum level of tolerance and permissiveness.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Information Systems
Andrew Wintenberg, Matthew Blischke, Stephane Lafortune, Necmiye Ozay
Summary: Obfuscation is a technique used in dynamic systems to ensure private and secure communication in networks vulnerable to eavesdroppers. This article proposes a new framework for obfuscation that includes an inference interface for intended recipients to interpret the obfuscated information. The security of the obfuscation is modeled using opacity, a formal notion of plausible deniability. The article demonstrates the application of this approach in enforcing privacy while maintaining utility in a contact tracing model.
2022 13TH ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (ICCPS 2022)
(2022)
