Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Carlos Cinelli, Judea Pearl
Summary: This study demonstrates how to generalize experimental results across diverse populations using knowledge of local mechanisms, providing methods to differentiate causation probabilities in different scenarios, set boundaries for target effects, and identify new results for causation probabilities and transported causal effects from trials in multiple source domains. It also introduces a Bayesian approach for estimating transported causal effects from finite samples.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Economics
Michael Gechter
Summary: In this article, the author examines the informative value of treatment effects estimated in one context for another context. By using experimental evidence from a different context, the author derives bounds on the average treatment effect in the context of interest. Empirical analysis using data from remedial education experiments in India demonstrates that these bounds can recover average treatment effects in one location using results from the other, while the benchmark method fails to do so.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMIC STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Shuang Li, Daniel F. Heitjan
Summary: This article reviews the process of estimating the external validity of treatment effects from clinical trials, i.e., how to generalize trial results to the target population. The traditional method of adjusting trial results is post-stratification and reweighting, while contemporary methods use stratification and weighting techniques based on individual-level population data. These methods are more flexible but require additional data.
STATISTICS IN BIOPHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Business
Zhenxing Gong, Faheem Gul Gilal, Naeem Gul Gilal, Lyn M. Van Swol, Rukhsana Gul Gilal
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of career adaptability and their correlations with various antecedents and outcomes. Four profiles of career adaptability were identified, which were influenced by antecedents and impacted psychological safety and self-efficacy.
EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yibo Chen, Mengmeng Jiang, Xin Chen
Summary: TNFR2 agonists have potential as therapies for inflammatory diseases by activating and expanding immunosuppressive Treg cells and MDSCs. However, the role of TNFR2 signaling in immune or inflammatory responses is complex due to its expression on both Treg cells and activated effector T cells. This review analyzes factors that may influence the therapeutic outcomes of TNFR2 agonism and discusses the future direction of developing TNFR2 agonists as therapeutic agents based on recent progress in TNFR2 biology and agonistic agents.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mallory Farrar, Leslie Lundt, Ericha Franey, Chuck Yonan
Summary: By analyzing patient and caregiver insights through social media listening, this study provides a better understanding of the unmet needs of patients with TD. The research indicates that movement-related symptoms are the main concern for patients, leading to strong feelings of anger and insecurity.
Article
Surgery
Thibault Durin, Ugo Marchese, Alain Sauvanet, Safi Dokmak, Zineb Cherkaoui, David Fuks, Christophe Laurent, Marie Andre, Ahmet Ayav, Cloe Magallon, Olivier Turrini, Laurent Sulpice, Fabien Robin, Philippe Bachellier, Pietro Addeo, Francois-Regis Souche, Thomas Bardol, Julie Perinel, Mustapha Adham, Stylianos Tzedakis, David J. Birnbaum, Olivier Facy, Johan Gagniere, Sebastien Gaujoux, Ecoline Tribillon, Edouard Roussel, Lilian Schwarz, Louise Barbier, Alexandre Doussot, Nicolas Regenet, Antonio Iannelli, Jean-Marc Regimbeau, Guillaume Piessen, Xavier Lenne, Stephanie Truant, Mehdi El Amrani
Summary: This study establishes robust and standardized outcome benchmarks for distal pancreatectomy (DP) through benchmark analysis. It is the first analysis of DP outcomes and provides reliable and standardized data.
Article
Neurosciences
Christiane Jockwitz, Susan Merillat, Franziskus Liem, Jessica Oschwald, Katrin Amunts, Lutz Jancke, Svenja Caspers
Summary: The study compared age-related changes in brain structure in two large independent samples of healthy older adults. Annual percentage changes revealed stable to slight decreases in cortical thickness over time. Results suggest that general trends across time might be generalizable over independent samples with the same methodology and similar sample characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kai Yu, Andreas Ladefoged Ebbehoj, Hiba Obeid, Anand Vaidya, Tobias Else, Heather Wachtel, Ailsa Maria Main, Esben Sondergaard, Louise Lehmann Christensen, C. Christofer Juhlin, Jan Calissendorff, Debbie L. Cohen, Bonita Bennett, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Catharina Larsson, Madson Q. Almeida, Lauren Fishbein, Stephen A. Boorjian, William F. Young, Irina Bancos
Summary: This study characterized the presentation and outcomes of patients diagnosed with urinary bladder paraganglioma (UBPGL). Only a small number of patients were diagnosed before biopsy/surgery, indicating the need for better diagnostic strategies. Lifelong monitoring for recurrence and metastases is recommended for all UBPGL patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Wen Hu
Summary: This study investigates the mediating role of moral reasoning in the relationship between moral culture, prosocial behavior, and psychological wellbeing among college students. The results indicate that symbolization promotes positive changes in psychological wellbeing and prosocial behavior, while internalization promotes psychological wellbeing. However, the impact of internalization on prosocial behavior is not statistically significant. Furthermore, moral reasoning mediates the relationship between symbolization and psychological wellbeing, as well as prosocial behavior, and also mediates the relationship between internalization and psychological wellbeing, as well as prosocial behavior.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rudolf Suppes, Soraya Heuss-Assbichler
Summary: The research tested the applicability of the UNFC concept to metalliferous tailings mining projects, focusing on economic aspects. Different scenarios for resource recovery and rehabilitation of the tailings storage facility were defined and evaluated, with a risk assessment highlighting the need for actions to protect human health and the environment. The study also pointed out the necessity for stronger user guidance and more detailed subcategorisation in the assessment and classification process to fully realize the potential of the UNFC concept.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sergio Martin-Saldana, Merari Tumin Chevalier, Abhay Pandit
Summary: Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, play a key role in immune cell homeostasis and modulation. Some members of the galectin family are crucial in the resolution of inflammation, while others perpetuate the immune response in a pathological context. They have the potential to be targeted for new therapies, and engineered biomaterials show promise in improving the therapeutic performance of galectin-targeted strategies.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nan Pu, Zhun Zhong, Nicu Sebe, Michael S. Lew
Summary: This paper introduces the lifelong person re-identification (LReID) task and proposes a new MEmorizing and GEneralizing (MEGE) framework to prevent forgetting and improve generalization ability. The framework consists of Adaptive Knowledge Accumulation (AKA) and differentiable Ranking Consistency Distillation (RCD) modules. Experimental results demonstrate that the MEGE framework significantly improves performance on both seen and unseen domains.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
J. Alberto Blazquez, Rudi R. Maca, Olatz Leonet, Eneko Azaceta, Ayan Mukherjee, Zhirong Zhao-Karger, Zhenyou Li, Aleksey Kovalevsky, Ana Fernandez-Barquin, Aroa R. Mainar, Piotr Jankowski, Laurin Rademacher, Sunita Dey, Sian E. Dutton, Clare P. Grey, Janina Drews, Joachim Haecker, Timo Danner, Arnulf Latz, Dane Sotta, M. Rosa Palacin, Jean-Frederic Martin, Juan Maria Garcia Lastra, Maximilian Fichtner, Sumana Kundu, Alexander Kraytsberg, Yair Ein-Eli, Malachi Noked, Doron Aurbach
Summary: This article reports the first non-aqueous multilayer RMB pouch cell prototypes and proposes a roadmap for a new advanced RMB chemistry, aiming to demonstrate the great unrealized potential of RMBs.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jindong Wang, Cuiling Lan, Chang Liu, Yidong Ouyang, Tao Qin, Wang Lu, Yiqiang Chen, Wenjun Zeng, Philip S. Yu
Summary: This paper provides the first review of recent advances in domain generalization, discussing the formal definition, related fields, theories, algorithms, datasets, applications, and potential research topics. It categorizes algorithms into data manipulation, representation learning, and learning strategy, and presents popular algorithms in each category. It also introduces a codebase for fair evaluation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charles E. Gaber, Alan C. Kinlaw, Jessie K. Edwards, Jennifer L. Lund, Til Sturmer, Sharon Peacock Hinton, Virginia Pate, Luther A. Bartelt, Robert S. Sandler, Anne F. Peery
Summary: Comparing metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone versus amoxicillin-clavulanate for outpatient diverticulitis showed no significant differences in diverticulitis-specific outcomes, but a higher risk of CDI in the metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone group.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Alexander Breskin, Stephen R. Cole, Jessie K. Edwards, Ron Brookmeyer, Joseph J. Eron, Adimora A. Adimora
Summary: Randomized trials are the best evidence for treatment effectiveness, but lack of generalizability is a concern. Recent advances in data fusion allow for combining results from multiple studies and making treatment comparisons that may not be feasible with traditional study designs.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Maganizo B. Chagomerana, Jessie K. Edwards, Lauren C. Zalla, Nicole B. Carbone, Godfrey T. Banda, Innocent A. Mofolo, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Michael E. Herce
Summary: In Malawi, women with a last positive HIV test during breastfeeding have a higher risk of mother-to-child transmission. Delaying testing until the postpartum period may result in increased MTCT risk.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew L. Romo, Rena C. Patel, Jessie K. Edwards, John M. Humphrey, Beverly S. Musick, Caitlin Bernard, Mercy W. Maina, Ellen Brazier, Barbara Castelnuovo, Jeremy Penner, Katarzyna Wyka, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Penh Sun Ly, Cordelia Kunzekwenyika, Claudia P. Cortes, Radoslaw Panczak, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Kara K. Wools-Kaloustian, Denis Nash
Summary: The uptake of dolutegravir in LMICs showed disparities by sex and age group, particularly among females of reproductive age. The differences were more pronounced in countries that initially implemented dolutegravir with highly restrictive policies.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Phyo T. Htoo, John Buse, Matthew Cavender, Tiansheng Wang, Virginia Pate, Jess Edwards, Til Sturmer
Summary: This study evaluated the relative cardiovascular effectiveness of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in routine care populations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or heart failure (HF). The results showed that SGLT2i reduced the risk of hospitalized HF in patients with a history of HF but no CVD. However, GLP-1RA was associated with lower occurrence of atherosclerotic CVD events in patients without prior CVD or HF.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Denise T. St Jean, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Jessie K. Edwards, Peyton Thompson, James Thomas, Sylvia Becker-Dreps
Summary: Antibiotic use in early life may impact the immune response to rotavirus vaccine, particularly in infants from low- and middle-income countries. Specifically, antibiotic use is associated with increased seropositivity among children following rotavirus vaccination. However, a hypothetical intervention to remove inappropriate antibiotic use has minimal effect on overall seropositivity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Chipanta, Audrey Pettifor, Jessie Edwards, Danielle Giovenco, Hillary Mariko Topazian, Rachel M. Bray, Monique C. Millington, Janne Estill, Olivia Keiser, Jessica E. Justman
Summary: We aimed to measure social protection coverage in Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia for various populations, including women and men living with HIV, sex workers, men who have sex with men, adolescent girls and young women, and orphans and vulnerable children. Our study found that overall social protection coverage was lower than the global average, but varied across countries and populations.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rebecca C. Stebbins, Joanna Maselko, Y. Claire Yang, Brenda L. Plassman, Jessie K. Edwards, Allison E. Aiello
Summary: This study explores the impact of experiencing traumatic events throughout life on cognitive trajectories and predicted dementia incidence. The results show that experiencing one or more traumatic events accelerates cognitive decline, but on the other hand, traumatic events are positively associated with cognitive function cross-sectionally. Trauma occurring after the age of 64 has a greater impact on cognitive decline, and the magnitude and direction of association vary by specific traumatic event.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lauren C. Zalla, Jeff Y. Yang, Jessie K. Edwards, Stephen R. Cole
Summary: This study aims to improve the precision of inverse probability-weighted estimators by using auxiliary variables. The results show that including auxiliary variables reduces the empirical variance of inverse probability-weighted estimators. It is recommended to use a bootstrap variance estimator or a closed-form variance estimator that properly accounts for the estimation of weights to improve the accuracy of weighted estimators.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessie K. Edwards, Stephen R. Cole, Bonnie E. Shook-Sa, Paul N. Zivich, Ning Zhang, Catherine R. Lesko
Summary: This article examines the need to consider covariate-differential misclassification when estimating overall outcome prevalence. By generating datasets and comparing different estimation methods, it is concluded that assuming nondifferential outcome misclassification will yield little bias if the validation data is a simple random sample from the target population, otherwise including covariates in the estimation methods is necessary to obtain valid prevalence estimates.
Correction
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Alexander Breskin, Stephen R. Cole, Jessie K. Edwards, Ron Brookmeyer, Joseph J. Eron, Adimora A. Adimora
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Daniel Westreich, Jeffrey S. A. Stringer
Summary: Inverse probability weighting is a useful method for correcting missing data. New estimators for nonmonotone missingness, including unconstrained maximum likelihood estimator (UMLE) and constrained Bayesian estimator (CBE), were introduced in 2018. This study compares the performance of these estimators with multiple imputation (MI) in the setting of an observational study, where inverse probability of treatment weights are used to address confounding.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexander P. Keil, Sabrina Zadrozny, Jessie K. Edwards
Summary: Multi-level models are used to model data using multiple levels of information. This review examines how multi-level models can be used for causal inference with individual level exposures. The review clarifies and synthesizes complex ideas in the literature and discusses how multi-level models can relax some identifying conditions of causal inference. However, there are gaps in the literature on causal inference with multi-level models, but some published approaches are provided for further guidance. Practical advice is given on when to use multi-level models for causal inference and how to go beyond interpreting their parameters.
CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Katherine Lemasters, Paul Delamater, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Jesse K. Edwards, Whitney R. Robinson, Brian Pence
Summary: High probation rates are associated with worse community mental health, including higher rates of self-inflicted injury and suicide. The study found that rural areas with high probation rates also had higher rates of self-harm and suicide. These findings highlight the collateral consequences of probation on community mental health.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew L. Romo, Rena C. Patel, Jessie K. Edwards, John M. Humphrey, Beverly S. Musick, Caitlin Bernard, Mercy W. Maina, Ellen Brazier, Barbara Castelnuovo, Jeremy Penner, Katarzyna Wyka, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Penh Sun Ly, Cordelia Kunzekwenyika, Claudia P. Cortes, Radoslaw Panczak, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Kara K. Wools-Kaloustian, Denis Nash
Summary: The study found that after the safety signal, the uptake of dolutegravir among females of reproductive age was significantly lower than that among males, and this disparity was more pronounced in countries that implemented dolutegravir earlier with stricter policies. However, the uptake of dolutegravir was similar between females and males aged 50 and older.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)