Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuyi Wu, Wenlin Xu, Chengfu Guan, Meina Lv, Shaojun Jiang, Jinhua Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the global burden of metabolic-attributed cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its association with socioeconomic development status over the past 30 years. The study found that the overall burden of metabolic-attributed CVD has decreased, but it still poses a threat in low-SDI locations and among the elderly. Therefore, low-SDI locations should strengthen the control of metabolic factors, and countries and regions should enhance screening and prevention of metabolic risk factors in the elderly.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David A. Holcomb, Vanessa Monteiro, Drew Capone, Virgilio Antonio, Marcia Chiluvane, Victoria Cumbane, Nalia Ismael, Jackie Knee, Erin Kowalsky, Amanda Lai, Yarrow Linden, Elly Mataveia, Rassul Nala, Gouthami Rao, Jorge Ribeiro, Oliver Cumming, Edna Viegas, Joe Brown
Summary: This study examines the health impacts of an onsite sanitation intervention after 5 years among children born into study households in Maputo, Mozambique. Significant reductions in Shigella and Trichuris prevalence were found among children born after the intervention. The study also evaluates other pathogen detection prevalence and environmental exposures, as well as monitoring disease transmission.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Olivia Ginn, Lucas Rocha-Melogno, Aaron Bivins, Sarah Lowry, Maria Cardelino, Dennis Nichols, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Freddy Soria, Marcos Andrade, Mike Bergin, Marc A. Deshusses, Joe Brown
Summary: Urban sanitation infrastructure is inadequate in many low-income countries, leading to the presence of highly concentrated, uncontained fecal waste streams in densely populated areas. The study detected and quantified enteric pathogen-associated gene targets in aerosol samples near open wastewater canals in La Paz and Kanpur, with higher frequencies and densities of all enteric targets detected near the canals.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Adedayo Ayodeji Lanrewaju, Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami, Saheed Sabiu, Joshua Nosa Edokpayi, Feroz Mahomed Swalaha
Summary: This review highlights the importance of enteric viruses in public health and the diseases associated with human exposure to these viruses. It also discusses the assessment of enteric viruses in contaminated water and their removal methods in water and wastewater sources. The regular viral monitoring of treated wastewater before discharge and the need for research on holistic disinfection methods without mutagenic and carcinogenic potential are emphasized.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Olivia Ginn, Sarah Lowry, Joe Brown
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the measurement of enteric microbiota, including enteric pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), in outdoor aerosols in urban settings. The findings indicate the presence of enteric microbes and ARGs in outdoor aerosols, primarily measured through relative abundance. However, there are gaps in understanding the fate and transport of enteric-associated outdoor aerosols.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angel L. Robles-Fernandez, Diego Santiago-Alarcon, Andres Lira-Noriega
Summary: Machine learning analysis of the influence of geographic, environmental, and phylogenetic factors on multihost pathogen assemblages can provide reliable predictions of global spatial susceptibility, aiding in decision-making for surveillance and field efforts with limited resources.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ngan Thi Do, Konnie Bellingham, Paul N. Newton, Celine Caillet
Summary: High-quality cardiovascular medicines and devices play a crucial role in preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases globally. However, the extent and impact of substandard and falsified (SF) cardiovascular medical products are poorly understood. Research on SF cardiovascular products highlights potential serious public health concerns, with common issues including out-of-specification active ingredients, impurities, and impaired dissolution.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nina H. Fefferman, Charles A. Price, Oliver C. Stringham
Summary: The recognition of the significance of ecological principles in infectious disease dynamics has sparked a revival in epidemiological theory. Ecological succession theory has started to influence our understanding of the relationship between the individual microbiome and health, but it has not yet been applied to investigate broader population-level epidemiological dynamics. This study demonstrates that ecological characteristics of pathogens and parasites, rather than solely epidemiological features, are likely to have a meaningful impact on the age at which individuals are most susceptible to infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hayley Ashbaugh, Connor D. Pomeroy, Mona Baishya, Kathleen Creppage, Sara Bazaco, Myles Johnson, Kenji Matsumoto, Upendra Bhattarai, Nicholas Seliga, Paul Graf, Uzo Chukwuma
Summary: This study revealed inconsistent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for enteric pathogens within the Military Health System (MHS), with differing trends between locations within the Continental United States (CONUS) and outside of the Continental United States (OCONUS). Further research is needed to assess gaps in testing and reporting for each pathogen and develop optimal surveillance methods to support the health of the military force.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anna Tolboll Svendsen, Hans Linde Nielsen, Peter Bytzer, John Eugenio Coia, Jorgen Engberg, Hanne Marie Holt, Lars Lemming, Steen Lomborg, Ea Sofie Marmolin, Bente Scharvik Olesen, Leif Percival Andersen, Steen Ethelberg, Anne Line Engsbro
Summary: In Denmark, bacterial infections are the most common, with viral agents primarily detected in extremes of ages and few intestinal protozoal infections. Incidence rates are influenced by age, clinical setting, and local test methods, with PCR testing resulting in higher detection rates.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ann M. Weber, Ribhav Gupta, Safa Abdalla, Beniamino Cislaghi, Valerie Meausoone, Gary L. Darmstadt
Summary: Global surveys have gender-related biases due to missing data, incomplete representation of population groups, and biased ways of using gender information. While efforts are being made to integrate sex-disaggregated statistics into national programs, there is still a lack of data to understand gender disparities and design effective intervention programs. Approaches such as separating gender identification from biological sex, using qualitative research to rephrase questions, and learning from non-health disciplines can help address these challenges. Collaboration across disciplines is essential to advance the field and establish standards for measuring gender in all its forms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cecil M. Lewis Jr, Mercy Y. Akinyi, Sharon N. DeWitte, Anne C. Stone
Summary: By studying the genomes of ancient pathogens and microbiomes, this perspective explores the patterns of infectious diseases throughout the Holocene and investigates how the transition to and intensification of farming have influenced pathogens and their distributions. The findings from ancient DNA research, combined with archaeological and historical data, provide valuable insights into pathogen evolution and offer a contextual understanding of health in the past. These findings are relevant for contemporary challenges, such as the emergence of novel pathogens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. H. B. Hansen, C. Lauridsen, B. Nielsen, L. Jorgensen, N. Canibe
Summary: This study investigated the effects of early probiotic inoculation on immune parameters and ETEC F18 challenge in suckling piglets. The results showed that early probiotic inoculation improved the piglets' response to pathogen challenge and facilitated faster clearance of ETEC.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meng Yang, Juan Du, Hui Lu, Feiyan Xiang, Hong Mei, Han Xiao
Summary: This study describes the trends of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in different age groups and regions from 1990 to 2019. Globally, the number of cases and deaths from cervical cancer were increasing, with China, India, and Brazil reporting the highest numbers. While the overall age-standardised incidence and mortality rates have declined, an increasing or stable trend was observed in East Asia and Southern sub-Saharan Africa.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ana Pilar Betran, Jiangfeng Ye, Ann-Beth Moller, Joao Paulo Souza, Jun Zhang
Summary: The global cesarean section rate has been steadily increasing since 1990, with projections showing continued rise by 2030. Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are expected to face a complex scenario involving unmet need, overuse, resource drainage, and avoidable morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive action is needed to address this global priority in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Innocent K. Tumwebaze, Joan B. Rose, Nynke Hofstra, Matthew E. Verbyla, Isaac Musaazi, Daniel A. Okaali, Rose C. Kaggwa, Irene Nansubuga, Heather M. Murphy
JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dana Macfarlane, Frank Nelson, Matthew B. Hudson, Heather Murphy
ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Heather M. Murphy, Shannon McGinnis, Ryan Blunt, Joel Stokdyk, Jingwei Wu, Alexander Cagle, Donna M. Denno, Susan Spencer, Aaron Firnstahl, Mark A. Borchardt
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Aaron Bivins, Sarah Lowry, Heather M. Murphy, Mark Borchardt, Rachel Coyte, Pawan Labhasetwar, Joe Brown
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alexis L. Mraz, Innocent K. Tumwebaze, Shane R. McLoughlin, Megan E. McCarthy, Matthew E. Verbyla, Nynke Hofstra, Joan B. Rose, Heather M. Murphy
Summary: The commentary emphasizes the importance of considering pathogens rather than relying solely on indicator organisms for decision-making in water and sanitation. They use quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to illustrate the higher risk of infection when considering pathogens compared to indicator species data in scenarios such as chlorination of drinking water and land application of latrine waste. This highlights the inadequacy of relying solely on indicators when aiming to achieve the targets of safely managed water and sanitation services under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Aaron Bivins, Sarah Lowry, Sonal Wankhede, Rajashree Hajare, Heather M. Murphy, Mark Borchardt, Pawan Labhasetwar, Joe Brown
Summary: The study revealed that nearly half a billion people in Indian cities receive drinking water from an intermittent water supply, which can lead to degraded water quality and increased risk of waterborne diseases. Additionally, the transition from intermittent to continuous water supply in Nagpur has shown significant improvements in microbial water quality.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Warish Ahmed, Stuart L. Simpson, Paul M. Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda L. Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil M. Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas H. Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John F. Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles N. Haas, Kerry A. Hamilton, Hapuarachchige Chandithal Hapuarachchi, Valerie J. Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart J. Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe A. Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra L. McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim G. Meijer, Jochen F. Mueller, Heather Murphy, Coleen C. Naughton, Rachel T. Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica B. Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando A. Roman, Joan B. Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael J. Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra P. Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua A. Steele, Rosalie Subburg, Erin M. Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy S. Whiteley, Judith Chui Ching Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity G. Zimmer-Faust, Orin C. Shanks
Summary: Monitoring pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater using RT-PCR is effective for public health information, but there is a lack of standardized protocols for wastewater surveillance. Key strategies for improving accuracy include QA/QC measures, representative sampling, virus concentration, and clear data interpretation guidelines.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daniel A. Okaali, Carolien Kroeze, Gertjan Medema, Peter Burek, Heather Murphy, Innocent K. Tumwebaze, Joan B. Rose, Matthew E. Verbyla, Sowed Sewagudde, Nynke Hofstra
Summary: This study investigates the impact of fecal pathogens on surface water sanitation, considering factors such as future population growth, urbanization, and climate change, providing a model for simulating rotavirus river inputs and concentrations in Uganda. The results indicate that urban sanitation conditions are a key factor influencing rotavirus concentrations.
Article
Microbiology
Debbie Lee, Gennaro Calendo, Kristin Kopec, Rebekah Henry, Scott Coutts, David McCarthy, Heather M. Murphy
Summary: The study found that pipe material has an impact on the diversity, bacterial composition, and prevalence of opportunistic pathogens in biofilm of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS).
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shannon M. McGinnis, Tucker Burch, Heather M. Murphy
Summary: This study used quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to estimate the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) due to recreation during combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The results showed that recreating < 24 h after a CSO increased AGI risk, and even some scenarios > 24 h after a CSO still had high health risks.
MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Jemaneh Habtewold, David McCarthy, Edward McBean, Ilya Law, Larry Goodridge, Marc Habash, Heather M. Murphy
Summary: Three field experiments were conducted in Ontario, Canada to study wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 using passive samplers. Membrane filters were found to linearly accumulate the virus up to 48 hours, making them a cost-effective option for detecting virus levels in wastewater for up to two days.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Debbie Lee, Donna Denno, Phillip Tarr, Jingwei Wu, Joel P. Stokdyk, Mark Borchardt, Heather M. Murphy
Summary: This study aims to estimate the burden of disease caused by drinking water from private wells. The trial enrolls 908 families in Pennsylvania, USA, and tests whether treating well water with an ultraviolet light device reduces the incidence of gastrointestinal illness in children under 5 years old. Families will report symptoms of illness and submit water and biological samples for analysis.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Innocent K. Tumwebaze, Joan B. Rose, Nynke Hofstra, Matthew E. Verbyla, Daniel A. Okaali, Panagis Katsivelis, Heather M. Murphy
Summary: Simplifying tools, creating a supportive environment, and close collaboration with stakeholders are key to developing sanitation decision support tools.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Debbie Lee, Heather M. Murphy
CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Deirdre Dingman, Jingwei Wu, Heather M. Murphy
EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING
(2020)