期刊
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
卷 405, 期 -, 页码 219-228出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.036
关键词
Mixing effects; Over-yielding; Stand structure; Tree allometry; Emergent properties; Vertical stratification
类别
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AGL2014-51964-C2-1-R, AGL2014-51964-C2-2-R]
- Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Invovacion of Ecuador (SENESCYT) [2013-AR3R1676]
- COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR [STSM FP1206-29214]
- Regional Forest Service of Burgos
- Regional Forest Service of Soria
Mixed-species stands have been studied extensively due to their potentially superior productivity, multi-functionality benefits and high ecological value compared to pure stands. The higher structural heterogeneity in mixed stands that can emerge from species interactions could be linked to the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functions. We tested whether changes in stand structure also occur in mixtures of species with similar traits and whether they explain over-yielding patterns. Based on research with 12 triplets of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in the northern Iberian Peninsula (Spain), we provide evidence that species mixing increased structural heterogeneity and may induce over-yielding in mixed species stands compared to monospecific stands. In this mixture of two light-demanding species, we observed that (i) stand composition influenced the inter-specific crown allometric variation, (ii) structural heterogeneity in mixed stands was caused by both specie-specific traits and species interactions, and (iii) intraspecific and interspecific differences in both crown size plasticity and size-distribution differentiation were associated with the increased relative productivity of mixed stands. We detected that crown complementarity and vertical stratification in the canopy space is a crucial mechanism for enhancing ecosystem productivity in light-demanding species and could be related to light interception and light-use. This work improves our understanding of emerging properties in mixed stands and introduces considerations for properly scaling and tracing mixing effects at individual tree, size distribution and stand levels.
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