Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianmin Wang, Shaobai Li, Futang Wan, Youwei Xu, Zhenfang Wu, Mi Cao, Pengfei Lan, Ming Lei, Jian Wu
Summary: The study provides insights into the structure of human Pol III in different states, highlighting the important roles of RPC7 and RPC10 subunits in Pol III transcription, and offers a comprehensive understanding of the regulation mechanism of Pol III transcription.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Fei Wang, Jun Zhang, Xianrong Lin, Lu Yang, Qi Zhou, Xue Mi, Qiujie Li, Shen Wang, Dawei Li, Xiao-Min Liu, Jun Zhou
Summary: METTL16 is found to have dual localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It interacts with eIF4E2 to inhibit its translation inhibitory function, promoting protein synthesis and suppressing lung tumorigenesis. This study reveals the role of METTL16 in translational regulation and provides a therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
Article
Cell Biology
Marie-Luise Mosbach, Christina Pfafenrot, Elke Pogge von Strandmann, Albrecht Bindereif, Christian Preusser
Summary: Research has shown that small RNAs are more efficiently packaged into EVs than large ones, and RNA polymerase III transcripts are secreted into EVs more effectively compared to polymerase II-derived transcripts. The quantity of RNA in EVs is relatively low compared to cellular levels, with RNA association in EVs ranging from 0.02 to 1 molecule per EV.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Mattia Furlan, Stefano de Pretis, Mattia Pelizzola
Summary: Despite RNA abundance being commonly assumed as a proxy for transcriptional activity, it is now possible to calculate how synthesis, processing, and degradation rates collectively determine the abundance of each gene's RNA. Different transcriptional outputs can correspond to different combinations of kinetic rates, indicating the existence of markedly different modes of gene expression regulation and their profound effects on gene self-expression regulation.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Yang, Shihen Liu, Sylvain Egloff, Catherine D. Eichhorn, Tanya Hadjian, James Zhen, Tamas Kiss, Z. Hong Zhou, Juli Feigon
Summary: The study presents the cryo-EM structures of the 7SK core RNP and uncovers the interactions between different components. The mechanism of MePCE catalytic inactivation and the role of Larp7 as an RNP chaperone are revealed. The MePCE-7SK-Larp7 core RNP serves as a scaffold for switching between different 7SK conformations and regulating P-TEFb sequestration and release.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz W. Turowski, Magdalena Boguta
Summary: RNAPI and RNAPIII are multi-heterogenic protein complexes specialized in transcribing highly abundant non-coding RNAs, more complex than RNAPII synthesizing mRNAs. They share associated subcomplexes formed by specific subunits in yeast and establish an assembly platform co-translationally during the synthesis of the Rpb10 subunit.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Sakshi Dharmendra Kor, Naimisha Chowdhury, Ajay Kumar Keot, Kalenahalli Yogendra, Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
Summary: The CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful gene-editing tool used in crop improvement research to enhance yield, quality, and stress tolerance. This review focuses on the characteristics of RNA Pol III promoters and discusses the use of synthetic promoters to increase editing efficiency. It also highlights the significance of species-specific RNA Pol III promoters for crop improvement through genome editing.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alison C. Greenlaw, Kris G. Alavattam, Toshio Tsukiyama
Summary: To ensure cell survival during quiescence, cells modulate their gene expression and transcription. By studying the nascent transcriptome, researchers identified over a thousand noncoding RNAs in quiescent and G1 yeast cells, revealing that noncoding transcription plays a larger role in the quiescent state. Furthermore, post-transcriptional regulation is increased in quiescence, affecting both mRNA and ncRNA. The nuclear exosome-NNS pathway was found to regulate the abundance of mRNAs involved in various cellular processes during quiescent entry, highlighting its important biological role in mRNA regulation.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Kristin E. N. Watt, Julia Macintosh, Genevieve Bernard, Paul A. Trainor
Summary: Ribosomes are essential macromolecular machines involved in protein translation in all cells. Ribosome biogenesis begins with the transcription of various RNAs by RNA Polymerases I and III. Disruptions in the function of these polymerases result in tissue-specific developmental disorders and distinct syndromes. This review discusses the global roles of Pol I and III transcription, the consequences of disruptions in their function, and the mechanisms underlying tissue-specific phenotypes.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Olga Artemyeva-Isman, Andrew C. G. Porter
Summary: The imperfect conservation of human pre-mRNA splice sites is necessary for producing alternative isoforms, and U5 plays a significant role in splicing precision and the mechanism of conserved guanines in the pre-catalytic spliceosome. Statistical analyses indicate that U5 snRNA stabilizes the pre-catalytic complex cooperatively with U6 and U2 snRNAs. This new understanding could have potential applications in snRNA therapeutics and gene repair strategies.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Robert Landick
Summary: RNA polymerase plays a crucial role in expressing genetic information through transcription of DNA, and has evolved to sense and process environmental information. Transcriptional pauses, which occur during transcript elongation, play a key role in regulatory decisions. After decades of study, four classes of transcriptional pause signals have been identified, raising numerous questions about how RNA polymerase responds to these signals and the broader regulation of transcript elongation.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 75, 2021
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew S. Verosloff, William K. Corcoran, Taylor B. Dolberg, David Z. Bushhouse, Joshua N. Leonard, Julius B. Lucks
Summary: Through the newly developed in cellulo Pol III transcription termination assay, it was found that efficient Pol III termination requires the cooperation of poly-U tracts, RNA sequence, and structural elements in nascent RNA. Different promoter types have different requirements for transcription termination.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Aneeshkumar Gopalakrishnan Arimbasseri, Ashutosh Shukla, Ashis Kumar Pradhan, Purnima Bhargava
Summary: Covalent modifications, such as histone acetylations, are associated with transcriptionally active chromatin regions. Pol III-transcribed genes are repressed under stress conditions, and this repression is linked to increased histone acetylations. A nucleosome in the upstream region of the SNR6 gene plays a regulatory role during repression, with different dynamics of H3K9 and H3K14 acetylations. The increase in acetylations on this nucleosome may be part of the signaling mechanisms preparing cells for stress-related repression and reactivation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karla T. Falcon, Kristin E. N. Watt, Soma Dash, Ruonan Zhao, Daisuke Sakai, Emma L. Moore, Sharien Fitriasari, Melissa Childers, Mihaela E. Sardiu, Selene Swanson, Dai Tsuchiya, Jay Unruh, George Bugarinovic, Lin Li, Rita Shiang, Annita Achilleos, Jill Dixon, Michael J. Dixon, Paul A. Trainor
Summary: This study investigates the importance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription in craniofacial development and the implications of disruptions in this process. The researchers discovered that high expression of Pol I subunits in neuroepithelium and neural crest cells (NCCs) sustains elevated rRNA transcription, supporting the high levels of protein translation in these cells. However, disruptions in rRNA synthesis in NCCs can lead to p53 protein accumulation, NCC apoptosis, and craniofacial anomalies. Compound mutations in Pol I subunits further exacerbate these anomalies. Mechanistically, diminished rRNA synthesis causes an imbalance between rRNA and ribosomal proteins, affecting the binding of these proteins with Mdm2 and p53. This study highlights the critical role of rRNA transcription in craniofacial development and its specific sensitivities to disruptions in certain congenital craniofacial disorders.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seungha Hwang, Paul Dominic B. Olinares, Jimin Lee, Jinwoo Kim, Brian T. Chait, Rodney A. King, Jin Young Kang
Summary: In this study, the authors determined the structure of putRNA and its interaction with RNA polymerase using cryo-EM. They found that putRNA can inhibit pausing and termination during transcription, providing insights into the regulation of gene expression.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)