Article
Clinical Neurology
Youssuf Saleh, Campbell Le Heron, Pierre Petitet, Michele Veldsman, Daniel Drew, Olivia Plant, Ursula Schulz, Arjune Sen, Peter M. Rothwell, Sanjay Manohar, Masud Husain
Summary: The study found a relationship between apathy in patients with small vessel cerebrovascular disease and disrupted decision making, as well as abnormalities in the white matter network. Apathetic patients accepted fewer offers on the decision-making task and showed reduced responsiveness to low rewards and aversion to investing in high effort. White matter integrity reductions were specifically associated with apathy, highlighting distinct mechanisms underlying apathy and depression.
Article
Neurosciences
Heather E. Soder, Jessica A. Cooper, Paula Lopez-Gamundi, Jennifer K. Hoots, Cecilia Nunez, Victoria M. Lawlor, Scott D. Lane, Michael T. Treadway, Margaret C. Wardle
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of d-amphetamine on effort for reward and reward learning in healthy volunteers. The results indicated that d-amphetamine increased willingness to exert effort, particularly at low to intermediate expected values of reward, due to decreased effort discounting. Baseline effort and working memory also moderated this effect, with d-amphetamine increasing effort more in individuals with lower working memory and lower baseline effort.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Shosuke Suzuki, Victoria M. Lawlor, Jessica A. Cooper, Amanda R. Arulpragasam, Michael T. Treadway
Summary: The study identified functionally segregated regions within the ventral striatum that separately encoded effort activation, movement initiation, and effort discounting of rewards using functional magnetic resonance imaging with a naturalistic maze-navigation paradigm. The results suggest that different regions of the ventral striatum are involved in encoding effort and value, raising important questions about interpreting reward signals in the context of effort demands.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Cristina Colon-Semenza, Daniel Fulford, Terry Ellis
Summary: Effort-based decision-making for physical effort in people with Parkinson's disease may be influenced by impaired neural pathways, particularly in relation to motivation. Anticipation of pleasure and apathy play significant roles in decision-making for exercise in PwPD.
JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cecilia Nunez, Jennifer K. Hoots, Scott T. Schepers, Michael Bower, Harriet de Wit, Margaret C. Wardle
Summary: Many mental health disorders are characterized by impaired ability to exert effort for rewards, with dopamine implicated in this process. However, the effects of other neurotransmitter systems like opioids and acetylcholine have received less attention. Two separate studies tested the acute effects of naltrexone and nicotine on effort-based decision-making in healthy adults, but neither drug affected willingness to exert effort for monetary rewards. Although the drugs had significant effects on mood and behavior, they did not alter effort-based decision-making.
Review
Neurosciences
Laura Colautti, Paola Iannello, Maria Caterina Silveri, Alessandro Antonietti
Summary: Through studies using the Iowa Gambling Task, it is found that patients with Parkinson's disease tend to prefer risky choices, possibly due to difficulties in anticipating negative consequences or insensitivity to punishment. Additionally, dopamine medications may have an impact on patients' decision-making under uncertain conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Yixuan Chen
Summary: Decision making is crucial for animal survival as choices made based on current situation can impact future rewards and potential costs. Rewards and costs are primarily encoded in the forebrain structures, with dopamine and lateral habenula playing key roles in learning. Different brain regions compare tasks simultaneously to select the most appropriate option.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Laura Colautti, Paola Iannello, Maria Caterina Silveri, Alessandro Antonietti
Summary: Evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the neural areas underlying decision making and impairs executive functions, leading to risky choices. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between executive functions and decision-making performance in PD patients, particularly under conditions of risk.
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ashley C. Parr, Heidi C. Riek, Brian C. Coe, Giovanna Pari, Mario Masellis, Connie Marras, Douglas P. Munoz
Summary: Genetic variation in dopamine function may affect mixed-strategy decision-making in Parkinson's disease patients. Patients with higher dopamine transmission scores showed better performance, and genetic variation modulated cognitive aspects of performance beyond motor function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kate M. Witt, David N. Harper, Bart A. Ellenbroek
Summary: This study reveals the modulating role of dopamine D1 receptors in effort-based decision-making and highlights the sex * genotype interaction. These findings are important for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and future research considering sex differences.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nobuhiro Hagura, Jamal Esmaily, Bahador Bahrami
Summary: This study examined the influence of action on decision making, particularly on decision confidence. The results showed that physical effort during the decision process does not affect subsequent decision processes and decision confidence.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel B. K. Gabriel, Anna E. Liley, Timothy G. Freels, Nicholas W. Simon
Summary: Optimal decision-making requires evaluation of multiple rewards offset by distinct costs, with dopamine playing a crucial role. The effort vs probability economic conflict task (EvP) in rats showed that D2-like dopamine receptors have a stronger impact on preference shifts between effortful and risky choices.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Errante, Marilyn Chakkalamuri, Oreoluwa Akinbo, Samantha E. Yohn, John D. Salamone, Leslie Matuszewich
Summary: Sex differences were found in training variables, with males exhibiting higher lever presses, ratios, and active lever times. HAL administration reduced behavior in both sexes for high-valued reward and increased chow consumption in food restricted males. Despite differences in training, HAL decreased behavior similarly in both sexes, suggesting a common D2 mechanism.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mario Bogdanov, Sophia LoParco, A. Ross Otto, Madeleine Sharp
Summary: The study found that dopamine replacement therapy increases the willingness of Parkinson's patients to engage in cognitively demanding behavior. Additionally, the effects of dopamine replacement therapy on performance and the ability to detect effort demands are not significant.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Giorgia Ponsi, Marina Scattolin, Riccardo Villa, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Summary: Parkinson's disease affects moral decision-making, with some patients displaying hyper-honesty and others hypo-honesty, possibly linked to dopaminergic activity. Further research is needed to explore the role of subcortical structures in shaping moral behavior in neurodegenerative disorders.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Masud Husain
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Masud Husain
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stephanie Wong, Grace Wei, Masud Husain, John R. Hodges, Olivier Piguet, Muireann Irish, Fiona Kumfor
Summary: This study found a significant link between impaired social reward learning and emotional apathy in dementia, suggesting a shared neurobiological basis between the two. Understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms of reward processing can help improve the identification and treatment of emotional apathy in dementia.
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohamed Sharafeldin, Shijun Yan, Cheng Jiang, George K. Tofaris, Jason J. Davis
Summary: We present a scalable, fast, and low-cost method for extracting cargo proteins from exosome subpopulations using an alternating (AC) magnetic field to facilitate the mixing of antibody-coated magnetic beads (MBs) with serum samples. By applying this method, we were able to achieve high capture efficiencies of >70% from <50 μL of neat serum in just 30 minutes. This approach, when combined with array-based assaying and a standard duplex electrochemical sandwich ELISA, enabled the detection of sub pg/mL levels of α-synuclein content with excellent precision and a sample-to-answer time of approximately 75 minutes. The high performance and semi-automation of this method hold promise for low-cost Parkinson's disease diagnostics and exosomal biomarker analyses.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Masud Husain
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Masud Husain
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Masud Husain
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yajun Jia, Steven Woltering, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Marielle P. K. J. Engelen, Kimberly S. Coyle, Maria R. Maio, Masud Husain, Zhong-Xu Liu
Summary: By using an item-location delayed reproduction task, this study explored working memory deficits in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The results indicated that MCI patients performed worse than healthy controls in identifying WM items and item-location associative binding. Changes in attention and inhibitory control were also observed in MCI patients. However, post-napping performance showed improvements in both MCI and healthy control groups, suggesting a potential beneficial effect of napping on executive functions.
EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xin You Tai, Emma Torzillo, Donald M. Lyall, Sanjay Manohar, Masud Husain, Arjune Sen
Summary: This study compared the risks of developing dementia in individuals with focal epilepsy, stroke, migraine, and healthy controls, and examined the impact of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The findings indicate that focal epilepsy is associated with a higher risk of dementia compared to stroke and migraine, especially in individuals with high cardiovascular risk.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Julian R. Matthews, Patrick S. Cooper, Stefan Bode, Trevor T. -J. Chong
Summary: Contemporary decision-making models focus on estimating the final value of each alternative. Recent research has shown that non-instrumental information can still influence behavior. This study demonstrates that the opportunity to passively observe the consequences of a decision can modulate risky behavior, even without affecting the final outcome. These findings highlight the importance of anticipatory information in decision-making.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Younes A. Tabi, Masud Husain
Summary: The concept of specific assessments of the function of a particular lobe of the brain is outdated. Brain network function is supported by large-scale networks with long-range connections. It is more appropriate to discuss the contributions of parietal areas to specific functions. Nevertheless, simple bedside assessments can still often indicate parietal dysfunction or reveal impairments in functions that parietal regions normally contribute to.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Masud Husain
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Katherine H. Franks, Lisa Bransby, Lachlan Cribb, Rachel Buckley, Nawaf Yassi, Trevor T-J Chong, Michael M. Saling, Yen Ying Lim, Matthew P. Pase
Summary: Higher perceived stress and lower resilience are associated with poorer cognition and a greater burden of modifiable dementia risk factors.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jussi Pekka Tolonen, Ricardo Parolin Schnekenberg, Simon Mcgowan, David Sims, Meriel Mcentagart, Frances Elmslie, Debbie Shears, Helen Stewart, George K. Tofaris, Tabib Dabir, Patrick J. Morrison, Diana Johnson, Marios Hadjivassiliou, Sian Ellard, Charles Shaw-Smith, Anna Znaczko, Abhijit Dixit, Mohnish Suri, Ajoy Sarkar, Rachel E. Harrison, Gabriela Jones, Henry Houlden, Giorgia Ceravolo, Joanna Jarvis, Jonathan Williams, Morag E. Shanks, Penny Clouston, Julia Rankin, Lubov Blumkin, Tally Lerman-Sagie, Penina Ponger, Salmo Raskin, Katariina Granath, Johanna Uusimaa, Hector Conti, Emma Mccann, Shelagh Joss, Alexander J. M. Blakes, Kay Metcalfe, Helen Kingston, Marta Bertoli, Rachel Kneen, Sally Ann Lynch, Inmaculada Martinez Albaladejo, Austen Peter Moore, Wendy D. Jones, Esther B. E. Becker, Andrea H. Nemeth
Summary: The ITPR1 gene encodes the IP3 receptor type 1, which plays a critical role in cerebellar calcium signaling. Pathogenic missense variants in ITPR1 cause various diseases, including SCA29 and GLSP. This study aimed to identify new cases, describe the spectrum of missense variants, and investigate disease progression.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xin You Tai, Emma Torzillo, Donald M. Lyall, Sanjay Manohar, Masud Husain, Arjune Sen
Summary: This study found that focal epilepsy is significantly associated with a higher risk of developing dementia, particularly in individuals with high cardiovascular risk. Targeting modifiable cardiovascular risk factors may be an effective intervention to reduce dementia risk in individuals with epilepsy.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Maxime Montembeault, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Abigail E. Licata, Rian Bogley, Sabrina Erlhoff, Buddhika Ratnasiri, Zoe Ezzes, Giovanni Battistella, Elena Tsoy, Christa Watson Pereira, Jessica Deleon, Boon Lead Tee, Maya L. Henry, Zachary A. Miller, Katherine P. Rankin, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Katherine L. Possin, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Summary: This study investigates the potential differences in processing speed and neural correlates among the three variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). The findings reveal that non-verbal cognitive abilities, such as processing speed, are significantly impacted in nfvPPA and lvPPA patients compared to healthy controls and svPPA patients. Neuroimaging results confirm the importance of fronto-parietal regions associated with processing speed and executive control.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Holger Wiese, Tsvetomila Popova, Maya Schipper, Deni Zakriev, Mike Burton, Andrew W. Young
Summary: Previous experiments have shown that brief exposure to unfamiliar individuals leads to the formation of new facial representations, which undergo changes and consolidation within the first day after learning.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Paul Wendiggensen, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Individuals organize events in their environment by partitioning them into discrete units. This study reveals that the neural activity in the brain plays a critical role in this process, reflecting the key elements of event segmentation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zhenzhen Huo, Zhiyi Chen, Rong Zhang, Junye Xu, Tingyong Feng
Summary: Procrastination has adverse effects on personal growth and social development. Reward sensitivity is positively correlated with procrastination. This study used VBM and RSFC analyses to investigate the neural substrates underlying the association between reward sensitivity and procrastination. The results showed that the functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus mediated the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stefano Lasaponara, Gabriele Scozia, Silvana Lozito, Mario Pinto, David Conversi, Marco Costanzi, Tim Vriens, Massimo Silvetti, Fabrizio Doricchi
Summary: Cholinergic (Ach), Noradrenergic (NE), and Dopaminergic (DA) pathways are crucial in regulating spatial attention and determining inter-individual differences in temperamental traits. This study found that temperamental traits predict individual differences in the ability to orient spatial attention based on the probabilistic association between cues and targets. These findings highlight the importance of considering temperamental and personality traits in social and professional environments where attention control is essential.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Darren J. Yeo, Courtney Pollack, Benjamin N. Conrad, Gavin R. Price
Summary: The processing of numerals as visual objects is supported by an Inferior Temporal Numeral Area (ITNA) in the bilateral inferior temporal gyri (ITG). Extant findings suggest some degree of hemispheric asymmetry in how the bilateral ITNAs process numerals. The study found that digit sensitivity did not differ between ITNAs, and digit sensitivity in both left and right ITNAs was associated with calculation skills. The study also revealed a right lateralization in engagement in alphanumeric categorization, and that the right ITNA showed greater discriminability between digits and letters.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Beste Gulsuna, Abuzer Gungor, Alp O. Borcer, Ugur Ture
Summary: The fiber dissection technique has been used to study the internal structures of the brain, with less focus on white matter. The sagittal stratum, a white matter structure, has not received enough attention and has been a subject of controversy. Recent studies suggest potential functions of the sagittal stratum, emphasizing the importance of understanding this structure accurately.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nora Geiser, Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann, Samuel Elia Johannes Knobel, Dario Cazzoli, Tobias Nef, Thomas Nyffeler
Summary: This study compared the effects of auditory and visual motion stimulation on spatial neglect and found that both interventions were equally effective in improving neglect. Multimodal motion stimulation also improved neglect, but did not show greater improvement than unimodal auditory or visual motion stimulation alone.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna E. Hughes, Anna Nowakowska, Alasdair D. F. Clarke
Summary: This study examines the relationship between search slopes and search efficiency in visual search tasks, introduces the Target Contrast Signal (TCS) Theory, and extends it to a Bayesian multi-level framework. The findings demonstrate that TCS can predict data well, but distinguishing between contrast combination models proves to be difficult.