Article
Engineering, Civil
C. Van Steen, T. Van Beirendonck, R. Vrijdaghs, M. A. N. Hendriks, E. Verstrynge
Summary: This paper presents a two-phased numerical modeling approach to determine the constitutive behavior at the reinforcement-concrete interface under a certain corrosion level. The approach includes a crack model and a bond model, considering the flow of corrosion products, the effect of bonded length and concrete cover in the crack model, and using the resulting corrosion products expansion as input in the bond model. The combination of both models achieves a balance between computational time and modeling detail. The model is validated on experimental pull-out test results, showing good agreement in terms of crack width, crack pattern, corrosion-induced bond loss, and failure mode for different corrosion levels.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Konstantinos Tsiotsias, S. J. Pantazopoulou
Summary: This study investigates the complex bond interaction between reinforcement and concrete, focusing on the bond strength of bars embedded in high-performance cementitious materials. It is found that the use of fiber reinforcement enhances bond strength significantly, while internal confinement in high-performance concrete contributes to more effective utilization of standard steel reinforcing bars.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alexander Kagermanov, Ivan Markovic
Summary: About 80% of damage in existing reinforced concrete structures is caused by corrosion. This paper critically reviews models addressing the effects of corrosion on structural capacity and applies them to analyze corroded reinforced concrete members using nonlinear finite element analysis. The accuracy of different modeling approaches is assessed through comparison with experimental results. Recommendations are provided for reliable capacity assessment of corroded concrete structures.
STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Nicolas El-Joukhadar, Farah Dameh, Stavroula Pantazopoulou
Summary: The deterioration of seismic resistance of columns due to corrosion damage is investigated using advanced non-linear finite element simulation and analysis. The study aims to develop performance criteria for seismic evaluation and assessment. Current guidelines for structural seismic evaluation do not consider the condition of reinforcement, which would complicate the assessment. The study proposes simple modifications to existing assessment procedures, taking into account the effects of corrosion on seismic performance, through the calibration of reduction factors for reinforcement properties and column characteristics.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Omar R. Abuodeh, Rami A. Hawileh, Jamal A. Abdalla
Summary: This study developed FE models to investigate the effects of using aluminum alloy plates to strengthen reinforced concrete beams, validated the models and concluded that they can serve as a design platform for assisting structural engineers in flexural retrofit applications using AA plates.
COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xueyu Xiong, Yang Zhang, Ju Liu, Manchao He
Summary: This study investigated the bond behavior between ordinary concrete and high-strength and high-toughness steel bars with special spiral grooves. The effects of various test parameters on failure modes, bond-slip curves, bond strength, relative slip, and critical anchorage length were analyzed. The results showed that increasing cover thickness and end-anchorage improved bond strength, and the number of spiral grooves affected the bond strength as well. The addition of stirrups improved energy absorption capacity and ductility, and models were established to accurately calculate bond-slip curves and predict different failure modes.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hongyuan Guo, You Dong, Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga, Xiang-Lin Gu
Summary: The study develops a FEM for failure analysis and establishes PCE surrogate models for serviceability and ultimate limit states by combining sampling techniques and validated FEM model. A global sensitivity analysis is then conducted using the PCE model. The results provide useful insights into understanding the main failure modes of RC structures under different corrosion scenarios.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liang Luo, Jie Lai, Jun Shi, Guorui Sun, Jie Huang, Maoguo Yuan
Summary: This paper investigates the working performance of reinforcement concrete (RC) beams strengthened by Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) with different anchoring under bending moment, updating the definition of structural failure load with the Mann-Kendall criterion. The research results provide a new angle of view to conduct structural analysis and a reference to the improvement of reinforcement effect of CFRP.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stefania Imperatore
Summary: This paper presents a new model for assessing the mechanical properties of corroded reinforced concrete structures. By reviewing and applying predictive models from scientific literature, the model considers various corrosion effects and highlights the importance of buckling and confinement variations in reliable modeling strategies, especially when local ductility plays a key role.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kumar Avadh, Kohei Nagai
Summary: In this study, the post-corrosion local bond behavior was simulated and analyzed using digital image correlation technology. The results demonstrate that the reduction in rib height is an important factor in bond behavior and needs to be considered in simulation models.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dimitrios T. Kalovelonis, Theodoros v Gortsas, Stephanos Tsinopoulos
Summary: The electrochemical behavior of steel used for concrete reinforcement can be either active or passive. It remains passive as long as the concrete environment remains highly alkaline, but carbonation and/or chloride contamination can cause it to become active and corrode. This study proposes a boundary element method for solving 3D periodic cathodic protection problems, with a reduced computation cost through the application of acceleration techniques based on adaptive cross approximation.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jieqiong Wu, Li Guo, Liu Jin, Xiuli Du
Summary: In this study, bond failure tests were conducted on corroded beam anchorage specimens, and the nonuniform corrosion of reinforcing bars and crack widths on the concrete surface were analyzed. The results show that the corrosion characteristics greatly affect the bond strength, and models were developed based on the maximum crack width and peak slip to predict the bond behavior of corroded reinforcing bars.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
J. S. Owusu-Danquah, Abdallah Bseiso, Srinivas Allena, Stephen F. Duffy
Summary: This study developed and applied Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to predict the bond strength between steel reinforcement and concrete. The ANN(Softplus) model showed a more accurate prediction compared to other models, with a mean squared error of 2.89 and a coefficient of determination of 96%.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Martin Vavrus, Jakub Kralovanec
Summary: In the design and construction of post-tensioned or geotechnical structures, the anchorage zone is crucial. One common problem is the failure of the anchorage zone due to high-bearing stresses and transverse tension. This study focuses on analyzing the potential increase in load-carrying capacity by using steel fiber-reinforced concrete in the anchorage zone. Numerical analysis and experimental determination were conducted to examine the effects of adding different volumes of steel fibers. The results suggest that a higher volume of fiber-reinforced concrete can enhance the load-bearing capacity.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haijun Zhou, Xuan Qi, Zhiyao Lin, Michele De Filippo, Jian Liu, Cong Ma, Feng Xing
Summary: An experimental study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of corrosion and fatigue loading on bond behaviors between strong confined rebar and concrete. Test results showed different failure modes and cumulative residual slip under different corrosion levels and stress levels. The findings provide reference for evaluating the service life of reinforced concrete structures in coastal areas under repeated loading.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Samanta Robuschi, Jakob Sumearll, Ignasi Fernandez, Karin Lundgren
Summary: This study found that corrosion has an impact on the bond strength between concrete and plain reinforcement bars, with the casting position of the reinforcing bars and the presence of stirrups influencing the bond strength.
STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mattias Blomfors, Karin Lundgren, Kamyab Zandi
Summary: Transportation infrastructure, especially ageing reinforced concrete bridges, must be regularly assessed for safety and serviceability due to corrosion and cracks. This study investigates the effects of pre-existing anchorage zone corrosion cracks on reinforced concrete beam structural behavior through finite element modeling. Three methods of accounting for cracks were applied, with modifications to bond stress-slip relation showing accurate predictions for ultimate capacity in certain reinforcement scenarios. Visual measurements were found to be sufficient for estimating the bridge's capacity without exact knowledge of corrosion level.
STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nele Pollmann, Fredrik Larsson, Kenneth Runesson, Karin Lundgren, Kamyab Zandi, Ralf Janicke
Summary: A computational homogenization technique is introduced to model diffusion in concrete, emphasizing the influence of aggregate content and variability. The study shows that the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) has a significant impact on the effective properties.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Correction
Engineering, Civil
E. Chen, Carlos G. Berrocal, Ignasi Fernandez, Ingemar Lofgren, Karin Lundgren
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
E. Chen, Carlos G. Berrocal, Ingemar Lofgren, Karin Lundgren
Summary: This paper investigates the use of hybrid reinforced concrete edge beams as a durable solution for corrosion damage. The service life of different beam alternatives was compared using chloride diffusion calculations and a corrosion-induced cracking model. The results show that using hybrid reinforced concrete can significantly prolong the service life of edge beams, leading to reduced life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mattia Francesco Bado, Joan R. Casas, Alinda Dey, Carlos G. Berrocal, Gintaris Kaklauskas, Ignasi Fernandez, Rasmus Rempling
Summary: This study utilized DOFS to monitor RC tensile members with different geometries, identifying optimal fiber/rebar bonding techniques. By comparing the DOFS-reported combined effect with Model Code 2010 predictions, conclusions were drawn regarding the residual performance of RC members at the end of their drying phase.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Samanta Robuschi, Alessandro Tengattini, Jelke Dijkstra, Ignasi Fernandez, Karin Lundgren
Summary: This study utilized a state-of-the-art non-destructive 3D method, including multimodal neutron and X-ray tomography, to observe the characteristics of corrosion products in two concrete samples. The research aimed to investigate the potential benefits of this technique for reinforced concrete structures, providing quantitative and qualitative data on the corrosion process.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaotong Yu, Samanta Robuschi, Ignasi Fernandez, Karin Lundgren
Summary: Corrosion has a significant impact on the bond between reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete in Reinforced Concrete (RC) heritage structures. Non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA) and experimental tests were conducted to study the bond behavior and corrosion effects, showing good agreement between numerical and experimental results. Loss of bond at yielding and yield penetration asymmetry are crucial factors for accurately describing structural behavior.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Milan Gotame, Carl Lindqvist Franklin, Mattias Blomfors, Jincheng Yang, Karin Lundgren
Summary: This paper investigates the flexural behavior of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP using non-linear finite element analysis. The study found that the modeling of pitting corrosion location, lengths, and number of pits has a significant influence on predicting the load and deformation capacity of beams. Different strengthening methods were effective for different beam geometries and corrosion damages.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Emil Aggestam, Jens C. O. Nielsen, Karin Lundgren, Kamyab Zandi, Anders Ekberg
Summary: This paper focuses on optimizing the dimensions and concrete types of slab tracks in order to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, while meeting the static dimensioning analysis requirement of the European standard. Using a 3D model, the dynamic vehicle-track interaction is analyzed, and contact forces and stress fields are calculated. The study concludes that the panel thickness can be reduced without risking crack initiation, and also develops a reinforced concrete model to predict crack widths and assess when steel reinforcement can be reduced.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Carlos G. Berrocal, Ignasi Fernandez, Rasmus Rempling
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between reinforcement corrosion and corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete structures with non-uniform corrosion distribution. Advanced techniques were used to explore the previously hidden aspects of this relationship, providing unprecedented details of crack development and corrosion distribution. The results show that the maximum corrosion level or location cannot be accurately determined solely by visual inspection of surface crack width. However, the width of corrosion-induced cracks was found to increase linearly with the local corrosion level, suggesting that crack width monitoring can be used to estimate the rate of corrosion degradation.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ignasi Fernandez, Carlos Gill Berrocal, Sebastian Almfeldt, Rasmus Rempling
Summary: The implementation of structural health monitoring systems using distributed optical fibre sensors in reinforced concrete structures can greatly contribute to the safety and resilience of infrastructure. This paper investigates the performance of such sensors in accurately assessing deflection and crack width in a stainless-steel reinforced concrete beam. The study shows that embedded sensors provide accurate results regardless of position and load level, while externally deployed sensors exhibit attenuated values for deflection and crack width, especially at higher load levels.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Adam Sciegaj, Fredrik Larsson, Karin Lundgren
Summary: This study developed an effective and robust method to consider the interfilament slip in textile reinforcement yarns and the slip between the yarns and concrete. Pull-out tests were carried out to determine the efficiency factors for strength and stiffness, which were found to be very similar.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Samanta Robuschi, Oskar Larsson Ivanov, Mette Geiker, Ignasi Fernandez, Karin Lundgren
Summary: This study compiled data on corroded cracked concrete specimens in chloride environments, including detailed information such as crack and pit locations, local corrosion pattern, etc. Five hypotheses on the influence of transversal cracks on corrosion damage were tested using statistical methods. The results indicated that transversal cracks were good indicators of the position of corrosion pits and the corrosion rate of the pit increased in proximity of a crack. However, no clear correlation between surface crack width and corrosion damage was found.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Renbing An, Jiacong Yuan, Yi Pan, Duhang Yi
Summary: Traditional timber structures built on sloped land are more susceptible to seismic damage compared to structures built on flat land. The upper portion of the structure is found to be the weak point on sloped land, with potential issues such as tenon failure and column foot sliding.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Elyas Bayat, Federica Tubino
Summary: The current design guidelines for assessing floor vibration performance do not consider the influence of variability in the walking path on the dynamic response of floors. This study investigates the dynamic response of floors under a single pedestrian walking load, taking into account the randomness of the walking path and load. The effectiveness of the current guidelines in predicting floor response is critically assessed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Gao Ma, Chunxu Hou, Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Linghui Chen, Zhenhao Zhang
Summary: Minimizing earthquake damage and improving repair efficiency are the main principles of resilient structures. This study proposed a repairable column with UHPC segments and replaceable energy dissipaters. The test results showed that the columns with UHPC segments and replaceable dissipaters exhibited high strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kartheek S. M. Sonti, Pavan Kumar Penumakala, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, S. Vincent
Summary: In this study, the compressive behavior of alumina hollow particles reinforced aluminum matrix syntactic foams (AMSF) was investigated using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The results showed that the FE solver ABAQUS could accurately predict the elastic and elastio-plastic behavior of AMSFs. The study also suggested that FE models have great potential in developing new materials and composites under compression loading.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zheqi Peng, Xin Wang, Zhishen Wu
Summary: In this study, the statistical modeling of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) cables using the classic fiber bundle model is explored. The study considers important features of large-scale multi-tendon FRP cables, such as initial random slack and uneven tensile deformation among tendons. A parametric study and reliability analysis are conducted to predict the load-displacement relation and design thousand-meter-scale FRP cables. The study emphasizes the relation between the reliability index beta of the cable and the safety factor gamma of the FRP material.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanchao Shi, Shaozeng Liu, Ye Hu, Zhong-Xian Li, Yang Ding
Summary: This paper introduces a damage assessment method for reinforced concrete (RC) columns under blast loading, using modal parameter measurement as the evaluation index. The validity of the proposed method is validated through numerical and experimental analysis. The results show that this modal-based damage assessment method is applicable for non-destructive evaluation of blast-induced damage of RC columns.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolin Zou, Maosheng Gong, Zhanxuan Zuo, Qifang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient framework for assessing the collapse capacity of structures in earthquake engineering. The framework is based on an accurate equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) system, calibrated by a meta-heuristic optimization method. The proposed framework has been validated through case studies, confirming its accuracy and efficiency.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jie Hu, Weiping Wen, Chenyu Zhang, Changhai Zhai, Shunshun Pei, Zhenghui Wang
Summary: A deep learning-based rapid peak seismic response prediction model is proposed for the most common two-story and three-span subway stations. The model predicts the peak seismic responses of subway stations using a data-driven approach and limited information, achieving good predictive performance and generalization ability, and demonstrating significantly higher computational efficiency compared to numerical simulation methods.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jin Ho Lee, Jeong-Rae Cho
Summary: A simplified model is proposed to estimate the earthquake responses of a rectangular liquid storage tank considering the fluid-structure interactions. The complex three-dimensional structural behavior of the tank is represented by a combination of fundamental modes of a rectangular-ring-shaped frame structure and a cantilever beam. The system's governing equation is derived, and earthquake responses such as deflection, hydrodynamic pressure, base shear, and overturning moment are obtained from the solution.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
W. J. Lewis, J. M. Russell, T. Q. Li
Summary: The work discusses the key features and advantages of optimal 2-pin arches shaped by statistically prevalent load and constant axial stress. It extends the design space of symmetric arches to cover asymmetric forms and provides minimum values of constant stress for form-finding of such arches made of different materials. The analysis shows that constant stress arches exhibit minimal stress response and have potential implications for sustainability and durability of future infrastructure.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wen-ming Zhang, Han-xu Zou, Jia-qi Chang, Tian-cheng Liu
Summary: Saddle position is crucial in the construction and control of suspension bridges. This study proposes an analytical approach to estimate the saddle positions in the completed bridge state and discusses the calculation under different definitions. The relationship between the saddle position and the tower's centerline is analyzed, along with the eccentric compression of the tower. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through a real-life suspension bridge.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaise K. John, Alessio Cascardi, Yashida Nadir
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the use of TRM material for reinforcing concrete columns. The results showed that increasing the number of textile layers effectively increased the axial strength. Additionally, the choice of fiber type and hybrid textile configuration also had a significant impact on strength improvement. A new design model that considers the effects of both the confining matrix and textile was proposed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chandrashekhar Lakavath, S. Suriya Prakash
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear behavior of post-tensioned UHPFRC girders, considering factors such as prestress level, fiber volume fraction, and types of steel fibers. The results showed that increasing prestress and fiber dosage could enhance the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the girders, reduce crack angle, and increase shear cracking load.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Vahid Goodarzimehr, Siamak Talatahari, Saeed Shojaee, Amir H. Gandomi
Summary: In this paper, an Improved Marine Predators Algorithm (IMPA) is proposed for size and shape optimization of truss structures subject to natural frequency constraints. The results indicate that IMPA performs better in solving these nonlinear structural optimization problems compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chun-Xu Qu, Jin-Zhao Jiang, Ting-Hua Yi, Hong-Nan Li
Summary: In this paper, a computer vision-based method is proposed to monitor the deformation and displacement of building structures by obtaining 3D coordinates of surface feature points. The method can acquire a large number of 3D coordinates in a noncontact form, improve the flexibility and density of measurement point layout, and is simple and cost-effective to operate.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)