Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nahla Al-Bayyari, Hayder Al-Domi, Faheem Zayed, Ra'ed Hailat, Arieanna Eaton
Summary: The study demonstrated that weekly treatment with 50,000 IU of vitamin D-3 can improve 25(OH)D levels and decrease hirsutism scores and androgen levels in overweight women with PCOS. These results may lead to increased fertility and better reproductive health for these patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tarun Jain, Olivia Negris, Dannielle Brown, Isabel Galic, Rodion Salimgaraev, Liudmila Zhaunova
Summary: This study used Flo app technology to analyze PCOS cases from 142 countries, finding bloating to be the most common symptom among PCOS patients and a main predictor of PCOS. High blood cholesterol and glucose levels were also top predictors. As BMI increased, the percentage of women reporting a physician-diagnosed PCOS also increased, except for women in India.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Klara Beitl, Didier Dewailly, Rudolf Seemann, Marlene Hager, Jakob Buenker, Daniel Mayrhofer, Iris Holzer, Johannes Ott
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) are the two most frequent causes of secondary amenorrhea, and distinguishing between them remains challenging. A retrospective case-control study found significant differences in hormone levels and protein binding globulin between PCOS-D patients and FHA-PCOM patients. The authors proposed a model including serological parameters as a reliable tool to distinguish between the two conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, M. Angeles Martinez-Garcia, Maria Insenser, Nicolau Canellas, Xavier Correig, Manuel Luque-Ramirez
Summary: Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics profiling, we found that androgen excess in women with PCOS induces masculinization of intermediate metabolism, which is also modulated by obesity.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Afrin Yasmin, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Arun Paul Choudhury, A. B. Fuzayel Ahmed, Sulagna Dutta, Filomena Mottola, Vivek Verma, Jogen C. Kalita, Dhruv Kumar, Pallav Sengupta, Adriana Kolesarova
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine reproductive system condition in women of childbearing age, characterized by hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea. PCOS is associated with various side effects, including type 2 diabetes, early atherosclerosis, infertility, and endometrial cancer. The prevalence of PCOS varies significantly due to factors such as diagnostic criteria, racial and ethnic differences, associated lifestyle factors, and related illnesses.
Article
Surgery
Mohit Bhandari, Susmit Kosta, Mahak Bhandari, Manoj Reddy, Winni Mathur, Mahendra Gupta
Summary: Bariatric surgery is a good option for women with obesity and PCOS. It effectively reduces weight and improves disorders such as hirsutism and menstrual irregularity associated with obesity and PCOS.
Article
Biology
Angelo Ascani, Sara Torstensson, Sanjiv Risal, Haojiang Lu, Gustaw Eriksson, Congru Li, Sabrina Teschl, Joana Menezes, Katalin Sandor, Claes Ohlsson, Camilla I. Svensson, Mikael C. I. Karlsson, Martin Helmut Stradner, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Elisabet Stener-Victorin
Summary: This study found that variations in B cell numbers are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but B cells are not central mediators of PCOS pathology. Hyperandrogenic women with PCOS have increased frequencies of specific types of B cells and higher levels of circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM), but transferring their serum to mice only leads to weight gain. Further experiments demonstrated that co-treatment with an androgen receptor antagonist can prevent PCOS-like phenotypes and alterations of B cell frequencies induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in wild-type mice. B cell-deficient mice exposed to DHT still develop PCOS-like phenotypes.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yelda A. Leal, Minkyo Song, Jovanny Zabaleta, Gilberto Medina-Escobedo, Patrick Caron, Aurelio Lopez-Colombo, Chantal Guillemette, M. Constanza Camargo
Summary: The study suggests that higher levels of circulating DHEA may be associated with a lower risk of noncardia gastric cancer, while estradiol and testosterone levels were not significantly linked to gastric cancer. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the temporality of this association and the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Robin J. Bell, Rakibul M. Islam, Marina A. Skiba, Dilinie Herbert, Alejandra Martinez Garcia, Susan R. Davis
Summary: Although serum AMH can reflect the number of developing ovarian follicles, using it as a proxy for PCOM in diagnosing PCOS can lead to reclassification of some women, with more women being identified as having PCOS, while some are no longer classified as such.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sania Shabbir, Emaan Khurram, Vedhika Sathya Moorthi, Youssef Tamer Hassan Eissa, Mohammad Azhar Kamal, Alexandra E. Butler
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a genetic disorder with a complex etiology. It is primarily characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, which lead to physiological dysfunctions and chronic inflammation. This review paper explores the relationship between androgens, the immune response, and their contribution to PCOS.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephane Connan-Perrot, Thibaut Leger, Pauline Lelandais, Christele Desdoits-Lethimonier, Arthur David, Paul A. Fowler, Severine Mazaud-Guittot
Summary: Human fetal gonads acquire steroidogenic capabilities early in their differentiation, which play a central role in sexually dimorphic development of external genitalia. Technological advances have improved understanding of steroidogenesis, with various techniques providing complementary information for generating robust data on steroid hormones and their roles in fetal development and functions. The debate on choosing between available technologies should focus on maximizing reproducibility and sensitivity while implementing quality controls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marlene Hager, Didier Dewailly, Rodrig Marculescu, Stefan Ghobrial, John Preston Parry, Johannes Ott
Summary: In a retrospective cohort study, it was found that women with stress-induced functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) have a higher prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) compared to women with exercise-induced FHA. The stress group also exhibited higher levels of prolactin and a trend towards higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS). This suggests that the well-known stress sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may explain their propensity to develop FHA and the high prevalence of PCOM in FHA women.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maya Barsky, Jamie Merkison, Pardis Hosseinzadeh, Liubin Yang, Janet Bruno-Gaston, Jay Dunn, William Gibbons, Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common form of anovulatory infertility with a strong hereditary component. Research indicates that excessive prenatal androgens can affect ovarian development by altering gene expression and mitochondrial function. This programming may begin at birth and is influenced by androgens in utero.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi, Frederick C. W. Wu
Summary: This narrative review provides an overview of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the decline in testosterone levels in men associated with aging. The condition, commonly referred to as late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), is more appropriately termed functional hypogonadism (FH) as it is often caused by factors other than chronological aging, such as obesity and other comorbidities. Unlike classical organic hypogonadism, FH does not involve anatomical or genetic abnormalities and the suppression of testosterone is milder. Furthermore, FH can be reversible if the underlying cause, such as obesity or chronic disease, is treated. The diagnosis of FH is based on low serum total testosterone levels and specific hypogonadism-associated symptoms, primarily sexual symptoms. When testosterone concentrations are borderline, the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved by assessing free or calculated free testosterone, especially when sex hormone-binding globulin levels are likely suppressed due to obesity. Current data indicate that FH, characterized by low testosterone levels and sexual symptoms, is not a common condition and is present in approximately 2% of community-dwelling men aged 40 to 80 years.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marie M. Devillers, Charlotte M. Francois, Melanie Chester, Raphael Corre, Victoria Cluzet, Frank Giton, Joelle Cohen-Tannoudji, Celine J. Guigon
Summary: In females, androgens play a role not only in ovarian diseases such as PCOS, but also in the regulation of follicular growth and E2 synthesis during reproductive life, in interaction with LH and FSH. During mini-puberty, a phase of postnatal development with active follicular growth and high E2 levels, it has been found that testosterone production and androgen receptor expression in growing follicles are under the control of LH. Blocking androgen receptor signaling in mini-pubertal ovaries inhibits prepubertal E2 synthesis and follicular growth, suggesting that AR signaling is already activated in mini-pubertal ovaries to regulate ovarian function.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Araujo-Castro, Gregori Casals, Felicia A. Hanzu, Eider Pascual-Corrales, Ana M. Garcia Cano, Val F. Lanza, Angel Luis del Rey Mejias, Marta Marchan, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, Pablo Valderrabano
Summary: The study found that patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAIs) have a decrease in androgen metabolite excretion and an increase in urinary free cortisol excretion. Patients with autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) have a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, and lower excretion of androgen metabolites.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Araujo-Castro, Ana M. Garcia Cano, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, Pablo Valderrabano
Summary: This study aimed to develop a predictive model to stratify patients with non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas based on their risk of developing autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) during follow-up. The baseline post-DST serum cortisol levels were found to be the most important factor for the development of ACS.
HORMONES-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Luz Divina Juez, Pablo Priego, Mariam Bajawi, Marta Cuadrado, Luis A. Blazquez, Silvia Sanchez-Picot, Julio Galindo, Javier Blazquez, Jose Maria Fernandez-Cebrian, Jose Botella-Carretero
Summary: This study found that sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a risk factor for severe postoperative complications and worse long-term oncological outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Marta Cuadrado Ayuso, Pablo Priego Jimenez, Pilar Cobeta Orduna, Jose Ignacio Botella Carretero, Julio Galindo Alvarez
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lia Nattero-Chavez, Maria Insenser, Alejandra Quintero Tobar, Elena Fernandez-Duran, Beatriz Dorado Avendano, Tom Fiers, Jean-Marc Kaufman, Manuel Luque-Ramirez, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sex and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. The results showed that women over 50 years old had twice the probability of developing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared to younger women, and women had more severe cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy than men. Additionally, menopause was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in women.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lia Nattero-Chavez, Ane Bayona Cebada, Elena Fernandez-Duran, Alejandra Quintero Tobar, Beatriz Dorado Avendano, Hector Escobar-Morreale, Manuel Luque-Ramirez
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of arterial stiffness on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). It was found that the presence of arterial stiffness did not cause abnormalities in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure. A1c levels were identified as an important predictor of nighttime decrease in mean blood pressure.
DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lia Nattero-Chavez, Edurne Lecumberri Pascual, Esther De La Calle, Ane Bayona Cebada, Teresa Ruiz, Alejandra Quintero Tobar, Mar Lorenzo, Cristina Sanchez, Ana Izquierdo, Manuel Luque-Ramirez, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale
Summary: The efficacy of an advance closed-loop (AHCL) system in restoring awareness of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was evaluated. The results showed that the AHCL system had significant effectiveness in improving hypoglycemic awareness and metabolic control.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
M. Insenser, A. Quintero, S. de Lope, F. Alvarez-Blasco, M. A. Martinez-Garcia, M. Luque-Ramirez, H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Summary: This research found that the expression of miR-142-3p and miR-598-3p, which are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), differs significantly between women with PCOS and those without. These circulating miRNAs, when combined with easily available measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and circulating LH-to-FSH (LH/FSH) ratios, can effectively distinguish between women with and without PCOS.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Mercedes Millan-de-Meer, Manuel Luque-Ramirez, Lia Nattero-Chavez, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale
Summary: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on the consequences of PCOS during the late reproductive years and after menopause. The study found that women with PCOS in peri- and postmenopause presented increased levels of testosterone and androgens, as well as decreased levels of sex hormone-binding globulin. They also had higher measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and risk for diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, they had lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides. Although myocardial infarction and stroke were more prevalent in women with PCOS, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, breast cancer, and age at menopause were similar between patients and controls. The study highlights the persistence of hyperandrogenism and the importance of addressing the comorbidity of weight excess in women with PCOS.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, M. Angeles Martinez-Garcia, Maria Insenser, Nicolau Canellas, Xavier Correig, Manuel Luque-Ramirez
Summary: Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics profiling, we found that androgen excess in women with PCOS induces masculinization of intermediate metabolism, which is also modulated by obesity.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hector F. Escobar-morreale, Maria Angeles Martinez-garcia, Maria Insenser, Nicolau Canellas, Xavier Correig, Manuel Luque-ramirez
Summary: This study used 1H-NMRS metabolomics profiling to explore the intermediate metabolism after a meal in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and men. The results showed that postprandial metabolomic profiles were mainly influenced by insulin effects, with obesity and PCOS also affecting postprandial metabolism.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gregori Casals, Roser Ferrer Costa, Eulalia Urgell Rull, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, Jesus Argente, Gemma Sesmilo, Betina Biagetti
Summary: Accurate measurement of sex steroids is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of various conditions, but current chemiluminescent immunoassays have limitations. This review examines clinical assays for estradiol and testosterone measurements and their potential impact. It also provides recommendations for introducing mass spectrometry analysis into national health systems.
ENDOCRINOLOGIA DIABETES Y NUTRICION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Araujo-Castro, Felicia A. Hanzu, Eider Pascual-Corrales, Ana Garcia M. Cano, Marta Marchan, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, Pablo Valderrabano, Gregori Casals
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the reliability of the 1mg-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a marker for glucocorticoid excess and cardiometabolic risk in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). The urinary steroid profile (USP) was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results showed a positive yet modest correlation between post-DST cortisol and total excretion of glucocorticoid metabolites, and the diagnostic accuracy of the DST for predicting ACS-related comorbidities improved when combined with other markers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Noemi Brox-Torrecilla, Ana M. Garcia Cano, Pablo Valderrabano, Alejandra Quintero Tobar, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, Marta Araujo-Castro
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI) or adrenal incidentalomas (AI) with autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS). The results showed no differences in the prevalence or incidence of type 2 diabetes between the groups, but patients with ACS had higher fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. Diabetic patients also had higher urinary and salivary cortisol levels.