Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nekane Romero-Garcia, Javier Huete-Acevedo, Cristina Mas-Bargues, Jorge Sanz-Ros, Mar Dromant, Consuelo Borras
Summary: The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiaogang Chu, Kumar Subramani, Bobby Thomas, Alvin V. Terry, Sadanand Fulzele, Raghavan Pillai Raju
Summary: Studies have shown that factors in the blood of young organisms can rejuvenate the old ones. In this study, it was discovered that treating aged mice with plasma-derived factors from young mice can prolong their lives and reduce oxidative stress. The treatment also modulates the Nrf2/Bach1 axis in the antioxidant response pathway, promoting injury resolution.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francheska Delgado-Peraza, Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz, Anja Hviid Simonsen, De'Larrian DeAnte Knight, Pamela J. Yao, Edward J. Goetzl, Camilla Steen Jensen, Peter Hogh, Hanne Gottrup, Karsten Vestergaard, Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Dimitrios Kapogiannis
Summary: This study investigated the changes of neuroprotective proteins proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in plasma from patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) participating in a randomized controlled trial of exercise. The results suggest that exercise can increase the levels of neuroprotective factors in NDEVs, and AD patients carrying APOE ε4 are more responsive to the neuroprotective effects of physical activity. However, the levels of putative exerkines in NDEVs remained unchanged after exercise.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizhen Shen, Zhangjin Shen, Conghui Wang, Xiaodong Wu, Lingfang Wang, Lele Ye, Songfa Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng
Summary: In this study, a method for extracting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues was optimized to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the phenotypes, contents, and biological functions of the extracted EVs. The results showed that cryopreservation affected the yield and distribution of EVs, but not their morphology or particle mass ratio. The storage of tissues at -80°C increased both small and large EV yields, while the storage of lysates at -80°C decreased large EV yield and increased small EV yield. The cryopreserved EOC tissue retained a high percentage of proteins and miRNAs, and the extracted EVs could promote angiogenesis and invasive migration ability in human endothelial cells. This suggests that cryopreserved EOC tissue has clinical value for studying tissue-derived EVs, especially those related to EV proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoon Young Go, Chan Mi Lee, Won Min Ju, Sung-Won Chae, Jae-Jun Song
Summary: Research has shown that trophoblast-derived secretomes significantly promote the migration and proliferation of skin cells, leading to a delay in dermal aging through protection and restoration processes. Additionally, there is an increase in gene expression of dermal extracellular matrix components, indicating the potential for skin regeneration and anti-aging effects mediated by trophoblast-derived secretomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Fischer, Elisabeth Deindl
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for cell-to-cell communication by delivering various RNA, proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. Different types of EVs, including exosomes, cell surface-derived EVs, and apoptotic bodies, contain different RNA species and can be isolated, quantified, and characterized using specific methods.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fatih Inci
Summary: Isolating nanoparticles from complex fluids is crucial in various fields, and a microfluidic device with integrated filters has been developed to achieve multiple uses for separating exosomes from cell culture media.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiu Yee Kwan, Minting Chen, Keyang Xu, Baisen Chen
Summary: This article critically reviews the impact of obesity on the exosomal cargo contents and the biogenesis of adipocyte-derived exosomes. It also discusses the differences in exosomal contents in different adipose depots, as well as the impact of obesity on exosomes derived from stromal vascular fraction components. The review also touches upon the development and potential application of exosome-based therapy for obesity and its comorbidities.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Chen Jia, Yi-Xuan Ding, Wen-Tong Mei, Yu-Ting Wang, Zhi Zheng, Yuan-Xu Qu, Kuo Liang, Jia Li, Feng Cao, Fei Li
Summary: Comprehensive reviews and large population-based cohort studies have significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of pancreatitis. The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, in pancreatitis has shown potential for identifying cell-to-cell communication and influencing the disease's development and progression. Plasma exosomes of acute pancreatitis can reach the alveolar cavity and activate alveolar macrophages to cause acute lung injury, suggesting their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for this disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simon Scheck, Emily S. J. Paterson, Claire E. E. Henry
Summary: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that has negative impacts on quality of life and fertility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the development of endometriosis and have potential for diagnosis and treatment. However, there are challenges in standardizing EV isolation techniques and reporting, as well as comparing studies due to variations in patient population and sample collection methods.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioanna Lazana
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in maintaining homeostasis, immune modulation, and intercellular communication. They can be detected in various body fluids and their expression can be increased under different conditions. The composition of EVs reflects that of the parental cells, making them valuable for diagnostics. Cancer-derived EVs have been found to contribute to altering the tumor microenvironment and promoting cancer progression and metastasis. Additionally, EVs can transfer their cargo to recipient cells, modifying their properties and offering therapeutic potential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata S. Malys, Christof Aigner, Stefan M. Schulz, Helga Schachner, Andrew J. Rees, Renate Kain
Summary: Both differential ultracentrifugation and Exo-spin columns can isolate sEV from human serum, with Exo-spin enabling isolation of sEV with vesicle populations similar to those recovered by DUC, but with lower concentrations. DUC samples contained higher concentrations of exosome specific proteins and mainly consisted of sEV particles, while Exo-spin samples contained copious co-purified plasma lipids.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yohan Kim, Rocio Perez-Gonzalez, Chelsea Miller, Michelle Kurz, Pasquale D'Acunzo, Chris N. Goulbourne, Efrat Levy
Summary: Extracellular vesicles in the brain, particularly microvesicles and exosomes, play a critical role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and cell-to-cell communication. This study reveals sex-dependent differences in the levels and content of extracellular vesicles in the aging brain. Female brains exhibit enhanced turnover of extracellular vesicles during aging, suggesting a mechanism for successful brain aging in females and potential differences in susceptibility to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Christoph Keysberg, Helga Schneider, Kerstin Otte
Summary: This study presents a purification setup using tangential flow filtration (TFF) and fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC)-based size exclusion chromatography (SEC) suitable for industrial production of therapeutic extracellular vesicles (EVs). Potential host cell lines were evaluated, with telomerase-immortalized Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSC/TERT273) found to secrete high amounts of regenerative EVs, and Cevec's amniocyte producer cells (R) (CAP (R)) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) suspension cells suitable for designer EVs with high yields. Chemical adjuvants were used to enhance EV secretion in HEK293 cells, with the combination of fenoterol, iodoacetamide, and dinitrophenol increasing EV yield threefold and cellular secretion rate fivefold.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jagannath Mondal, Shameer Pillarisetti, Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula, Monochura Saha, Seung Rim Hwang, In-kyu Park, Yong-kyu Lee
Summary: Exosomes are natural nanocarriers secreted by cells, which can be modified to load additional cargo for expanded biomedical applications. They have the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional nanoparticle-based techniques in targeted therapy.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Rodrigo B. Mansur, Francheska Delgado-Peraza, Mehala Subramaniapillai, Yena Lee, Michelle Iacobucci, Flora Nasri, Nelson Rodrigues, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Elisa Brietzke, Victoria E. Cosgrove, Nicole E. Kramer, Trisha Suppes, Charles L. Raison, Andrea Fagiolini, Natalie Rasgon, Sahil Chawla, Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, Roger S. McIntyre
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that disrupted insulin signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. This study used innovative techniques to explore neuronal insulin signaling and found associations with cognitive function and brain volumes, as well as changes in response to infliximab treatment. The findings support further research into brain insulin signaling as a potential target for mechanistic and therapeutic investigations.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Briana N. Sprague, Xiaonan Zhu, Rebecca C. Ehrenkranz, Qu Tian, Theresa A. Gmelin, Nancy W. Glynn, Andrea L. Rosso, Caterina Rosano
Summary: The study found that a decline in self-reported energy levels over time was associated with an increased risk of mobility disability and mortality. Potential energy-related mediators did not attenuate this association.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Qu Tian, Brendan A. Mitchell, Marta Zampino, Kenneth W. Fishbein, Richard G. Spencer, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: In cognitively normal older adults aged 60 and above, lower baseline muscle mitochondrial function is associated with mobility decline, with decline in muscle strength and mass potentially explaining part of this association. These findings highlight the potential contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to mobility decline with aging, which needs further validation in studies on longitudinal changes in mitochondrial function, muscle, and mobility performance.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Daniel A. Pupo, Brent J. Small, Jennifer A. Deal, Nicole M. Armstrong, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Susan M. Resnick, Frank Lin, Luigi Ferrucci, Qu Tian
Summary: In older persons, impaired hearing is more strongly related to poor mobility in those with compromised neuropsychological performance, especially in terms of manual dexterity.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Toshiko Tanaka, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Yichen Jin, Julian Candia, Qu Tian, Ruin Moaddel, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Diet quality is associated with aging rates. This study identified metabolomic biomarkers of dietary patterns and explored their role in mediating the relationship between diet and healthy aging. Adherence to different dietary patterns was associated with lower frailty index. Multiple metabolite classes were associated with different dietary patterns, suggesting common mechanisms underlying the relationship between diet and frailty. These metabolites may serve as biomarkers for poor diet quality.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qu Tian, Brendan A. Mitchell, Marta Zampino, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: This study found that lower baseline concentrations and faster decline in plasma lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) are associated with a faster decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Preventing the decline of plasma LPCs at an early stage may slow down the decline and impairment of mitochondrial function during aging.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qu Tian, Brendan A. Mitchell, Abigail E. Corkum, Ruin Moaddel, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: This article investigates the relationship between dual decline in memory and gait speed and the risk of dementia, suggesting that individuals with dual decline may have specific pathophysiological pathways to dementia indicated by specific metabolomic signatures. A systematic review of 39 studies reveals that sphingolipids, fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines, amino acids, and biogenic amines are associated with both memory and gait impairments, with the sphingolipid metabolism pathway being enriched in both. Future studies using empirical data across multiple cohorts are needed to identify metabolomic signatures and further understand the relationship with future dementia risk.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qu Tian, Jennifer A. Schrack, Bennett A. Landman, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may help preserve brain structural integrity, particularly in selected temporal areas. The relationship between physical activity and brain changes seems to depend on the relative intensity of the activity rather than the absolute amount.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ruin Moaddel, Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien, Toshiko Tanaka, Qu Tian, Julian Candia, Ann Zenobia Moore, Jacqueline Lovett, Giovanna Fantoni, Nader Shehadeh, Lisa Turek, Victoria Collingham, Mary Kaileh, Chee W. Chia, Ranjan Sen, Josephine M. Egan, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Studying age-related biomarkers from different biofluids and tissues within the same individual can provide a comprehensive understanding of age-related changes and their interconnectedness.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qu Tian, Michelle D. Shardell, Pei-Lun Kuo, Toshiko Tanaka, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Ruin Moaddel, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Older adults experiencing decline in both memory and gait have a higher risk of dementia compared to those with decline in only one of these factors, and this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms. By analyzing plasma metabolite biomarkers, the researchers found that specific metabolic pathways, including lysophosphatidylcholines, ceramides, and amino acids, were significantly altered in older adults with dual decline. These alterations in metabolites may indicate mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised immunity, and increased burden of cardiovascular and kidney pathology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qu Tian, M. Gordian Adam, Enrique Ozcariz, Giovanna Fantoni, Nader M. Shehadeh, Lisa M. Turek, Victoria L. Collingham, Mary Kaileh, Ruin Moaddel, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Metabolomics is a branch of systems biology that studies the metabolome and quantifies various metabolites related to biological processes. It provides valuable information for understanding physiological changes during aging. However, there is a lack of reference values for metabolites across different ethnic groups. This study establishes a metabolomics reference database consisting of healthy individuals from 20 to 100 years old and explores the associations between metabolites, age, sex, and race. These reference values can contribute to clinical decision-making for metabolic and related diseases.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qu Tian, Brendan A. Mitchell, Guray Erus, Christos Davatzikos, Ruin Moaddel, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: Lipids are important for brain structure and function, and studies show that men experience greater brain atrophy than women with aging. This study investigated the sex-specific associations between circulating lipids and brain atrophy in a sample of cognitively normal older adults. Results revealed sex differences in the associations between specific lipid profiles and accelerated brain aging. The findings suggest the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific lipid profiles.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Toshiko Tanaka, Jayanta K. Das, Yichen Jin, Qu Tian, Ruin Moaddel, Ann Zenobia Moore, Katherine L. Tucker, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Luigi Ferrucci
Summary: This study explores the role of circulating metabolites in mediating the relationship between dietary protein and frailty. The results suggest that higher intake of plant protein is associated with lower levels of frailty, while animal protein does not show such association. The study also identifies specific metabolites, such as lipid metabolites and tryptophan-related metabolites, that mediate the protective effect of plant protein on frailty.
Review
Cell Biology
Adam R. Bothwell, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci, Qu Tian
Summary: In aging, olfactory deficits have been associated with lower cognition and motor function. Olfactory dysfunction is also one of the earliest features of neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the relationship between brain structural and functional measures and olfaction in older adults, highlighting that lower olfactory function is associated with smaller volumes in specific brain areas important for motor function and cognition, especially memory. Future longitudinal studies with neuroimaging across different brain areas are needed to understand the neurobiological changes underlying olfactory changes in the aging brain and the progression of neurodegeneration.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Caitlin N. Suire, Mangesh D. Hade
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects a large number of people, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. EVs contain diverse active components and can be transported to specific cells/tissues through the blood system.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2022)
