Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Baraldo, Leonardo Nogara, Georgia Ana Dumitras, Achille Homere Tchampda Dondjang, Alessia Geremia, Marco Scalabrin, Clara Turk, Frederik Telkamp, Lorena Zentilin, Mauro Giacca, Marcus Kruger, Bert Blaauw
Summary: Loss of Raptor diminishes muscle hypertrophy and force increase after Akt activation, indicating mTORC1 as the key mediator of Akt-dependent muscle growth regulating the mitochondrial proteome critical for enhancing muscle force.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jiaqi Cui, Lin Song, Rui Wang, Shuyuan Hu, Zhao Yang, Zengtie Zhang, Bo Sun, Wei Cui
Summary: This study suggests that maternal metformin during gestation and lactation has the potential to overcome the negative effects of perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet in offspring. This is achieved by altering myogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and dynamics through the AMPK/mTOR pathways in skeletal muscle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haiwen Li, Peipei Wang, Chen Zhang, Yuanbojiao Zuo, Yuan Zhou, Renzhi Han
Summary: In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that BVES acts as a negative feedback regulator of ADCY9-cAMP signaling in skeletal muscle, promoting muscle mass and function maintenance. BVES interacts with and negatively regulates ADCY9's activity, leading to the inhibition of the PKA signaling cascade and the prevention of ubiquitin proteasome degradation and autophagy initiation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alessia Geremia, Roberta Sartori, Martina Baraldo, Leonardo Nogara, Valeria Balmaceda, Georgia Ana Dumitras, Stefano Ciciliot, Marco Scalabrin, Hendrik Nolte, Bert Blaauw
Summary: During cancer cachexia, impaired mTORC1 signaling leads to reduced protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle. Conversely, activation of Akt-mTORC1 signaling can completely reverse muscle loss and force reduction, and prevent the increase in protein degradation observed in muscles from tumor-bearing animals. These findings suggest that skeletal muscle maintains its anabolic capacities during cancer cachexia, potentially explaining the beneficial effects of exercise in cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Apoorva H. Nagendra, Mohd Altaf Najar, Bipasha Bose, Shenoy P. Sudhee
Summary: Fluoride at high doses is known to be toxic to the musculoskeletal system, primarily affecting bone and cartilage cells. However, there is limited research on the toxicity of fluoride to skeletal muscle. This study found that during skeletal fluorosis, muscle is also affected. Short-term exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) led to muscle hypertrophy through activation of the IGF1/PI3/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, while long-term exposure resulted in muscle atrophy due to activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and characterized using proteomic analysis.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Quentin Giraud, Coralie Spiegelhalter, Nadia Messaddeq, Jocelyn Laporte
Summary: BIN1-related centronuclear myopathies can be prevented and partially reversed by overexpression of myotubularin in mice. This research provides a potential therapeutic strategy for BIN1- and DNM2-linked centronuclear myopathies.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lin Yin, Na Li, Weihua Jia, Nuoqi Wang, Meidai Liang, Xiuying Yang, Guanhua Du
Summary: Skeletal muscle is crucial for various bodily functions, but pathological issues can lead to muscle wasting and atrophy, characterized by weakness and reduced mass. While exercise is effective, it is not universally applicable, highlighting the need for further research into treatment options.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna G. Beaudry, Michelle L. Law
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of bodily wasting and functional decline. Nutritional support, particularly amino acid supplementation, is important in managing cachexia. Leucine has been found to increase protein synthesis and decrease degradation. Current research suggests that a leucine-rich diet can attenuate cachexia symptoms, but further studies are needed to explore its effects on protein turnover, immune response, and tumor growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paula Ketilly Nascimento Alves, Andre Cruz, William J. Silva, Siegfried Labeit, Anselmo Sigari Moriscot
Summary: miR-29c overexpression in skeletal muscle leads to hypertrophy and increased protein synthesis despite the downregulation of AKT/mTOR pathway components post-electrotransfer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mingliang Li, Ying Wei, Zhiyuan Feng, Muyi Cai, Yaguang Xu, Ruizeng Gu, Yongqing Ma, Xingchang Pan
Summary: The study demonstrated that dipeptides isolated from corn peptides can regulate the Akt-mTOR and NF-kappa B signaling pathways, with the potential to promote skeletal muscle growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minghui Zhang, Xueying Li, Xu Cui, Rui Li, Zonghua Ma, Xuejun Gao
Summary: Selenomethionine promotes the growth of myoblasts and skeletal muscle through ANXA2 phosphorylation, as observed in cell and animal studies. The addition of selenomethionine in mice results in increased carcass weight and skeletal muscle growth.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacqueline A. Larouche, Paula M. Fraczek, Sarah J. Kurpiers, Benjamin A. Yang, Carol Davis, Jesus A. Castor-Macias, Kaitlyn Sabin, Shannon Anderson, Julia Harrer, Matthew Hall, Susan V. Brooks, Young C. Jang, Nick Willett, Lonnie D. Shea, Carlos A. Aguilar
Summary: This study compares the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrotic degeneration or regeneration of skeletal muscle (SkM) following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries. The researchers found that degenerative VML injuries led to increased infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and persistent presence of neutrophils. The persistent infiltration of neutrophils impaired the regenerative function of muscle stem cells, which can be alleviated by blocking TGF beta signaling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jiale Yun, Xiaoyu Huang, Chang Liu, Mingyue Shi, Wenxia Li, Jin Niu, Chunbo Cai, Yang Yang, Pengfei Gao, Xiaohong Guo, Bugao Li, Chang Lu, Guoqing Cao
Summary: In this study, circRNA expression profiles in the skeletal muscle of Jinfen White pigs at different stages of development were constructed using RNA-seq. Among the identified circRNAs, 584 circRNAs showed differential expression. Enrichment analysis revealed that the host genes of these differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in muscle contraction, muscle organ development, muscle system processes, as well as AMPK and cAMP-related signal pathways. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network was also constructed to identify key circRNAs involved in the regulation of porcine skeletal muscle development through the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. Notably, the circ_0018595/miR-1343/PGM1 axis may play a regulatory role in the development of porcine skeletal muscle.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qi Zheng, Cuiyun Zhu, Jing Jing, Yinghui Ling, Shuaiqi Qin, Jiao Wang, Lisha Zha, Ya Liu, Fugui Fang
Summary: This study observed structural changes in skeletal muscle and obtained circRNA expression profiles at different stages in hind leg muscles of fetus, child, and adult rabbits. The study identified differentially expressed circRNAs and genes, and found circRNAs with potential coding or miRNA sponge capability. These findings provide insights into the functional transitions in mammalian muscle development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiju Li, Yangli Pei, Rong Zhou, Zhonglin Tang, Yalan Yang
Summary: N-6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) modification is a widely conserved chemical modification in cellular RNAs that plays a critical role in skeletal muscle development. Exploration of the functions and mechanisms of m(6)A modification and its regulators provides a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katherine L. Ford, Jann Arends, Philip J. Atherton, Marielle P. K. J. Engelen, Thiago J. M. Goncalves, Alessandro Laviano, Dileep N. Lobo, Stuart M. Phillips, Paula Ravasco, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Carla M. Prado
Summary: This opinion paper reviews the potential impact of protein on muscle anabolism in cancer patients. Animal-based proteins offer superior anabolic potential compared to plant-derived proteins. During cancer treatment, animal-based foods should be the majority of protein intake.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haoning Howard Cen, Bahira Hussein, Jose Diego Botezelli, Su Wang, Jiashuo Aaron Zhang, Nilou Noursadeghi, Niels Jessen, Brian Rodrigues, James A. Timmons, James D. Johnson
Summary: Hyperinsulinemia, often considered as a compensatory response to insulin resistance, may actually contribute to insulin resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying this cyclic process are poorly understood. This study found a reliable negative correlation between fasting insulin and INSR mRNA in skeletal muscle. Through cell culture experiments, it was demonstrated that elevated insulin levels attenuated AKT and ERK signaling in muscle cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed changes in gene expression related to insulin receptor signaling, FOXO signaling, and glucose metabolism pathways. Hyperinsulinemia led to reduced Insr gene expression and decreased surface INSR protein. SIN3A was identified as a negative regulator of Insr mRNA. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in muscle.
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica L. Dennison, Claude-Henry Volmar, Danbing Ke, James Wang, Emilie Gravel, Sabrina Hammond-Vignini, Zuomei Li, James A. Timmons, Ines Lohse, Marshall A. Hayward, Shaun P. Brothers, Claes Wahlestedt
Summary: JOTROL, a novel oral formulation of resveratrol, has higher bioavailability compared to non-formulated resveratrol. It has been found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of AD by regulating AD-related gene expression, inhibiting inflammatory genes, and regulating cytokine levels.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biology
James A. Timmons, Andrew Anighoro, Robert J. Brogan, Jack Stahl, Claes Wahlestedt, David Gordon Farquhar, Jake Taylor-King, Claude-Henry Volmar, William E. Kraus, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: Insulin resistance (IR) is a contributing factor to multiple diseases such as diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to develop a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining treatment responses and disease status biomarkers. The assay identified a diverse set of more than 130 compounds that positively act on proteins regulating IR pathways. The multi-gene RNA assay also provided insight into drug target specificity. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with acute or severe chronic IR.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew Jaconelli, Paul L. Greenhaff, Philip J. Atherton, Dileep N. Lobo, Matthew S. Brook
Summary: Elective abdominal surgery suppresses skeletal muscle protein synthesis but does not affect overall protein synthesis. The surgery leads to significant increases in urinary end-products (urea/ammonia).
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mintu Nath, Simon P. R. Romaine, Andrea Koekemoer, Stephen Hamby, Thomas R. Webb, Christopher P. Nelson, Marcos Castellanos-Uribe, Manolo Papakonstantinou, Stefan D. Anker, Chim C. Lang, Marco Metra, Faiez Zannad, Gerasimos Filippatos, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, John G. Cleland, Leong L. Ng, Sean T. May, Federica Marelli-Berg, Adriaan A. Voors, James A. Timmons, Nilesh J. Samani
Summary: Whole blood transcriptomic profiling provides new insights into cardiovascular mortality in CHF, identifying potential therapeutic targets.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Eleanor J. Jones, Shin-Yi Chiou, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips, Mathew Piasecki
Summary: A motor unit (MU) consists of a neuron cell body, its axon, and the muscle fibers it controls. Age-related reductions in the number of MUs are observed, but MUs can undergo remodeling to rescue denervated muscle fibers. This remodeling process involves axonal sprouting and the formation of structures around the neuromuscular junction, relying on neurotrophins and coordinated signaling. While exercise in older age has shown benefits for skeletal muscle, research in humans on MU remodeling is limited.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Colleen S. Deane, Ushnah S. U. Din, Tanvir S. Sian, Ken Smith, Amanda Gates, Jonathan N. Lund, John P. Williams, Ricardo Rueda, Suzette L. Pereira, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: Acute curcumin supplementation enhances the effect of oral nutritional supplement on microvascular blood flow in healthy older adults, without affecting muscle glucose uptake, vascular function, or blood flow.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carla M. Prado, Francesco Landi, Samuel T. H. Chew, Philip J. Atherton, Jeroen Molinger, Tobias Ruck, Maria Cristina Gonzalez
Summary: Low muscle mass and malnutrition are prevalent conditions in adults regardless of age, body weight, body mass index, or acute or chronic conditions. This article summarizes the latest research on muscle health and malnutrition, their impact on immune function and clinical outcomes. It provides healthcare professionals with a toolkit of illustrations and scientific information to educate patients about the importance of identifying and treating low muscle mass and malnutrition. The article focuses on emerging evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease, as well as the interaction between skeletal muscle and the immune system. The importance of myosteatosis as a component of muscle composition is addressed, along with various methods of muscle mass assessment and nutrition interventions to improve patient outcomes.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Isabel A. Ely, Eleanor J. Jones, Thomas B. Inns, Siobhra Dooley, Sarah B. J. Miller, Daniel W. Stashuk, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips, Mathew Piasecki
Summary: This study found that targeted force accuracy training can improve the accuracy of knee extensor force tracking and reduce the variability of motor unit firing rates. This may be beneficial for older and clinical populations in performing daily activities.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Neurosciences
Jessica L. Dennison, Claude-Henry Volmar, Farzaneh Modarresi, Danbing Ke, James Wang, Emilie Gravel, Sabrina Hammond-Vignini, Zuomei Li, James A. Timmons, Ines Lohse, Marshall A. Hayward, Shaun P. Brothers, Claes Wahlestedt
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ryan N. Marshall, Benoit Smeuninx, Alex P. Seabright, Paul T. Morgan, Philip J. Atherton, Andrew Philp, Leigh Breen
Summary: In healthy older adults, a 5-day period of bed rest did not result in significant perturbation in muscle mitochondrial protein signaling, and short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation did not affect this situation. Therefore, muscle atrophy induced by disuse may precede alterations in mitochondrial content.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert W. Davies, Marta Kozior, Arthur E. Lynch, Joseph J. Bass, Philip J. Atherton, Ken Smith, Philip M. Jakeman
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding fava bean protein on resting and post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate. The results showed that ingestion of 0.33 g/kg of fava bean protein did not enhance resting or post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate in young, healthy, recreationally active adults.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Imran Ramzan, Arash Ardavani, Froukje Vanweert, Aisling Mellett, Philip J. Atherton, Iskandar Idris
Summary: Recent studies have shown that elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant positive association between BCAA concentrations and the risk of developing T2DM. The findings suggest that BCAAs may serve as potential early biomarkers for T2DM.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hala Fatani, Adina Olaru, Rebecca Stevenson, Waad Alharazi, Ayman Jafer, Philip Atherton, Matthew Brook, Gordon Moran
Summary: There is increasing evidence of higher prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients due to increased muscle atrophy. This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients, investigate its impact on patients, and assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. The review included 35 studies and found that over one third of adult IBD patients have myopenia or pre-sarcopenia, and nearly a fifth have sarcopenia. Myopenic IBD is associated with increased risk of therapy failure, postoperative complications, low bone mineral density (BMD), and potential risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Personalized nutrition plans may improve muscle mass in IBD patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)