Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Candice L. K. Copetti, Fernando Diefenthaeler, Fernanda Hansen, Francilene G. K. Vieira, Patricia F. Di Pietro
Summary: This review summarizes the effects of fruit-derived anthocyanins on cycling-induced responses and cycling performance. The studies found that anthocyanin supplementation may lead to lower oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle damage, and fatigue, increased production of nitric oxide, improved vascular function and muscle oxygenation, and enhanced performance. Additionally, an observed increase in fat oxidation can also improve performance.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Olga Lopez-Torres, Celia Rodriguez-Longobardo, Raquel Capel-Escoriza, Valentin E. Fernandez-Elias
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the effects of ergogenic aids used by female athletes on sports performance. The results showed that caffeine improved jumping performance, isometric strength, and the number of repetitions till failure. Caffeine and sodium phosphate improved sprint performance. Taurine, caffeine, and beta-alanine improved aerobic tests. More studies are needed to examine the effects of different ergogenic aids on female athletes' performance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aggelos Pappas, Athanasios Tsiokanos, Ioannis Fatouros, Athanasios Poulios, Dimitris Kouretas, Nikos Goutzourelas, Giannis Giakas, Athanasios Jamurtas
Summary: This study found that supplementation with spirulina following a muscle damaging protocol did not result in beneficial effects on redox status, muscle performance or damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Thiago Silveira Alvares, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Monica Volino-Souza, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior, Juan Manuel Murias
Summary: Dietary nitrate ingestion has a positive effect on muscular strength and muscular endurance, with a more significant impact observed during isometric and isotonic contractions. Dosage, frequency of ingestion, training level, muscle group, and type of contraction do not appear to significantly affect the outcomes. Further experimental research is needed to explore this topic.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Agustin Mora-Fernandez, Alejandro Lopez-Moro, Luis Javier Chirosa-Rios, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
Summary: This study analysed the nutritional status of male and female handball players and found that their dietary habits do not seem to meet the demands of the sport. The results indicated that handball players require adequate hydration, normal plasma electrolyte levels, and sufficient energy intake.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Samuel N. Cheuvront, Robert W. Kenefick
Summary: Effective fluid and fuel strategies are crucial for prolonged exercise in the heat, requiring personalized adjustments to meet individual needs. Understanding sweat rates and appropriate fluid intake are key in developing an effective hydration strategy.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding, Sophie C. Broome, Tom Stewart, John B. Cronin, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This study found that exercising in the overnight-fasted state increased fat oxidation during submaximal exercise, while exercise following a carbohydrate-rich breakfast reduced fat oxidation. Pre-exercise protein ingestion allowed similarly high levels of fat oxidation, and there were no differences in perceived exertion, hunger, or performance. Additionally, pre-exercise nutrition ingestion did not influence exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Widemar Ferraz da Silva, Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Leandro Jose Camati Felippe, Guilherme Assuncao Ferreira, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on physical and cognitive performance. It found that caffeine mouth rinse can improve cognitive performance, but the effects on physical performance are more uncertain.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Kristin L. Jonvik, Daan Hoogervorst, Harmen B. Peelen, Mark De Niet, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. Van Loon, Jan-Willem van Dijk
Summary: The study found that dietary nitrate supplementation did not improve maximal strength, countermovement jump performance, and muscular endurance in healthy, active males.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alisson H. Marinho, Jaqueline S. Goncalves, Palloma K. Araujo, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Thays Ataide-Silva, Gustavo G. de Araujo
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine and creatine on exercise performance and found that ingesting caffeine after creatine loading can provide additional benefits, while ingesting caffeine during creatine loading does not seem to have apparent benefits.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Laura Gilsanz, Jaime Lopez-Seoane, Sergio L. Jimenez, Helios Pareja-Galeano
Summary: Co-supplementation of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate can enhance buffering capacity and improve athletic performance, especially during high-intensity exercises lasting between 30 seconds and 10 minutes.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Richard S. Metcalfe, Matthew Thomas, Christopher Lamb, Enhad A. Chowdhury
Summary: Omitting breakfast can impair evening exercise performance, but this is more related to meal timing rather than the amount of carbohydrates consumed during lunch. Providing a high-carbohydrate breakfast in the morning may be beneficial for optimizing evening exercise performance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alan de Albuquerque Melo, Victor Jose Bastos-Silva, Felipe Arruda Moura, Rodrigo Rico Bini, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
Summary: The study found that caffeine mouth rinse can enhance endurance performance and perceived effort rating, while reducing muscle activity during moderate-intensity exercise. The results suggest that using caffeine mouth rinse may be beneficial in improving exercise performance.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Roriz, Pedro Brito, Filipe J. Teixeira, Joao Brito, Vitor Hugo Teixeira
Summary: Exercise in hot and humid environments can be detrimental to athlete's health and performance. This systematic review examined the effects of internal administration of ice, cold beverages, and menthol solutions on physical performance during exercise in different environmental conditions. The results showed that rinsing with a menthol solution improved physical performance during continuous endurance exercise in the heat. However, the ingestion of ice or cold beverages did not consistently enhance performance, with potential benefits observed in continuous endurance trials. Combining menthol with ice beverages seemed to have a synergistic effect on physical performance. Internal cooling strategies may have an ergogenic effect even in moderate environmental conditions. Further research with elite athletes in intermittent and outdoor exercise protocols is needed.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gohar Azhar, Jeanne Y. Wei, Scott E. Schutzler, Karen Coker, Regina Gibson, Mitchell F. Kirby, Arny A. Ferrando, Robert R. Wolfe
Summary: The study found that dietary supplementation with an essential amino acid-based composition can significantly improve physical function, grip strength, leg strength, reduce body weight and fat mass, and lower LDL concentration in older individuals. Compliance with the supplements was high and no adverse responses were observed, indicating that EAA-based supplementation may be a beneficial therapy for older adults with low physical functional capacity.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jozo Grgic
Summary: This review investigated the acute effects of sodium bicarbonate on Wingate test performance and found that sodium bicarbonate had an ergogenic effect on mean power in repeated Wingate tests, while its impact on peak power was limited.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Jozo Grgic, Brad J. Schoenfeld, John Orazem, Filip Sabol
Summary: Training to muscle failure or non-failure does not have a significant impact on muscular strength and hypertrophy, except in studies where training volume is not equated between the groups, favoring non-failure training for strength gains. In resistance-trained individuals, training to failure has a significant effect on muscle hypertrophy.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Jozo Grgic
Summary: This meta-analysis found that the use of CWI following resistance exercise sessions attenuates muscular strength gains in males. However, when CWI was applied to the whole body, there was no significant difference in muscular strength gains between CWI and control.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Jozo Grgic, Pavle Mikulic
Summary: The meta-analysis found that caffeine ingestion significantly enhances rate of force development (RFD), particularly during resistance exercises. Higher doses of caffeine showed larger effects on RFD improvement. However, the effects were not significant during countermovement jump tests.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jozo Grgic
Summary: In recent studies, the effects of paracetamol on exercise performance have been explored, but due to conflicting findings, there is still no consensus on this topic. Paracetamol ingestion may enhance endurance performance and improve sprinting and resistance exercise performance. However, the use of paracetamol as an ergogenic aid needs to consider side effects and ethical concerns.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jozo Grgic, Pavle Mikulic
Summary: This review conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of attentional focus on muscular endurance. The results indicated that an external focus of attention improved muscular endurance compared to an internal focus and control. The findings have important practical implications for enhancing muscular endurance through training.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jozo Grgic
Summary: This review conducted a meta-analysis of multiple studies and found that caffeine supplementation can enhance isometric handgrip strength, particularly at small or moderate-to-high doses, in liquid or capsule form. However, these ergogenic effects were very small and were mainly observed among male participants.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Javier Diaz-Lara, Jozo Grgic, Daniele Detanico, Javier Botella, Sergio L. Jimenez, Juan Del Coso
Summary: The interest in the benefits of caffeine in combat sports has increased significantly. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies show that caffeine ingestion improves vertical jump height, reaction time, number of throws in a special judo fitness test, and offensive actions during combat. Caffeine ingestion also increases blood lactate concentration after bouts. Overall, supplementing with caffeine can enhance exercise performance in combat sports.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jozo Grgic
Summary: This review study found that caffeine has an ergogenic effect on resistance exercise performance even at low doses, and the magnitude of the effects is similar to that of higher doses. These findings indicate that the minimum effective dose of caffeine for enhancing performance is lower than previously suggested, and such doses can be obtained through a regular diet.
Letter
Sport Sciences
Jozo Grgic
Article
Food Science & Technology
J. Grgic
Summary: This meta-analysis explores the effects of low doses of caffeine (<3 mg/kg) on jumping performance and finds that it can enhance jump height. The effects are similar to higher caffeine doses and low doses of caffeine have minimal side effects.
NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
J. Grgic
Summary: This paper examines the effects of caffeine on swimming performance through a meta-analysis. The results show that caffeine ingestion has an ergogenic effect on swimming performance, especially in short-distance and moderate-to-long distance events. These findings are significant for competitive swimming outcomes.
NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Jozo Grgic
Summary: This paper conducted a review of studies on the reliability of the EUROFIT test battery. Six excellent quality studies were included in the review, and the findings suggest that the EUROFIT can be used as a reliable battery of tests to assess physical fitness. However, more research in different populations and exploration of variables that may impact reliability are needed.
SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Muhammed M. Atakan, Yasemin Guzel, Nipun Shrestha, Sukran N. Kosar, Jozo Grgic, Todd A. Astorino, Huseyin H. Turnagol, Zeljko Pedisic
Summary: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) have a significant effect on fat oxidation during exercise. The effects are greater than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The effects are more pronounced with longer training regimens and in individuals with overweight/obesity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Carlos Alix-Fages, Jozo Grgic, Pablo Jimenez-Martinez, Eneko Baz-Valle, Carlos Balsalobre-Fernandez
Summary: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the impact of mental fatigue on upper and lower body strength endurance. The researchers searched for relevant studies in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, and included studies that compared the effects of a demanding cognitive task on strength endurance in dynamic resistance exercise. The pooled analysis of the included studies revealed that mental fatigue significantly decreased the number of performed repetitions in both upper and lower body exercises. The findings suggest that exposure to cognitive tasks inducing mental fatigue should be limited before strength endurance-based resistance exercise sessions.