Article
Biophysics
Francesca Della Sala, Teresa Silvestri, Assunta Borzacchiello, Laura Mayol, Luigi Ambrosio, Marco Biondi
Summary: The study found that the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid plays a significant role in the uptake and selectivity of nanoparticles in CD44-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells. Specifically, HA 800 kDa nanoparticles exhibited the highest uptake response, while HA 1400 kDa nanoparticles showed the lowest uptake. The interaction between nanoparticles and tumor cells is influenced by the rearrangement and conformation of the HA chain segment protruding from the nanoparticles.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Afsana Sheikh, Sahim Aziz Hazari, Nagashekhara Molugulu, Saad Ali Alshehri, Shadma Wahab, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Summary: This article investigates the potential of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with gallic acid (GA) for the treatment of psoriasis. The study found that coating the nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid (HA) slightly increased the particle size but enhanced their inhibitory effect on cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated the potential of HA-modified nanoparticles in restricting psoriasis. Further research should explore the application of HA-modified nanoparticles in the treatment of other skin-related conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Prashant Kesharwani, Rahul Chadar, Afsana Sheikh, Waleed Y. Rizg, Awaji Y. Safhi
Summary: Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in various solid tumors. It plays a significant role in cell proliferation, cell-to-cell interaction, cellular migration, inflammation, and immune responses. Nanocarriers have been developed to target the CD44 receptor and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) also plays a crucial role in cancer therapy and interacts with CD44, providing a potential approach for targeted therapy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Min Li, Jiao Sun, Wenjun Zhang, Yinan Zhao, Shufen Zhang, Shubiao Zhang
Summary: Polysaccharide-based biomaterials hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) have attracted attention for drug delivery in tumor therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility and targeting ability for cluster determinant 44 (CD44). This review covers the formation and various types of CS-based NPs, as well as the applications of HA- and CS-based NPs in tumor chemotherapy, gene therapy, and other cancer therapies.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ye Liang, Yonghua Wang, Liping Wang, Zhijuan Liang, Dan Li, Xiaoyu Xu, Yuanbin Chen, Xuecheng Yang, Hongbo Zhang, Haitao Niu
Summary: This study developed a CD44 targeted gene delivery system based on natural macromolecules for effective bladder cancer treatment, which could be more conducive to clinical application due to its simple preparation and high biological safety.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xiuxiu Wang, Ru Cheng, Zhiyuan Zhong
Summary: High-efficacy targeted nanotherapeutics based on FDA approved polymers like PLGA, such as HA-sPLGA XNPs, show promise in achieving enhanced treatment of A549 lung tumor, with fast cellular uptake and significantly improved potency compared to other nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrate prolonged elimination half-life and notable tumor accumulation, making them a unique and potentially translatable platform for chemotherapy of CD44-overexpressing tumors.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Amirreza Mansoori-Kermani, Sadaf Khalighi, Iman Akbarzadeh, Fazeleh Ranjbar Niavol, Hamidreza Motasadizadeh, Athar Mahdieh, Vahid Jahed, Masoud Abdinezhad, Nikoo Rahbariasr, Mahshid Hosseini, Nima Ahmadkhani, Behnam Panahi, Yousef Fatahi, Masoud Mozafari, Alan Prem Kumar, Ebrahim Mostafavi
Summary: An optimized system of HA-coated nanocarriers has been developed for targeted breast cancer treatment. The system showed reduced drug release, increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro, and CD44-mediated cellular uptake mechanism. In vivo experiments demonstrated significant tumor volume reduction without side effects.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
C. -S. Lee, T. W. Kim, Y. Kang, Y. Ju, J. Ryu, H. Kong, Y. -S. Jang, D. E. Oh, S. J. Jang, H. Cho, S. Jeon, J. Kim, T. H. Kim
Summary: This study developed hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified dendrimer encapsulating gold nanoparticles (AuDEN) as a nanocarrier for effective targeted drug delivery in ovarian cancer treatment. The nanocarriers efficiently loaded doxorubicin (DOX) and released it in an acidic tumor microenvironment. The nanocarriers exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer cells and showed promising results in inhibiting tumor growth in an in vivo model.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Youkabed Kazemi, Sadegh Dehghani, Fatemeh Soltani, Khalil Abnous, Mona Alibolandi, Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi, Mohammad Ramezani
Summary: Nanomaterial-based drug delivery using HA-targeted nanocarrier loaded with DOX showed promising anti-cancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The smart nanosystem demonstrated controlled drug release in response to ATP content and improved cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. The HA-targeted formulation enhanced survival rate and tumor inhibition in tumor-bearing mice compared to free DOX.
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Manpreet Bariana, Beilu Zhang, Jingyu Sun, Weiwei Wang, Jinping Wang, Elena Cassella, Faith Myint, Shaina A. Anuncio, Samedy Ouk, Hsiou-Chi Liou, Ming Tan, Hongjun Wang, Johannes L. Zakrzewski
Summary: Precision nanomedicine can effectively and safely induce targeted antitumor responses, overcoming challenges associated with traditional treatment approaches. In this study, a therapeutic nanocomposite was formulated using a hyaluronic acid-coated gold nanoframework (AuNF) delivery system loaded with IT848, a small molecule with potent anti-lymphoma and -myeloma properties. The research demonstrated that the HA-AuNF-formulated IT848 showed superior efficacy in lymphoma mouse models compared to free IT848, confirming the potential of the AuNF system for targeted cancer therapy.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Meysam Soleymani, Mohammad Velashjerdi, Mahsa Asgari
Summary: This study developed a facile method to prepare hyaluronic acid-decorated mixed nanomicelles loaded with curcumin for targeted therapy of breast cancer cells with high CD44 receptor expression. The targeted nanomicelles showed enhanced cytotoxicity of curcumin against cancer cells compared to non-targeted nanomicelles. These findings suggest that curcumin-loaded HA-PD mixed nanomicelles have potential as a promising targeted drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haojue Wang, Wanfei Shao, Xianyi Lu, Chunxia Gao, Ling Fang, Xiaojun Yang, Peizhi Zhu
Summary: A novel nano-drug delivery system, HA-MA-MTX, was developed in this study to enhance the accumulation of MTX in tumors and minimize toxicity to normal tissues. The system combines MTX as a tumor-targeting ligand, HA as another tumor-targeting ligand, and MA as an anti-inflammatory agent. In vitro experiments showed that HA-MA-MTX nanoparticles effectively inhibited K7 cancer cells while exhibiting lower toxicity to normal MC3T3-E1 cells compared to MTX.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raquibun Nisha, Pranesh Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Nidhi Mishra, Priyanka Maurya, Priya Singh, Heena Tabassum, Alka, Samipta Singh, Anupam Guleria, Shubhini A. Saraf
Summary: Hyaluronic acid-functionalised imatinib mesylate cubosomes (HA-IM CBs) show promising anti-hepatic cancer activity with CD44 targeting capability, higher drug concentration, and improved pharmacokinetics. These cubosomes stimulate the CD44-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, demonstrating their potential against HCC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Li-Jung Kang, Juhwan Yoon, Jun Gi Rho, Hwa Seung Han, Seulbi Lee, Young Soo Oh, Hwan Kim, Eunha Kim, Seok Jung Kim, Yong Taik Lim, Jae Hyung Park, Woo Keun Song, Siyoung Yang, Wook Kim
Summary: This study suggests that an empty self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticle (HA-NP) may be a potential therapeutic agent targeting CD44 for osteoarthritis treatment. The CD44-NF-kappa B-catabolic gene axis is identified as an underlying mechanism of destructive cartilage disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lin Li, Chang Liu, Jing Fu, Yan Wang, Danyang Yang, Bing Peng, Xin Liu, Xuyang Han, Yujiao Meng, Fang Feng, Xueqing Hu, Cong Qi, Yazhuo Wang, Ying Zheng, Ping Li
Summary: Hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers, with indirubin nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in a hydrogel matrix, were used for targeted delivery of indirubin to psoriatic skin through CD44-assisted mechanism. The results showed enhanced absorption and therapeutic efficacy of indirubin for psoriasis treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Shivangani Mahajan, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: A mild and simple protocol has been developed for the formation of sulfenylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines. This metal-free iodine/TBHP-mediated one-pot multicomponent reaction enables C-H functionalization of the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine skeleton and subsequent sulfenylation to yield the desired products in good to high yields. The extension and applications of this method have also been demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Debojyoti Bag, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: This study presents an unprecedented Au(I)-catalyzed strategy for intramolecular carbonyl-alkyne cyclization/indole addition. It allows for the synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes incorporating 3(2H)-furanone and the generation of a stereocenter at the furanone junction using easily accessible indole-tethered ynediones. Moreover, this protocol can be extended to synthesize a variety of indolyl-(hetero)arylmethanes by utilizing different (hetero)arenes as nucleophile coupling partners.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sameer Ullah Khan, Anup Singh Pathania, Abubakar Wani, Kaneez Fatima, Mubashir Javed Mintoo, Baseerat Hamza, Masroor Ahmad Paddar, Wadhwa Bhumika, Loveleena Kour Anand, Mir Shahid Maqbool, Sameer Ahmad Mir, Jaspreet Kour, Vunnam Venkateswarlu, Dilip Manikrao Mondhe, Sanghapal D. Sawant, Fayaz Malik
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaspreet Kour, Pratiksha Khajuria, Alpa Sharma, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: A facile and eco-friendly halogenation protocol using TBAX as halogenating agent has been developed, showing great potential in organic synthesis and demonstrating its applicability in laboratory research.
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Harpreet Kour, Alpa Sharma, Jaspreet Kour, Mukhtar Ahmed, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: A metal-free and green approach has been developed for the N-H functionalization of sulfoximines under mild reaction conditions. This method offers a simple and efficient way to obtain sulfoximinated-oxime conjugates without the need for expensive ligands or bases. The protocol is applicable to a wide range of substrates and can tolerate various functional groups, resulting in good to excellent yields.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Debojyoti Bag, Harpreet Kour, Nirjhar Saha, Kamal, Harish Holla, Prasad Bharatam, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: A general electrophilic iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade transformation for 1,2-alkynediones was reported, enabling the synthesis of various oxygen heterocycles and regioselective alkyne hydroxylation. Furan-tethered ynediones led to the construction of exo-enol ethers via carbonyl-alkyne cyclization-initiated heteroarene dearomatization, whereas other (hetero)arene-, alkenyl-, and alkyl-tethered ynediones resulted in the formation of highly functionalized 3(2H)-furanones. The developed domino protocols allow for the construction of important heterocyclic scaffolds and the installation of two functional groups in a single operation, with water as a nucleophile enabling regioselective alkyne hydroxylation via furanone ring opening.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abhinandan D. Hudwekar, Pankul Kotwal, Mohd. Ishaq Dar, Shilpi Balgotra, Ashish Dogra, Jaspreet Kour, Santosh S. Chobe, Utpal Nandi, Sajad Hussain Syed, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: Continuing our research on sildenafil analogs as inhibitors of PDE5 for erectile dysfunction, we found that modifications at the N-methylpiperazine ring with hydrophobic region followed by hydrogen bond donor or acceptor region have potential. However, previously identified leads had limitations such as poor pharmacokinetic profile, low aqueous solubility, and poor bioavailability. Therefore, we designed, synthesized, and screened a new series of sildenafil based analogs. Compound 18 showed excellent in vitro activity with selectivity towards PDE5 isozyme, as well as excellent in vivo activity and pharmacokinetic profile. The compound also exhibited excellent cyp inhibition and CaCO2 permeability.
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dilpreet Kour, Mehboob Ali, Parul Khajuria, Kuhu Sharma, Palash Ghosh, Sukhleen Kaur, Surbhi Mahajan, P. Ramajayan, Sonali S. Bharate, Subhash Bhardwaj, Sanghapal D. Sawant, D. Srinivasa Reddy, Ajay Kumar
Summary: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by complications arising from the sickling of erythrocytes due to a point mutation in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin. Flurbiprofen, a COX-2 inhibitor, was found to be a potent inhibitor of heme-induced NLRP3 inflammasome, providing potential for pain management and disease modification in SCD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Abhishek Gour, Dilpreet Kour, Ramajayan Pandian, Mahir Bhardwaj, Sanghapal D. D. Sawant, Ajay Kumar, Utpal Nandi
Summary: The present study investigated the potential of ellagic acid as an adjuvant therapy for managing sickle cell disease (SCD) symptoms. The results showed that ellagic acid exhibited numerous beneficial pharmacological actions, including anti-sickling, polymerization inhibition, and improvement of key hematological parameters. It also showed a protective effect against toxicological manifestations of the key drug hydroxyurea (HU) used for SCD treatment. Therefore, ellagic acid holds promise as a candidate for adjuvant therapy in SCD.
ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suraya Jan, Mohd I. Dar, Gauri Shankar, Rubiada Wani, Jagjeet Sandey, Shilpi Balgotra, Syed Mudassir, Mohd J. Dar, Sanghapal D. Sawant, Yusuf Akhter, Sajad H. Syed
Summary: In this study, a new screening assay for G9a inhibitors was developed, and SDS-347 was identified as a novel, peptide competitive, and highly specific G9a inhibitor with promising anticancer potential.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Debojyoti Bag, Harpreet Kour, Nirjhar Saha, Kamal, Harish Holla, Prasad V. Bharatam, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: A general electrophilic iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade transformation for 1,2-alkynediones is reported, leading to the synthesis of various oxygen heterocycles and regioselective alkyne hydroxylation. The reaction allows the construction of important heterocyclic scaffolds and the installation of two functional groups in a single operation.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Mukhtar Ahmed, Shivangani Mahajan, Jaspreet Kour, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: An ortho-selective C-H alkenylation method using sulfonylpyrazoles and pyrazoles as directing groups has been developed, giving high yields of site-selective mono-alkenylated products under mild reaction conditions. The synthesized alkenylated sulfonylpyrazole and pyrazole derivatives have great biological importance and potential as antifungal and anti-tumor agents.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Mukhtar Ahmed, Shivangani Mahajan, Jaspreet Kour, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: The ortho-selective C-H alkenylation of arenes using sulfonylpyrazoles and pyrazoles as directing groups has been achieved, leading to the synthesis of a variety of highly decorated alkenylated sulfonylpyrazole and pyrazole derivatives. These compounds have shown significant biological potential as potential antifungal and anti-tumor agents.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Debojyoti Bag, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: This article presents the Ag(i)-catalyzed highly diastereoselective construction of divergent spiroindolines. The method involves dearomatizing spirocyclization of indole-tethered ynones followed by C-nucleophile or hydride trapping, leading to the formation of two new C-C bonds and two contiguous stereocenters. The strategy demonstrates broad applicability with (hetero)arenes as C-nucleophiles and exhibits excellent diastereoselectivity.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alpa Sharma, Harpreet Kour, Jaspreet Kour, Kamal, Sanghapal D. Sawant
Summary: A catalytic oxidative addition of sulfoximines to naphthoquinones via C-H functionalization has been achieved using an iron catalytic system. It shows good reactivity and high regioselectivity in the presence of visible light. This study provides an efficient protocol for obtaining (naphtho)quinone-sulfoximine hybrid analogs in moderate to good yields with a wide scope for substrates. The protocol has also been successfully applied to the modification of natural products.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xuezhi Zhuo, Vito Fodera, Per Larsson, Zarah Schaal, Christel A. S. Bergstrom, Korbinian Lobmann, Aleksei Kabedev
Summary: Our previous work demonstrated that beta-lactoglobulin-stabilized amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) loaded with 70 % indomethacin remains stable for over 12 months. We further investigated the stabilization mechanisms by testing five other drug molecules and using experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that steric confinement, hydrogen bonding, and the glass transition temperature of the drug molecule play important roles in stabilizing ASDs with high drug loadings.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sebastian Schmidt, Ulrike Holzgrabe
Summary: The binding of drugs to plasma proteins, such as human serum albumin (HSA), is crucial for determining pharmacokinetic parameters. This study investigated the enantioselective binding of S- and R-ketamine to HSA. It was found that ketamine has weak affinity to HSA, with no significant differences in binding behavior between the individual enantiomers and the racemate. The aromatic ring and N-methyl group were identified as the most strongly involved structural moieties in the binding of ketamine to HSA.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yuchen Zhao, Han Wang, Lin Jin, Ziwei Zhang, Lianghu Liu, Mengqi Zhou, Xianzheng Zhang, Lingling Zhang
Summary: Interleukins (ILs) are important for communication between immune cells and non-immune cells, but dysregulation of ILs expression is a characteristic of autoinflammatory diseases. Drugs targeting ILs have significant clinical benefits, but may also cause adverse reactions. Fusion protein technology, with its ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy, has been explored for developing anti-inflammatory drugs. This review discusses the efficacy of fusion protein drugs developed with ILs or their receptors in treating autoinflammatory diseases, highlighting the potential of this technology in future anti-inflammatory drug development.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Serena Bertoni, Elena Simone, Stefano Sangiorgi, Beatrice Albertini, Nadia Passerini
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between the structure and release properties of solid lipid microparticles (MPs) with different liquid additives. The additives accelerated the conversion of the unstable alpha-form of tristearin to the stable beta-polymorph and caused structural modifications in the MPs. The presence of additives prolonged the drug release in water and resulted in higher release profiles in biorelevant media. The findings suggest that the release behavior can be influenced by the polymorphism and supramolecular-level structural modification of lipid formulations containing crystal modifiers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Juulia Jarvinen, Ahmed B. Montaser, Santosh Kumar Adla, Jukka Leppanen, Marko Lehtonen, Kati-Sisko Vellonen, Tuomo Laitinen, Aaro Jalkanen, William F. Elmquist, Juri Timonen, Kristiina M. Huttunen, Jarkko Rautio
Summary: This study attempted to alter the brain distribution pattern of Palbociclib by creating and assessing two novel prodrugs. Although the prodrug design did not significantly improve Palbociclib brain delivery, the study provides valuable insights for future prodrug development and drug delivery strategies targeting specific transporters.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Miao Wang, Xinyu Ma, Shiyu Zong, Yaqiong Su, Rui Su, Hong Zhang, Yang Liu, Chunliu Wang, Ye Li
Summary: This article discusses the potential and limitations of nasal administration in central nervous system drug delivery. Nasal gel viscosity can alleviate the impact of nasal mucociliary clearance on drug delivery, and materials such as gellan gum, chitosan, carbomer, cellulose, and poloxamer can be used to prepare nasal gels.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bjarke Strom Larsen, Eric Kissi, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira, Natalja Genina, Ingunn Tho
Summary: This study investigates the influence of drug load and polymer molecular weight on the structure of 3D printed tablets. The results show that drug load and polymer molecular weight have a significant impact on the porosity and size of the tablets, while the effect of drug load on the total porosity of the tablets is minimal.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhentao Qiao, Fuhang Wang, Dongjian Han, Yuansong Zhuang, Qingjiao Jiang, Yi Zhang, Miaomiao Liu, Quanxu An, Zhiwei Wang, Deliang Shen
Summary: In this study, it was demonstrated that periadventitial delivery of rapamycin-fibrin glue (RPM-FG) can inhibit intimal hyperplasia (IH) in a rat carotid artery injury model without compromising re-endothelialization. This provides a promising direction for the future development of a safe, effective, and minimally invasive perivascular drug delivery method to treat vascular disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Neele Puhlmann, Rodrigo Vidaurre, Klaus Kuemmerer
Summary: Active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites and transformation products are pollutants that can harm human and environmental health. Designing greener APIs is an effective strategy to address this issue. The drug discovery and development process can incorporate environmental parameters to achieve this design, and this process is highly flexible.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2024)
