Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liqiang Xu, Baojun Zhao
Summary: Tungsten is extracted from tungsten ores using a hydrometallurgical process. However, as the grade of tungsten ore decreases, it has become more challenging to produce high-grade concentrates suitable for this process. Therefore, a new technology for recovering tungsten from low-grade ores is desired. A study on pyrometallurgical processing of wolframite was conducted, where it was reacted with Na2CO3 and SiO2 and then leached to obtain a sodium tungstate solution. Factors affecting the extraction rate of tungsten were investigated, with Na2O content, SiO2 addition, and temperature being found to influence the rate.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Karen M. Ceron, Daniela Arias-Madrid, Jaime Gallego, Oscar E. Medina, Lidia E. Chinchilla, Farid B. Cortes, Camilo A. Franco
Summary: In this study, supported tungsten oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and evaluated for their performance in wet in situ combustion of n-C-7 asphaltenes. The results showed that these nanoparticles improved the decomposition of asphaltenes by reducing the decomposition temperature. The synthesis parameters, such as temperature and impregnation dosage, played an important role in the adsorptive and catalytic activity of the materials. The catalyzed decomposition of asphaltenes resulted in an increase in light hydrocarbons and hydrogen content.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Qinghua Zhang, Xiaoli Xi, Liwen Zhang, Zuoren Nie
Summary: This paper presents a novel method for rapid reconstruction of tungsten carbide (WC) using Na2CO3-containing molten salt. Experimental results show that the addition of Na2CO3 significantly enhances the dissolution efficiency of WC and transforms tungsten (W) into WC through a reduction process.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Piotr Zbies, Pawel Rutkowski, Dariusz Kata, Radostaw Lach
Summary: This study investigates the influence of increasing the milling time on boron carbide sintering using a high-energetic rotaryvibratory mill and WC-Co balls. The content of tungsten boride phase increases with prolonged milling time, affecting the onset and end process temperature of sintering. The impact of WC contamination on boron carbide laser sintering process was also analyzed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengfei Zhou, Yong Pan, Beilei Yuan, Jiyuan Zhou, Juncheng Jiang
Summary: This study systematically evaluated the in vivo pulmonary toxic effects of nano-tungsten carbide in rats and found that the lung was the target organ for nano-WC toxicity. The abnormal increases in tungsten ion concentrations in the liver and kidney may be related to immune damage. These findings provide a theoretical basis and data support for the assessment of health hazards associated with nano-WC and guidance for the safe use of nanomaterials.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Shiv Bolan, Hasintha Wijesekara, Achali Ireshika, Tao Zhang, Mingjun Pu, Gianniantonio Petruzzelli, Francesca Pedron, Deyi Hou, Liuwei Wang, Sarah Zhou, Hoachen Zhao, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Hailong Wang, Jorg Rinklebe, M. B. Kirkham, Nanthi Bolan
Summary: This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on tungsten pollution in complex environmental settings, including its behavior in soil and water, environmental and human health hazards, and remediation strategies. Tungsten is a rare element used in many alloys with wide industrial applications. However, tungsten alloys and their particles have been recently identified as potentially carcinogenic and harmful to animals and humans.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aljaz Ivekovic, Matej Kocen, Petra Jenus, Anze Abram, Crtomir Donik, Sasa Novak
Summary: Combining a stable, resilient W-W2C or WC as plasma-facing material, with thermally more conductive and ductile W as a structural material, may provide a solution for the demanding environment in the fusion reactor chamber. The phase composition and thermal stability of such layered composite need to be evaluated for structural stability. In situ densification and joining of W and W-xWC materials have been performed by field-assisted sintering technique, showing stable microstructures after thermal ageing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jenus, A. Abram, S. Novak, M. Kelemen, M. Pecovnik, T. Schwarz-Selinger, S. Markelj
Summary: The research on the selection of suitable materials for the EU DEMO divertor is still ongoing, with a focus on tungsten-based materials for plasma-facing applications. The impact of carbon in the form of carbide or free carbon on deuterium (D) retention was examined to verify the suitability of tungsten carbide-containing materials. The study demonstrated that the composition of materials plays a crucial role in D retention, accompanied by the formation of blisters and pillars.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ming Feng, Li-wen Zhang, Xiao-li Xi, Zuo-ren Nie
Summary: The electrochemical behaviors of tungsten ions from the electrochemical dissolution of tungsten carbide and NaCl-KCl-2 wt% Na2WO4 melt were compared to determine the coordination form of tungsten ions. It was found that tungsten ions in the molten salt after tungsten carbide electrolysis were simple ions without coordinating anions. These findings are important for developing methods to determine the dynamics, thermodynamic properties, and coordination forms of metal ions.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Aida Najmi Azar, Leila Nikzad, Azam Moosavi
Summary: The study investigated the impact of nickel and alumina binders on the sintering behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of WC-based cermets consolidated using the spark plasma sintering method. The results showed that with nickel addition and partial microstructure replacement, sintering temperature decreased, relative density increased, and improved mechanical properties were achieved, with WC-3wt%Ni-3wt% Al2O3 cermet exhibiting the best performance.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Ayman Yousef, Ahmed F. F. Abouatia, Nasser Zouli, Mohamed Hassan, Mubarak A. Eldoma, Haitham M. Hadidi, Sahar Sallam, Ibrahim M. Maafa
Summary: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising electrochemical water desalination technology, and the incorporation of tungsten carbide with activated carbon was found to enhance the electrochemical and electrosorption activity, making it a promising candidate for water desalination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Peng Wei, Xueping Sun, Minhui Wang, Jiahao Xu, Zhimin He, Xiaogang Li, Fangyuan Cheng, Yue Xu, Qing Li, Jiantao Han, Hui Yang, Yunhui Huang
Summary: A novel heterostructure composed of W2C and WP embedded in nitrogen-decorated carbon (W2C/WP@NC) was constructed as an efficient HER electrocatalyst in this study, demonstrating remarkable electrocatalytic activity and durability in both acidic and basic conditions. Moreover, as the cathode in overall water-splitting, the W2C/WP@NC catalyst showed high current density and maintained long durability with a low cell voltage of less than 1.723 V for over 12 hours.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Pei Zhang, Junzhuo Wang, Lianjun Wang, Jianlin Li, Wan Jiang
Summary: Dense tungsten carbide (WC) bulks with a density of 98.1% were successfully prepared by spark plasmas sintering via self-densification reaction of nanodiamond with tungsten at 1700 degrees C. This method has significant advantages over conventional methods and provides a new insight into the preparation of dense bulks of other metal carbides.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianping Zhu, Haibo Wu, Kaige Gui, Zhirong Li, Chao Zhang, Jingping Wang, Jingyang Niu
Summary: The utilization of urea oxidation reaction can lower the voltage of hydrogen generation cell and eliminate urea pollution. In this study, MoC@C and Ni/WC@C nanoparticles were synthesized using an in situ trapping and pre-modification strategy. These materials were used as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and UOR, respectively, and showed stable catalytic performance in an electrolytic cell.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ming Feng, Xiao-Li Xi, Li-Wen Zhang, Zuo-Ren Nie
Summary: The main obstacles to the production of metals like tungsten are the complex reaction processes and disproportionation reactions. To overcome these obstacles, the composition of the molten salt system was modified to achieve the low-valence reduction of tungsten. Experiments and simulation analysis showed that the presence of fluoride ions influenced the valence states of tungsten ions. Simulation results demonstrated that by selecting a proper [Cl-]/[F-] ratio, a one-step direct reduction to metallic tungsten could be achieved, and the coordination form of tungsten ions had an impact on the reduction process.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leslie N. Clements, Ranulfo Lemus, Alicia D. Butler, Kate Heim, Matthew R. Rebstock, Carmen Venezia, Michael Pardus
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
(2012)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Josie E. Bamford, Alicia D. Butler, Katherine E. Heim, Charles A. Pittinger, Ranulfo Lemus, Jane P. Staveley, K. Brian Lee, Carmen Venezia, Michael J. Pardus
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2011)
Article
Toxicology
Michael S. Werley, K. Monica Lee, Ranulfo Lemus
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Food Science & Technology
EL Carmines, R Lemus, CL Gaworski
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2005)
Article
Environmental Sciences
GK Evanylo, AO Abaye, C Dundas, CE Zipper, R Lemus, B Sukkariyah, J Rockett
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
(2005)
Meeting Abstract
Toxicology
R Lemus, KM Lee, MS Werley
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2003)
Meeting Abstract
Toxicology
EL Carmines, R Lemus, CL Gaworski, T Meisgen, K Rustemeier, E Van Miert, D Veltel
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2003)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
JM Matheson, R Lemus, RW Lange, MH Karol, MI Luster
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2002)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
JM Matheson, R Lemus, M Karol, MI Luster
Article
Environmental Sciences
R Lemus, L Lukinskeine, ME Bier, AV Wisnewski, CA Redlich, MH Karol
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2001)
Article
Allergy
JM Matheson, RW Lange, R Lemus, MH Karol, MI Luster
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2001)
Article
Toxicology
K Ebino, H Ueda, H Kawakatsu, Y Shutoh, T Kosaka, E Nagayoshi, R Lemus, MH Karol
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2001)
Article
Toxicology
RC Lantz, R Lemus, RW Lange, MH Karol
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2001)
Article
Toxicology
Ranulfo Lemus, Edward L. Carmines, Erik Van Miert, Christopher R. E. Coggins, Erwin Anskeit, Birgit Gerstenberg, Thomas J. Meisgen, Heike Schramke, Regina Stabbert, Hartmut Voelkel, Piter M. Terpstra
INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
(2007)