Optimizing Multipath Routing With Guaranteed Fault Tolerance in Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoTs) refers to the rapidly growing network of connected objects and people that are able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors. To guarantee the connectivity among these objects and people, fault tolerance routing has to be significantly considered. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired particle multi-swarm optimization (PMSO) routing algorithm to construct, recover, and select k-disjoint paths that tolerates the failure while satisfying the quality of service parameters. Multi-swarm strategy enables determining the optimal directions in selecting the multipath routing while exchanging messages from all positions in the network. The validity of the proposed algorithm is assessed and results demonstrate high-quality solutions compared with the canonical particle swarm optimization (CPSO). Our results indicate the superiority of the multi-swarm and fully PMSO with constriction coefficient, which record an average improvement over CPSO equal to 88.45% in terms of sensors' count, and 89.15% and 86.51% under the ring and mesh topologies, respectively.