Article
Biology
C. -E. Schaum, A. Buckling, N. Smirnoff, G. Yvon-Durocher
Summary: This study examines the evolution of trait and tolerance curves in marine ecosystem foundation organisms using a globally distributed phytoplankton species. The results demonstrate that fluctuations in temperature rapidly lead to enhanced trait plasticity and elevated thermal tolerance in the populations. Furthermore, long-term temperature fluctuations result in the formation of two distinct populations, one evolving high trait plasticity and enhanced thermal tolerance, and the other resembling samples evolved under constant warming conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moriaki Yasuhara, Curtis A. Deutsch
Summary: The increase in species diversity towards the tropics is a remarkable global phenomenon that has not been fully explained yet. Evidence from ocean microfossils suggests that this pattern emerged due to ancient climate cooling and polar-climate dynamics.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Samuel Barton, Daniel Padfield, Abigail Masterson, Angus Buckling, Nicholas Smirnoff, Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Summary: Several experimental studies have shown that phytoplankton can adapt rapidly to warmed environments. However, these studies often use different experimental techniques, limiting our ability to compare thermal adaptation across different species. In this study, simultaneous long-term warming experiments were conducted on three phylogenetically diverse species of marine phytoplankton, revealing varying levels of thermal adaptation. Synechococcus sp. displayed the greatest improvement in fitness and thermal tolerance, Ostreococcus tauri showed some improvement but to a lesser extent, and Phaeodoactylum tricornutum showed no signs of adaptation. These findings can enhance our understanding of how phytoplankton communities may change in response to warming and the potential biogeochemical implications.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Rachel L. Fay, Kiet A. Ngo, Lili Kuo, Graham G. Willsey, Laura D. Kramer, Alexander T. Ciota
Summary: West Nile virus, introduced to North America in 1999, is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. Increasing temperature may affect virus replication rates, mutation frequencies, and evolutionary rates. Research shows that the virus has unique genetic signatures and adaptive potential at different temperatures.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guillaume G. Cossard, Jorn F. Gerchen, Xinji Li, Yves Cuenot, John R. Pannell
Summary: Experimental evolution results indicate that, in dioecious plant populations where males are removed, females can rapidly develop an increase in male flower production over several generations, showing masculinization. This phenomenon, accompanied by the evolution of partial self-fertilization and high seed set, suggests that under specific conditions, dioecious plants can quickly transition to hermaphroditism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samantha Stevenson, Sloan Coats, Danielle Touma, Julia Cole, Flavio Lehner, John Fasullo, Bette Otto-Bliesner
Summary: Variability in hydroclimate has significant impacts on natural and human systems globally. This study shows that extreme precipitation events and decadal variability will be strongly influenced by climate change. The increasing frequency and intensity of both wet and dry precipitation events pose adaptation challenges beyond current experiences.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
S. Andrefouet, O. Bionaz
Summary: This study reviews the use of MCRMP products in 62 representative studies since 2004, showcasing their application in coral reef inventories, conservation planning, biodiversity mapping, and connectivity and climate change modeling. The products have also been utilized for mapping other ecosystems, highlighting their versatility and potential impact in global-scale mapping projects.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yangkai Liu, Jian Liu, Chaolang Chen
Summary: Water scarcity poses a grave threat to human survival, especially in dry regions. In this study, a superhydrophilic conical copper needle was developed, inspired by cactus spines, for efficient water transportation and fog collection. The as-prepared copper needle formed a lubricating film on its surface, reducing friction and enabling self-propelled movement of water droplets. Furthermore, the copper needle exhibited a significantly improved water collection rate compared to the original copper needle. This work provides a cost-effective approach for fabricating conical copper needles for water manipulation and fog collection.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henry F. Wootton, Asta Audzijonyte, John Morrongiello
Summary: This study found that global warming and fishing can have strong impacts on wild fish stock recruitment, with warming accelerating development rates but causing a significant decline in recruitment after three generations. The impact of fishing on average size of spawners conflicts with warming effects, but recruitment rates can rapidly recover once fishing and warming are reduced.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew G. Burgess, Justin Ritchie, John Shapland, Roger Pielke
Summary: Recent studies have found divergences between observed trends and IEA projections of global CO2 emissions, largely due to slower-than-expected per-capita GDP growth. The future is uncertain, with potential continued divergences between IEA projections and baseline scenarios. Past discrepancies in economic growth compared to observations make it unlikely for per-capita GDP growth to catch up to expectations in the mid-century.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chi Zhang, Wei Qi, Jinwei Dong, Yu Deng
Summary: This study compares the performance of seven climate models in estimating GPP in China and finds that BCC-CSM2-MR and MPI-ESM1-2-HR provide the best estimations at both regional and national scales. However, no model can capture the interannual variation of GPP well, and all models produce excessive precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau, which affects the ecosystem. Improving the modelling of the Plateau climate and ecosystem-climate feedbacks is urgent.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maaike de Jong, Alexandra Jansen van Rensburg, Samuel Whiteford, Carl J. Yung, Mark Beaumont, Chris Jiggins, Jon Bridle
Summary: Understanding the rate and extent of adaptation of populations to novel environments at ecological margins is vital for predicting the survival of biological communities in a rapidly changing global environment. Recent expansion of the UK butterfly Aricia agestis range due to climate change has led to the evolution of new interactions with a larval food plant and the loss of its ability to use its ancestral host species. Analysis of genomic regions using ddRAD reveals the association of evolutionary responses with demographic history and ecological variation, suggesting polygenic evolution associated with climate adaptation. These data also suggest that rapid responses to climate change do not rely on the availability of pre-adapted genotypes, but instead on the assembly of novel genotypes from multiple localities.
Article
Water Resources
Alison L. Kay
Summary: Climate change is likely to result in significant changes in river flows, with large decreases in summer flows and possible increases in winter flows across Great Britain. Up-to-date information on flow changes is essential for developing appropriate adaptation strategies, and comparisons with previous projections can help in updating existing plans, although such comparisons are often not straightforward.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ali Serkan Bayar, M. Tugrul Yilmaz, Ismail Yucel, Paul Dirmeyer
Summary: This study uses the latest CMIP6 and previous CMIP5 models to explore how climate change will affect future climate zones and ecosystems. The models show significant changes in climate zones, with a large portion of land projected to switch climate zones by the end of the century. CMIP6 models exhibit better performance in replicating observed climate zones and project a higher rate of climate zone change compared to CMIP5 models. The findings highlight the urgent need for action to protect terrestrial ecosystems.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lin Zhao, Chunmei Ma, Qinmian Xu, Yunkai Deng, Guangchun Shang, Lingyu Tang
Summary: The study found that during the warm and wet climate period on the northern coast of the Bohai Sea from 8.2-7.0 cal ka BP, there was a higher abundance of deciduous broadleaved trees, indicating a stronger Asian summer monsoon. However, there were also periods of decreased abundance, suggesting a relatively cool and dry climate.
Article
Ecology
Emily J. Austen, Arthur E. Weis
Article
Plant Sciences
Arthur E. Weis
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES
(2015)
Review
Evolutionary Biology
Steven J. Franks, Elena Hamann, Arthur E. Weis
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emily J. Austen, Arthur E. Weis
Article
Ecology
Arthur E. Weis
ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS
(2014)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arthur E. Weis
Article
Ecology
Madeline A. E. Peters, Arthur E. Weis
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Steven J. Franks, Arthur E. Weis
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2009)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emily J. Austen, Donald A. Jackson, Arthur E. Weis
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES
(2014)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Geoffrey Legault, Arthur E. Weis
Article
Ecology
Elena Hamann, Arthur E. Weis, Steven J. Franks
Article
Plant Sciences
Madeline A. E. Peters, Arthur E. Weis
Article
Plant Sciences
Sydney B. Wizenberg, Arthur E. Weis, Lesley G. Campbell
APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cameron P. So, Mia M. Sibolibane, Arthur E. Weis
Summary: The study found that growing wild cabbage in different environments resulted in an increase in additive genetic variance under greenhouse conditions, but no clear pattern of conversion of dominance variance emerged. Further research is needed to determine if changes in additive genetic variance between environments can be traced back to the conversion of dominance variance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2022)