Review
Environmental Sciences
Priyanshi Sikka, Tapan Behl, Sanchay Sharma, Aayush Sehgal, Saurabh Bhatia, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Sukhbir Singh, Neelam Sharma, Lotfi Aleya
Summary: Ω-3 fatty acids are recognized for their benefits on physical and mental health, primarily obtained from fish and fish products. Adequate intake of Ω-3 fatty acids can improve brain function and neuronal function, reduce depressive symptoms, and have fewer side effects compared to antidepressants.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Richard L. Weinberg, Robert D. Brook, Melvyn Rubenfire, Kim A. Eagle
Summary: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids play a key role in heart-healthy diet, and can be obtained through fatty fish consumption or fish oil supplementation. They not only treat hypertriglyceridemia, but also prevent cardiovascular events, with additional benefits such as reducing inflammation and improving plaque stability.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bojung Seo, Keming Yang, Ka Kahe, Abrar A. Qureshi, Andrew T. Chan, Immaculata De Vivo, Eunyoung Cho, Edward L. Giovannucci, Hongmei Nan
Summary: This study suggests that higher intakes of DHA and consumption of canned tuna are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in US males.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Dolores Mesa, Fernando Gil, Pablo Olmedo, Angel Gil
Summary: This study aims to estimate the amount of n-3 LC-PUFA provided by commonly consumed fishes, shrimps, and mollusks, to conduct a risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption. Consuming 2-3 servings of a variety of fishery products per week can help meet recommended n-3 LC-PUFA levels while maintaining a balance to avoid potential risks from contaminants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ines Drenjancevic, Jan Pitha
Summary: In addition to proven medications, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are considered to have additive effects on cardiovascular health. They influence the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms, including effects on metabolism, inflammation, thrombosis, and direct effects on cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Safi U. Khan, Ahmad N. Lone, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Salim S. Virani, Roger S. Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir, Michael Miller, Erin D. Michos, Christie M. Ballantyne, William E. Boden, Deepak L. Bhatt
Summary: Omega-3 fatty acids reduce cardiovascular mortality and improve cardiovascular outcomes, with higher efficacy observed with EPA monotherapy compared to EPA+DHA combination therapy.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jon-Kyle Davis, Eric C. Freese, Anthony S. Wolfe, Steven A. Basham, Kimberly M. W. Stein
Summary: The study evaluated the omega-3 PUFA blood concentrations, dietary, and supplement intake of 119 professional basketball players, with many players having insufficient fish consumption per week and only a few players supplementing with omega-3 PUFA.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Li, Meiru Mao, Jiacheng Li, Ziteng Chen, Ying Ji, Jianglong Kong, Zhijie Wang, Jiaxin Zhang, Yujiao Wang, Wei Liang, Haojun Liang, Linwen Lv, Qiuyang Liu, Ruyu Yan, Hui Yuan, Kui Chen, Yanan Chang, Guogang Chen, Gengmei Xing
Summary: This study assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on alleviating inflammation and lung injury induced by PM2.5 inhalation exposure. It was found that oral administration of DHA and EPA effectively restored normal inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced lung parenchymal lesions in mice exposed to PM2.5.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maja Tomczyk, Jeffery L. Heileson, Miroslaw Babiarz, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Fatty fish and certain species of algae are the only natural sources of EPA and DHA, which have various beneficial effects for athletes. Due to limited intake and fluctuating content, athletes may consider using supplements to ensure sufficient EPA and DHA levels.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Meghan Dempsey, Michelle S. Rockwell, Laurel M. Wentz
Summary: The majority of the population lack adequate omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), leading to global deficiencies and poor omega-3 status. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n-3 FA interventions on omega3-index (O3i) and estimate sufficient intake to meet recommendations.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephen W. Farrell, Laura F. DeFina, Nathan L. Tintle, David Leonard, Kenneth H. Cooper, Carolyn E. Barlow, William L. Haskell, Andjelka Pavlovic, William S. Harris
Summary: Both this study and a meta-analysis of similar studies found no evidence to suggest that consuming n-3 PUFA-rich fish or using fish oil supplements affects the risk of prostate cancer.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gael Nana, Suparna Mitra, Henry Watson, Caroline Young, Henry M. Wood, Sarah L. Perry, Amanda D. Race, Philip Quirke, Giles J. Toogood, Paul M. Loadman, Mark A. Hull
Summary: Oral administration of omega-3 PUFAs leads to increased luminal omega-3 PUFA concentrations and changes to the microbiome in the ileum of individuals with a temporary ileostomy. There is large variability in ileal microbiome over time and between individuals, with no consistent change associated with acute omega-3 PUFA dosing.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Peder L. Myhre, Trygve Berge, Are A. Kalstad, Sjur H. Tveit, Kristian Laake, Erik B. Schmidt, Svein Solheim, Harald Arnesen, Ingebjorg Selje, Arnljot Tveit
Summary: Recent clinical trials have raised concerns about the potential adverse effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. This study aimed to assess the risk and potential mediators of AF and 'micro-AF' from n-3 PUFA in post-MI patients. The results showed that supplementation of n-3 PUFA increased the risk of 'micro-AF' and AF, and changes in EPA seemed to play an important role in mediating this effect. Rating: 8 out of 10.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ivana Djuricic, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are found in seafood, supplements, and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Prospective cohort studies show that higher intakes of EPA+DHA or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body are associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is due to their beneficial modulation of multiple risk factors for CVD.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manoj Kumar, Namrata Pal, Poonam Sharma, Manoj Kumawat, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Bilkees Nabi, Vinod Verma, Rajnarayan R. Tiwari, Swasti Shubham, Bahram Arjmandi, Ravinder Nagpal
Summary: This paper provides insights into the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by influencing gut dysbiosis. By reviewing and discussing the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, the paper explores the associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. Moreover, the significance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment is highlighted along with the potential of omega-3 fatty acids to positively modulate gut microbiota, leading to the discovery of new targets and therapeutic strategies for T2DM.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alessandro Mantovani, Graziana Petracca, Alessandro Csermely, Giorgia Beatrice, Stefano Bonapace, Andrea Rossi, Herbert Tilg, Christopher D. Byrne, Giovanni Targher
Summary: A meta-analysis of observational studies demonstrated that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of new-onset heart failure (HF). This risk is independent of other common cardiovascular risk factors.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A-Na Liu, Cui-Fang Xu, Ya-Ru Liu, Dan-Qin Sun, Ling Jiang, Liang-Jie Tang, Pei-Wu Zhu, Sui-Dan Chen, Wen-Yue Liu, Xiao-Dong Wang, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. D. Byrne, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Junfen Fu, Ming-Ming Su, Rohit Loomba, Ming-Hua Zheng, Yan Ni
Summary: This study found that in patients with NAFLD, dysregulated bile acid metabolism was associated with liver fibrosis. Serum levels of secondary bile acids were increased in patients with mild fibrosis, along with other clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Combining serum bile acids with clinical/biochemical biomarkers showed good accuracy in identifying mild fibrosis, but performed less well in identifying significant fibrosis.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Yoo Jin Um, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Min -Jung Kwon, Hyun-Suk Jung, Kyu-Beck Lee, Kwan Joong Joo, In Young Cho, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher D. Byrne, Seungho Ryu
Summary: This study investigated the association between microscopic hematuria and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It found that both persistent and single episodes of microscopic hematuria were associated with an increased risk of CKD, especially in men.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helen M. M. Lindqvist, Anna Winkvist, Inger Gjertsson, Philip C. C. Calder, Aaron M. M. Armando, Oswald Quehenberger, Roxana Coras, Monica Guma
Summary: A study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis found that consuming blue mussels, which are rich in n-3 fatty acids, led to significant changes in certain oxylipin levels, but did not have a noticeable impact on inflammation. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between n-3 fatty acid intake, blood oxylipins, and inflammation.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lei Miao, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne, Ming-Hua Zheng
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tina Reinson, Ryan M. Buchanan, Christopher D. Byrne
Summary: In the past 20 years, noninvasive serum biomarkers have been developed and validated for identifying liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review focuses on the use of these biomarkers for identifying different stages of liver fibrosis, predicting liver-related and non-liver-related outcomes, and monitoring disease progression/regression. The future of serum biomarkers for detecting and monitoring liver fibrosis in NAFLD is also discussed.
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xiao-Dong Zhou, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne, Virend Somers, Seung Up Kim, C. Anwar A. Chahal, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Jingjing Cai, Michael D. Shapiro, Mohammed Eslam, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Ki-Chul Sung, Anoop Misra, Jian-Jun Li, Carlos Brotons, Yuli Huang, George V. Papatheodoridis, Aijun Sun, Yusuf Yilmaz, Wah Kheong Chan, Hui Huang, Nahum Mendez-Sanchez, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Robert J. de Knegt, Ponsiano Ocama, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Marat Fudim, Giada Sebastiani, Jang Won Son, John D. Ryan, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Daniele Pastori, Monica Lupsor-Platon, Herbert Tilg, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Jerome Boursier, Masahide Hamaguchi, Mindie H. Nguyen, Jian-Gao Fan, George Boon-Bee Goh, Mamun Al Mahtab, Saeed Hamid, Nilanka Perera, Jacob George, Ming-Hua Zheng
Summary: Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is closely linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the CVD risk is often underestimated. An international panel of experts conducted a Delphi survey to establish the association between MAFLD and CVD risk, and identified potential areas for future research.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexandra W. C. Einerhand, Wiola Mi, Alfred Haandrikman, Xiao-Yang Sheng, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid are essential fatty acids crucial for health. Levels of linoleic acid in breast milk and infant formula vary across countries, and this study aims to review the global levels of these fatty acids and their impact on infant formula health benefits based on published literature.
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Ellen Dyson, Rachel Helbig, Tessa Avermaete, Kate Halliwell, Philip C. Calder, Lynn R. Brown, John Ingram, Bert Popping, Hans Verhagen, Alan R. Boobis, Isabelle Guelinckx, Louise Dye, Neil Boyle
Summary: The reverberations of the Ukraine-Russia conflict have had a profound global impact in 2022, exacerbating existing pressures on global systems. The vulnerabilities of the global food system have been exposed, resulting in disruptions to food supply chains and disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations in the Global South.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bartholomew Dzudzor, Harris Hammond, Kenneth Tachi, Anna Alisi, Sandro Vento, Richard Kwasi Gyasi, Justice Moses K. Aheto
Summary: Liver fibrosis is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between hyaluronic acid (HA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) serum levels as markers of fibrosis. The results showed that patients with liver disease had significantly reduced 25-OH vitamin D levels and elevated HA levels, both of which correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis.
HEALTH SCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tina Reinson, Ryan M. Buchanan, Christopher D. Byrne
EXPERT REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Targher, Alessandro Mantovani, Christopher Byrne
Summary: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins that stimulate insulin secretion. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, is effective in promoting weight loss. Incretin signalling not only decreases the risk of developing NAFLD, but also has beneficial effects in treating NAFLD and its complications.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maja Tomczyk, Jeffery L. Heileson, Miroslaw Babiarz, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Fatty fish and certain species of algae are the only natural sources of EPA and DHA, which have various beneficial effects for athletes. Due to limited intake and fluctuating content, athletes may consider using supplements to ensure sufficient EPA and DHA levels.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip C. Calder, Anna Bach-Faig, Teresa Bevacqua, Chrystopherson Gengyny Caballero Lopez, Zheng-Yu Chen, Daragh Connolly, Wan Lee Koay, Simin N. Meydani, Ari-Sentug Pinar, Durval Ribas-Filho, Adeline Pierre
Summary: Self-care is important for improving health and social well-being. Understanding how the body works and how to keep it healthy is crucial. The immune system plays a vital role in defending against pathogens and maintaining overall health. Active management of the immune system is necessary to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. A healthy and diverse diet, along with regular exercise, adequate sleep, and mental resilience, is key to supporting immune function.
BMJ NUTRITION, PREVENTION & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Bethan Jenkins, Philip C. Calder, Luise Marino
Summary: This study surveyed the current practice of enteral feeding and gastric residual volume (GRV) monitoring in UK adult ICUs, and described the impact of GRV monitoring on enteral feeding. The results showed that despite the poor validity of GRV measurement, it is still commonly used in UK adult ICUs to assess enteral feeding intolerance. This suggests the need for further research on the benefits of ongoing GRV measurements and alternative markers of enteral feeding intolerance in the adult ICU population.
JOURNAL OF THE INTENSIVE CARE SOCIETY
(2023)