Article
Polymer Science
Bu Wang, Xianhui Wu, Qi Liu, Yueyue Wu, Fei Huang, Linfeng Xu, Xing Wu, Yuanxin Deng
Summary: In this study, the feasible carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) retrofit schemes for shear strengthening of three-dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints were investigated. Various parameters, such as CFRP reinforcement ratio, layout, and the number and location of transverse beams, were numerically analyzed. The introduction of a new dimensionless index, strengthening efficiency, helped evaluate the residual effect of the CFRP-strengthening system. The effectiveness of the CFRP strengthening technique and the significant differences among parameter's roles were confirmed.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhibin Ling, Zheng Li, Fan Lu, Huifeng Yang, Wei Zheng, Lingfeng Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the strengthening efficiency of mechanically fastened (MF) and externally bonded combining mechanically fastened (EB + MF) techniques for timber-concrete composite beams. The results show that both techniques significantly improve the load capacity and bending stiffness of the beams, with EB + MF demonstrating slightly better performance.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ndongo Samb, Omar Chaallal, Georges El-Saikaly
Summary: This study experimentally evaluated and compared the behavior of 18 full-size RC T-beams strengthened in shear with multilayer CFRP sheets to that of beams with monolayer strengthening fabric of equivalent density. The test results revealed that increasing CFRP weight can enhance shear resistance, but not proportionally up to an optimal value of 300 g/m(2). The influence of internal transverse steel reinforcement on EB-CFRP fabric performance was also examined, with predictions of current design guidelines closer to experimental results for beams without steel stirrups.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Minoo Panahi, Seyed Alireza Zareei, Ardavan Izadi
Summary: A hybrid strengthening method called combined externally bonded near-surface method was proposed to address the limitations of externally bonded and near-surface mounted techniques. Numerical analysis using finite element software confirmed the efficiency of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with this method, showing it as a promising alternative solution for structural engineers in design-oriented parametric studies.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paolo Foraboschi
Summary: This paper discusses the changing of load distribution from distributed to concentrated in reinforced concrete beams and presents a design method to enhance the shear capacity of the beam. The method involves the application of fiber composites bonded to the beam's stirrups at a 45-degree angle. The paper also provides an analytical model to predict the concentrated load-carrying capacity of the strengthened beam.
Article
Mechanics
Hasan Murat Tanarslan, Caglar Yalcinkaya, Ninel Alver, Cihan Karademir
Summary: The study investigated the effectiveness of using UHPFRC plates or strips for shear strengthening, with test results showing a significant increase in shear strength and a behavior shift towards flexural behavior. It was also determined that the application of UHPFRC in strip form can greatly increase load-bearing capacity.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Amr Abdel Havez, Adil Al-Mayah
Summary: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are widely used for flexural strengthening of concrete structures. Non-prestressed CFRP materials increase the ultimate capacity but have little effect on serviceability. Prestressed CFRP laminates provide active repair and efficiently utilize the material's tensile strength. This paper reviews the use of prestressed CFRP laminates in conventionally and internally prestressed concrete structures, discussing the flexural behavior, failure modes, and serviceability performance of the strengthened members.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
J. Tatar, C. Viniarski, M. Ishfaq, K. A. Harries, M. Head
Summary: Externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been effective in strengthening concrete structures by flexure. However, the failure mode of intermediate crack debonding limits the utilization and deformability of the strengthened member. This paper presents the results of flexural tests on reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded CFRP anchored with U-wraps, showing that U-wraps can increase strain utilization and mitigate intermediate crack debonding without significantly affecting flexural capacity.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
R. Mourao, A. Cacoilo, F. Teixeira-Dias, D. Lecompte, T. Stratford
Summary: This study investigates the influence of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) on the spalling phenomena of concrete subjected to contact explosions through detailed experimental and numerical methodologies. The results show that the mass of bonded material and increased bonded areas lead to enlarged surface damage, while the compressive strength of concrete plays a major role in spall damage.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammed Riyadh Khalaf, Ali Hussein Ali Al-Ahmed, Abbas AbdulMajeed Allawi, Ayman El-Zohairy
Summary: This study investigates experimentally and numerically the effectiveness of using CFRP strips to externally strengthen RCCDBs with large openings. The results show that, although openings lead to reductions in strength and stiffness, CFRP strips can effectively limit the deterioration and improve the specimen's load-carrying capacity.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Amin Al-Fakih, Mohd Hisbany Mohd Hashim, Rayed Alyousef, Ayad Mutafi, Saddam Hussein Abo Sabah, T. Tafsirojjaman
Summary: The flexural capacity of sea sand RC beams bonded externally with CFRP plate is 5.50% greater than that of beams without CFRP (control beam), with different failure modes. Bonded RC beams were stiffer compared to the control RC beam, potentially leading to lower crack spacing.
Article
Polymer Science
Tiejiong Lou, Zhangxiang Li, Miao Pang
Summary: This paper assesses the impact of using carbon or glass-fiber-reinforced polymer instead of steel rebars on moment redistribution in prestressed concrete beams, and recommends a simplified equation for accurate predictions.
Article
Mechanics
F. Cannizzaro, B. Panto, S. Caddemi, I Calio
Summary: This paper presents a new macro-element model for simulating the interaction between masonry structures and Externally Bonded Composite (EBC) layers. The proposed model can provide a reliable simulation of EBC layer applications while maintaining a low computational burden. Experimental and numerical tests are used to validate the new macro-modelling approach.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Cortez Flores Ilsen Adriana, Fernandez Gomez Jaime, Villanueva Llaurado Paula, Ferreira Antonio, Parente Marco
Summary: The study proposed an empirical model to estimate the strength of CFRP anchored joints and used finite element simulation to assess the influential parameters in the behavior. The model was compared with experimental results.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huanting Zhou, Shaoyuan Li, Chao Zhang, M. Z. Naser
Summary: This paper investigates the fire performance of unrestrained steel-concrete composite beams with externally prestressed tendons through advanced numerical simulation. The analysis shows that the prestressing force in the external tendons is primarily influenced by the applied loading and temperature level. The stiffness of axial restraints has a minor effect on the failure of the composite beams.
STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hilal El-Hassan, Jamal Medljy, Tamer El-Maaddawy
Summary: The study found that replacing 30% and 70% of natural aggregates with RCA in concrete did not decrease compressive strength, while full replacement of NA with RCA resulted in a 20% decrease in compressive strength. In order to achieve compressive strength comparable to that of an NA-based mix, 100% RCA mixes required 2% volume of steel fibers. Overall, incorporating steel fibers in RCA-based mixes improved mechanical properties and resistance to abrasion, water permeation, and transport compared to NA-based mixes.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohammed H. Alzard, Hilal El-Hassan, Tamer El-Maaddawy
Summary: The study explores the environmental and economic impact of using recycled aggregates instead of natural aggregates in producing various sustainable concrete mixes in UAE. It found that including steel fibers in the mix can increase global warming potential (GWP), while replacing cement with fly ash, slag, or microsilica can reduce GWP. Material transportation was identified as a major contributor to both environmental and economic impacts.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nancy Kachouh, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Hilal El-Hassan, Bilal El-Ariss
Summary: This research investigates the shear response of RC deep beams with openings made with 100% RCAs. The inclusion of steel fibers remarkably improved the shear response of the tested RCA-based beams, while the addition of conventional steel stirrups was less effective. The use of 1% steel fiber volume fraction in the RCA-based beam with openings without steel stirrups was sufficient to restore 96% of the original shear capacity of the NA-based beam with conventional steel stirrups.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohammed H. Alzard, Hilal El-Hassan, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Marwa Alsalami, Fatma Abdulrahman, Ashraf Aly Hassan
Summary: This paper comprehensively understands the current research situation and future development directions of self-healing concrete by analyzing and summarizing the publications on self-healing concrete. Results indicate that tracking the work of productive authors is essential and collaboration leads to more exposure and a higher citation rate. The keywords analysis highlights the focus areas and potential gaps in self-healing concrete research.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shahrukh Shoaib, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Hilal El-Hassan, Bilal El-Ariss, Marwa Alsalami
Summary: This study examines the impact of using basalt macro-fibers on the characteristics of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates. The results show that the compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete are affected by the presence of RCA, but the use of BMF can improve the mechanical properties and potentially restore the strength of plain concrete. However, the use of BMF can also compromise the workability of the concrete.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shahrukh Shoaib, Hilal El -Hassan, Tamer El-Maaddawy
Summary: This research explores the performance of concrete reinforced with various sizes and combinations of basalt fibers. The study finds that the base concrete grade and the configuration of the fibers have an impact on properties such as slump, strength, and resistivity. Short fibers have a minor increase in strength, while long or hybrid fibers can worsen the slump. The use of fibers slightly reduces the compressive strength but improves the bulk resistivity. Simulation models and a new tensile softening law for fiber-reinforced concrete are developed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shahrukh Shoaib, Hilal El-Hassan, Tamer El-Maaddawy
Summary: This study examines the performance of hybrid basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) and dune sand as an eco-friendly construction material. The addition of hybrid BFs was found to have a negative impact on the slump and compressive strength of the concrete mixtures. However, improvements in splitting and flexural strengths were observed in NSC and HSC mixtures made with up to 100% RCA. The durability characteristics of the mixtures remained almost unchanged with the addition of hybrid BFs.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Youssef Elmezayen, Nouman Khattak, Tamer El-Maaddawy
Summary: Numerical simulation models were developed to predict the flexural behavior of corroded reinforced concrete beams, and laboratory tests were conducted to validate these models. The study found that the load capacity of the beams decreased linearly with the severity of corrosion, regardless of its location. Corrosion in the sagging region had a more detrimental effect on load capacity compared to hogging corrosion, with a strength reduction rate approximately 70% higher. Simultaneous corrosion in the sagging and hogging regions had the worst performance, with a strength reduction rate approximately 2.7 times higher than hogging corrosion only. Moment redistribution ratios varied depending on the location of corrosion, ranging from 2-22% for sagging corrosion only, and reaching a maximum of 22-50% for hogging corrosion only.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joud Hwalla, Jad Bawab, Hilal El-Hassan, Feras Abu Obaida, Tamer El-Maaddawy
Summary: This study conducts a scientometric review on the use of geopolymer mortar and composites in different construction applications. It aims to analyze the findings of past research and reveal the research constituents, development trends, and knowledge gaps. The analysis showed a steady increase in publications and highlighted the dominant journal, country, and institution in geopolymer research. Research gaps were identified, indicating the need for further investigation in areas such as 3D printing and environmental protection.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mohammad Zuaiter, Hilal El-Hassan, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Bilal El-Ariss
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of glass fiber-reinforced slag-fly ash blended geopolymer concrete under ambient curing conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that hybrid glass fibers led to significantly improved mechanical and durability properties compared to plain mixes and single type fiber reinforcements.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shahrukh Shoaib, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Hilal El-Hassan, Bilal El-Ariss, Marwa Alsalami
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adding basalt macro-fibers on the fresh and hardened properties of normal and high-strength concrete. The results show that the addition of basalt macro-fibers reduces the workability of the concrete but improves its compressive strength and tensile properties. Additionally, the inclusion of basalt macro-fibers enhances the abrasion resistance and durability of the concrete.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nancy Kachouh, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Hilal El-Hassan, Bilal El-Ariss
Summary: A bilinear tensile softening law for concrete with recycled concrete aggregates and steel fibers was developed and validated through numerical simulation models. The study showed that the shear response of the deep beam models is influenced by the steel fiber volume fraction and the shear span-to-depth ratio.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nour Khir Allah, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Hilal El-Hassan
Summary: This paper examines the effectiveness of using carbon fabric-reinforced matrix (C-FRM) composites to improve the shear response of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams. The experimental results show that the use of C-FRM can significantly increase the shear strength of deep beams, with the most significant effect observed when using a cementitious matrix. The numerical modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nouman Khattak, Moustafa Mansour, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Najif Ismail
Summary: This paper examines the flexural behavior of continuous RC beam specimens strengthened with fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites using experimental testing and numerical modeling. The results show the effects of different FRCM types, strengthening locations, and number of FRCM layers on strength gain, load capacity, and ductility of the specimens.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Hilal El-Hassan, Mohamed Hamouda, Tamer El-Maaddawy, Munjed Maraqa
Summary: This study examines the validity of using an internal exit exam as a direct assessment tool to evaluate student learning. Results show inferior student performance in the exit exam compared to coursework, with students tending to overestimate their attainment of PLOs and underestimating their preparation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Renbing An, Jiacong Yuan, Yi Pan, Duhang Yi
Summary: Traditional timber structures built on sloped land are more susceptible to seismic damage compared to structures built on flat land. The upper portion of the structure is found to be the weak point on sloped land, with potential issues such as tenon failure and column foot sliding.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Elyas Bayat, Federica Tubino
Summary: The current design guidelines for assessing floor vibration performance do not consider the influence of variability in the walking path on the dynamic response of floors. This study investigates the dynamic response of floors under a single pedestrian walking load, taking into account the randomness of the walking path and load. The effectiveness of the current guidelines in predicting floor response is critically assessed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Gao Ma, Chunxu Hou, Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Linghui Chen, Zhenhao Zhang
Summary: Minimizing earthquake damage and improving repair efficiency are the main principles of resilient structures. This study proposed a repairable column with UHPC segments and replaceable energy dissipaters. The test results showed that the columns with UHPC segments and replaceable dissipaters exhibited high strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kartheek S. M. Sonti, Pavan Kumar Penumakala, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, S. Vincent
Summary: In this study, the compressive behavior of alumina hollow particles reinforced aluminum matrix syntactic foams (AMSF) was investigated using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The results showed that the FE solver ABAQUS could accurately predict the elastic and elastio-plastic behavior of AMSFs. The study also suggested that FE models have great potential in developing new materials and composites under compression loading.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zheqi Peng, Xin Wang, Zhishen Wu
Summary: In this study, the statistical modeling of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) cables using the classic fiber bundle model is explored. The study considers important features of large-scale multi-tendon FRP cables, such as initial random slack and uneven tensile deformation among tendons. A parametric study and reliability analysis are conducted to predict the load-displacement relation and design thousand-meter-scale FRP cables. The study emphasizes the relation between the reliability index beta of the cable and the safety factor gamma of the FRP material.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanchao Shi, Shaozeng Liu, Ye Hu, Zhong-Xian Li, Yang Ding
Summary: This paper introduces a damage assessment method for reinforced concrete (RC) columns under blast loading, using modal parameter measurement as the evaluation index. The validity of the proposed method is validated through numerical and experimental analysis. The results show that this modal-based damage assessment method is applicable for non-destructive evaluation of blast-induced damage of RC columns.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolin Zou, Maosheng Gong, Zhanxuan Zuo, Qifang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient framework for assessing the collapse capacity of structures in earthquake engineering. The framework is based on an accurate equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) system, calibrated by a meta-heuristic optimization method. The proposed framework has been validated through case studies, confirming its accuracy and efficiency.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jie Hu, Weiping Wen, Chenyu Zhang, Changhai Zhai, Shunshun Pei, Zhenghui Wang
Summary: A deep learning-based rapid peak seismic response prediction model is proposed for the most common two-story and three-span subway stations. The model predicts the peak seismic responses of subway stations using a data-driven approach and limited information, achieving good predictive performance and generalization ability, and demonstrating significantly higher computational efficiency compared to numerical simulation methods.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jin Ho Lee, Jeong-Rae Cho
Summary: A simplified model is proposed to estimate the earthquake responses of a rectangular liquid storage tank considering the fluid-structure interactions. The complex three-dimensional structural behavior of the tank is represented by a combination of fundamental modes of a rectangular-ring-shaped frame structure and a cantilever beam. The system's governing equation is derived, and earthquake responses such as deflection, hydrodynamic pressure, base shear, and overturning moment are obtained from the solution.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
W. J. Lewis, J. M. Russell, T. Q. Li
Summary: The work discusses the key features and advantages of optimal 2-pin arches shaped by statistically prevalent load and constant axial stress. It extends the design space of symmetric arches to cover asymmetric forms and provides minimum values of constant stress for form-finding of such arches made of different materials. The analysis shows that constant stress arches exhibit minimal stress response and have potential implications for sustainability and durability of future infrastructure.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wen-ming Zhang, Han-xu Zou, Jia-qi Chang, Tian-cheng Liu
Summary: Saddle position is crucial in the construction and control of suspension bridges. This study proposes an analytical approach to estimate the saddle positions in the completed bridge state and discusses the calculation under different definitions. The relationship between the saddle position and the tower's centerline is analyzed, along with the eccentric compression of the tower. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through a real-life suspension bridge.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaise K. John, Alessio Cascardi, Yashida Nadir
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the use of TRM material for reinforcing concrete columns. The results showed that increasing the number of textile layers effectively increased the axial strength. Additionally, the choice of fiber type and hybrid textile configuration also had a significant impact on strength improvement. A new design model that considers the effects of both the confining matrix and textile was proposed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chandrashekhar Lakavath, S. Suriya Prakash
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear behavior of post-tensioned UHPFRC girders, considering factors such as prestress level, fiber volume fraction, and types of steel fibers. The results showed that increasing prestress and fiber dosage could enhance the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the girders, reduce crack angle, and increase shear cracking load.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Vahid Goodarzimehr, Siamak Talatahari, Saeed Shojaee, Amir H. Gandomi
Summary: In this paper, an Improved Marine Predators Algorithm (IMPA) is proposed for size and shape optimization of truss structures subject to natural frequency constraints. The results indicate that IMPA performs better in solving these nonlinear structural optimization problems compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chun-Xu Qu, Jin-Zhao Jiang, Ting-Hua Yi, Hong-Nan Li
Summary: In this paper, a computer vision-based method is proposed to monitor the deformation and displacement of building structures by obtaining 3D coordinates of surface feature points. The method can acquire a large number of 3D coordinates in a noncontact form, improve the flexibility and density of measurement point layout, and is simple and cost-effective to operate.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
