4.6 Article

Predicting and setting conservation priorities for Bolivian mammals based on biological correlates of the risk of decline

期刊

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
卷 29, 期 3, 页码 834-843

出版社

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12453

关键词

extinction; population trend; predictive modeling; random forest; species vulnerability; bosque aleatorio; extincion; modelado predictivo; tendencia poblacional; vulnerabilidad de especies

资金

  1. Organization of the American States

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The recognition that growing proportions of species worldwide are endangered has led to the development of comparative analyses to elucidate why some species are more prone to extinction than others. Understanding factors and patterns of species vulnerability might provide an opportunity to develop proactive conservation strategies. Such comparative analyses are of special concern at national scales because this is the scale at which most conservation initiatives take place. We applied powerful ensemble learning models to test for biological correlates of the risk of decline among the Bolivian mammals to understand species vulnerability at a national scale and to predict the population trend for poorly known species. Risk of decline was nonrandomly distributed: higher proportions of large-sized taxa were under decline, whereas small-sized taxa were less vulnerable. Body mass, mode of life (i.e., aquatic, terrestrial, volant), geographic range size, litter size, home range, niche specialization, and reproductive potential were strongly associated with species vulnerability. Moreover, we found interacting and nonlinear effects of key traits on the risk of decline of mammals at a national scale. Our model predicted 35 data-deficient species in decline on the basis of their biological vulnerability, which should receive more attention in order to prevent their decline. Our results highlight the relevance of comparative analysis at relatively narrow geographical scales, reveal previously unknown factors related to species vulnerability, and offer species-by-species outcomes that can be used to identify targets for conservation, especially for insufficiently known species. Predeccion y Definicion de Prioridades de Conservacion para Mamiferos de Bolivia con Base en Correlaciones Biologicas del Riesgo de Declinacion Resumen El reconocimiento de que proporciones crecientes de especies a nivel mundial se encuentran en peligro de extincion ha llevado al desarrollo de analisis comparativos para elucidar por que algunas especies son mas propensas que otras a la extincion. Entender los factores y patrones de la vulnerabilidad de especies puede proporcionar una oportunidad para desarrollar estrategias proactivas de conservacion. Estos analisis comparativos son de un interes especial a escalas nacionales porque es en esta escala en la que tienen lugar la mayoria de las iniciativas de conservacion. Aplicamos un poderoso conjunto de modelos de aprendizaje para evaluar correlatos biologicos del riesgo de declinacion entre los mamiferos de Bolivia y asi entender la vulnerabilidad de las especies a una escala nacional y predecir la tendencia poblacional para especies poco conocidas. El riesgo de declinacion no estuvo distribuido de manera aleatoria: mayores proporciones de taxones grandes estuvieron bajo declinacion, mientras que los taxones de tamanos pequenos fueron menos vulnerables. La masa corporal, el modo de vida (p. ej.: acuatico, terrestre, volador), el tamano de la extension geografica, el tamano de camada, la amplitud del habitat, la especializacion de nicho y el potencial reproductivo estuvieron asociados fuertemente con la vulnerabilidad de las especies. Ademas, hallamos efectos interactuantes y no lineales de caracteres clave sobre el riesgo de declinacion de mamiferos a una escala nacional. Nuestro modelo pronostico la declinacion de 35 especies con deficit de datos con base en su vulnerabilidad biologica, especies que deben recibir mas atencion para evitar su declinacion. Nuestros resultados resaltan la relevancia de los analisis comparativos a una escala geografica relativamente estrecha, revelan factores previamente desconocidos en relacion con la vulnerabilidad de la especie y ofrecen resultados especie-por-especie que pueden usarse para identificar objetivos de conservacion, especialmente especies poco conocidas.

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