Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yupeng Du, Xiaoping Chen, Shuo Li, Abdallah Sofiane Berrouk, Wanzhong Ren, Chaohe Yang
Summary: Understanding gas-solid hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, and multiphase reactions is crucial for the design of large-scale fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactors. In this study, catalyst behaviors in a large-scale FCC riser reactor were investigated using a particle-scale model based on the MP-PIC scheme, showing close agreement with plant data. The study provides detailed particle-scale information and insights for better understanding particle-scale phenomena and assisting in the design and optimization of industrial devices.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhengyu Chen, Gang Wang, Suoqi Zhao, Linzhou Zhang
Summary: This study aims to build a molecular-level process model framework to simulate the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. By developing a complex molecular-level kinetic model and combining it with the riser model and regenerator model, the coupled modeling and process simulation of a riser-type FCC unit have been successfully achieved.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Roberto Palos, Elena Rodriguez, Alazne Gutierrez, Javier Bilbao, Jose M. Arandes
Summary: The kinetics of catalytic cracking of plastic pyrolysis oil over three FCC equilibrium commercial catalysts was modeled, with the simplest reaction scheme found to be the most appropriate. The properties of the catalysts, particularly total acidity and mesoporous structure, play a key role in determining the kinetic parameters. Among the catalysts, ECAT-3 stood out for maximizing the yields of naphtha and LPG, while ECAT-1 and ECAT-2 were better suited for producing light cycle oil.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Thabang W. Selalame, Raj Patel, Iqbal M. Mujtaba, Yakubu M. John
Summary: Heavy petroleum industries, including the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Recent global efforts to mitigate climate change have led to increased legislation that affects the operations and future of these industries. This article reviews traditional modelling methodologies used in the FCC unit, focusing on the hydrodynamics, kinetics, and other factors that affect the riser and regenerator systems. The article highlights the need for accurate and reliable models to optimize the unit's performance under new regulations and predict greenhouse gas emissions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Haswin Kaur Gurdeep Singh, Suzana Yusup, Armando T. Quitain, Bawadi Abdullah, Abrar Inayat, Mariam Ameen, Kin Wai Cheah, Mitsuru Sasaki, Tetsuya Kida, Yee Ho Chai
Summary: This study investigated the kinetic study for the catalytic cracking reaction of refined rubber seed oil for bio gasoline production. It was found that both RSO and OLP favored gasoline production, while also forming gas and coke products. The experimental data matched well with the predicted model data.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengyu Chen, Ning Sun, Linzhou Zhang, Gang Wang, Suoqi Zhao, Jinsen Gao
Summary: In this study, molecular-level kinetic modeling and model parameter transfer strategy were employed to develop a model for the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) naphtha olefin reduction process. The developed model accurately predicts the product yield, composition, and temperature profile under different reactor scales and varying operating conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Frederik Zafiryadis, Anker Degn Jensen, Weigang Lin, Sonnik Clausen, Elisabeth Akoh Hove, Morten Boberg Larsen, Hao Wu
Summary: The cracking of sugars to glycolaldehyde and other oxygenates shows potential in lab-scale fluidized beds. This study adopts a gas-phase kinetics model and implements it into the Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics (CPFD) framework to simulate sugar cracking in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed riser. The results show good agreement with experimental data and suggest the need for more accurate predictions of product yields.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhijun Yang, Yongmin Zhang, Adefarati Oloruntoba, Junrong Yue
Summary: The distribution uniformity of spent catalyst particles is improved by adding horizontal baffles in a FCC regeneration unit, decreasing lateral mal-distribution and descending flux of spent catalysts. The virtual Crosser grid acts as a gas distributor, reducing gas channeling and enhancing gas-solid contact. It accelerates lateral particle movement and suppresses axial back-mixing.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Zhao, Jingjing Wang, Kunpeng Song, Zhi Xu, Liping Zhou, Hongwei Xiang, Xu Hao, Yong Yang, Yongwang Li
Summary: The study focuses on investigating the effects of operating conditions on the catalytic cracking performance of FTS wax using an industrial beta-zeolite based catalyst in a riser reactor, and developing an eight-lumped kinetic model for product selectivity description and simulation. The theoretical prediction aligns well with experimental data, providing valuable insights for reactor scale-up and operating condition optimization in the process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Martin Rodriguez-Fragoso, Shantal Zavala-Salazar, Miriam Moreno-Montiel, Christian Bouchot, Octavio Elizalde-Solis, Edgar Ramirez-Jimenez
Summary: An 8-lumps kinetic model based on feedstock composition is proposed. The model is fitted using a sensitivity analysis to identify reaction pathways contributing significantly to the desired products, resulting in improved fitting. It considers commonly used lumps in the industry, making it useful. An uncertainty analysis is performed to provide a probability bandwidth for experimental data and acknowledge possible errors. The model can predict behavior of different feedstocks using a single set of kinetic parameters differentiated by a deactivation factor.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiazhou Li, Xiaodong Chen, Yuming Zhang, Jinghui Xu, Yindong Liu, Luhai Wang, Wei Zhang, Jinjun Guo, Wenbin Zhang, Qiang Sun, Yunfei Qi
Summary: The fluidized thermal conversion technique can enrich aromatics in slurry oil and remove solid particles. The use of modified cokes as heat carriers reduces oil yield and increases coke yield, as well as increases the yield of gas product H-2.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juan Rafael Garcia, Jayson Fals, Leandro Emanuel Dietta, Ulises Sedran
Summary: In a fluidized bed catalyst, the conversion rate of Argentinian shale oil is higher and similar to that of conventional extraction crude oil, but the conversion rate of the mixture of the two oils is different, mainly due to the influence of aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes in the mixture.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhijun Yang, Yongmin Zhang, Tiebin Liu, Adefarati Oloruntoba
Summary: The study focuses on the importance of improving spent catalyst distribution and adding horizontal baffles for the performance of an industrial FCC regenerator. These measures can effectively reduce afterburning, enhance combustion efficiency, and decrease coke content in the regenerated catalysts. The simulation helps to understand flow-reaction coupling mechanisms during the regeneration process in more depth.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Melisa Panero, Richard Pujro, Marisa Falco, Ulises Sedran, Javier Bilbao, Jose M. Arandes
Summary: The effect of co-feeding bio-oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) on the energy balance of a FCC unit was studied. It was found that the heat from coke combustion is insufficient when the proportion of bio-oil in the feedstock exceeds 5%, mainly due to the high water content in the aqueous fraction of the bio-oil and the lower heat of combustion of the coke formed in co-processing compared to VGO alone.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
K. Magrini, J. Olstad, B. Peterson, R. Jackson, Y. Parent, C. Mukarakate, K. Iisa, E. Christensen, R. Seiser
Summary: NREL's research focuses on upgrading biomass fast-pyrolysis vapors through ex-situ methods to produce fuel precursors, fuels, and chemicals. Their work demonstrates the feasibility of producing refinery-compatible hydrocarbon fuel intermediates from biomass-derived vapors, as well as the use of these upgraded oils in FCC refinery operations to produce biogenic carbon-containing fuels.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhizhong Ding, Shashank S. Tiwari, Mayank Tyagi, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar
Summary: The study demonstrates that while the simulated bubble patterns show regularity, the actual arrangement of bubbles is unstable. Additionally, the prediction of bubble patterns is affected by the mathematical limitations of frictional closure models.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Pei Zhao, Jianchun Wang, Chengmin Chen, Jianmei Wang, Guangxia Liu, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Yan Li, Liqiu Wang
Summary: This article introduces the applications of microfluidic technology in drug development, focusing on the recent developments and trends in microfluidic fabrication of drug carriers and microfluidic chips for drug toxicity screening. The challenges and future directions of microfluidic applications in drug development are also discussed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anil K. Mehrotra, Joao B. P. Soares, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Pierre J. Carreau, Norman Epstein, Gregory S. Patience
Summary: The history and achievements of The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering highlight the multifaceted development of chemical engineering and its crucial role in advancing chemical sciences and engineering.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Munendra Pal Singh, Abdallah Sofiane Berrouk, Suneet Singh
Summary: The thermal-hydraulic behavior of supercritical water reactors with a parallel channel configuration was examined through a non-linear instability analysis. Different working supercritical fluids, varied heat-flux and flow-rate conditions, and channel inclinations were taken into account. The major findings show that both water and carbon dioxide experienced density wave oscillations at low subcooling numbers, and static instability characteristics were observed for supercritical water. Moreover, the heat flux and inclination angle had an impact on system stability, while parallel channels performed similarly to a single-channel system at equal heat flux. Stable and unstable limit cycles with out-of-phase oscillation characteristics were observed in dynamic stability regions.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Munendra Pal Singh, Muhammad Saeed, Abdallah Sofiane Berrouk
Summary: This study investigates the non-linear dynamics of a supercritical water reactor (SCWR) with a parallel channel configuration, focusing on the bifurcation characteristics associated with density wave oscillations. By conducting numerical simulations and parametric sensitivity analysis, the existence and nature of limit cycle behavior related to these bifurcations are confirmed.
PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Mayank Tyagi, Ye Xu, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Summary: Through introspection and assessment, the chemical engineering field has developed a mature undergraduate curriculum that equips engineers with skills in transport, reaction engineering, and thermodynamics. However, there is a need to adapt the curriculum to meet the needs of established industries while nurturing innovators for emerging industries, without harming the field unintentionally.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Ahmed M. Alatyar, Abdallah S. Berrouk
Summary: The challenge of reducing the carbon footprint and development costs of chemical processes can be achieved through process intensification (PI). Different PI technologies have been investigated, with rotating packed bed (RPB) technology receiving attention for its potential in intensification. This study presents a complete derivation of dry pressure drop in RPB, incorporating the radial distribution of gas tangential velocity and viscous shear stress. Machine learning techniques are used to derive the inertial resistance coefficient, and an artificial neural network is implemented to relate it to gas flow rate and rotating speed. Results show that using a machine learning algorithm improves the prediction of RPB dry pressure drop compared to relying on empirical models.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Asem Alemam, Sherif A. Yehya, Abubaker S. Omer, Ameer Hamza, Muhammed Saeed, Abdallah S. Berrouk
Summary: Mini-channel heatsinks are useful in removing high heat fluxes from microelectronic devices. The thermohydraulic characteristics of mini-channel heatsinks depend on the coolant and geometrical configuration of the channel. This study explores the potential of mini-channel heatsinks using different coolants and channel configurations. Increasing the mass flow rate increases the overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Among the three coolants, supercritical carbon dioxide shows superior performance.
Article
Mechanics
Fahad N. N. Al-Otaibi, Abdallah S. S. Berrouk, Hongliang Xiao
Summary: In this study, the dry reforming of methane (DRM) was simulated in fluidized-bed reactors using a multiphase particle-in-cell model. The effect of different gas velocities on bed hydrodynamics, conversion, and yield of product gases were investigated. The results were in good agreement with experimental data and showed that the turbulent-fluidized bed had the best reactor performance. The study highlights the significance of gas velocity on DRM conversion, yield, and overall reactor performance in fluidized-bed reactors.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed M. Alatyar, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Mohamed S. Alshehhi, Muhammed Saeed, Haitem Hassan-Beck, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar
Summary: The current study aims to enhance the hydraulic performance of Rotating Packed Beds (RPB) by modifying the geometrical construction of the inner cavity, outlet pipe, and packing. Four novel geometries of the RPB were proposed and analyzed using a validated CFD model, and it was found that optimizing the flow pattern at the exit of the packing by modifying the inner cavity's shape can reduce the total pressure drops by up to 22%. The addition of a nozzle at the entry of the outlet pipe further decreases the pressure drop by 13%.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fahad Al-Otaibi, Hongliang Xiao, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
Summary: In this study, a numerical model using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was developed to simulate the dry reforming of methane (DRM) process in lab-scale packed and fluidized beds. The results showed that replacing steam reforming of methane (SRM) with DRM greatly improves the industry's utilization of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and reduces carbon footprint. The effects of temperature, inlet composition, and contact spatial time on DRM in packed beds were investigated. The role of methane decomposition reaction in coke formation at high temperatures was also examined.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Saleem Nasir, Abdallah S. Berrouk
Summary: This study explores the dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic and mix convectional boundary-layer flow of couple stress Casson nanofluid (CSCNF) using a 3D stretchable surface. The addition of active and passive control mechanisms for nanoscales adds a new dimension to the exploration. The analysis takes into account the effects of non-Fourier and non-Fickian heat and mass flux, thermophoresis, and Brownian diffusion. Through the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA), accurate results are obtained for the MHD-3DCSCNF problem. The performance validation of the ANN is done through various metrics, demonstrating its robustness and reliability.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fahad N. Alotaibi, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Muhammad Saeed
Summary: This research utilized computational fluid dynamics, artificial neural networks, and multiobjective genetic algorithms to optimize the dry reforming of methane, resulting in valuable insights for the development of more efficient and productive reactors.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Muhammed Saeed, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Yasser F. Al Wahedi, Khurshid Alam, Munendra P. Singh, M. Salman Siddiqui, Eydhah Almatrafi
Summary: This research focuses on reducing pumping power by investigating efficient channel geometries. The study finds that straight channel precoolers can reduce pumping power by half compared to zigzag channels, but at the cost of a threefold increase in length. The optimal design emphasizes that straight-channel designs can achieve peak efficiency, even though their size may be up to eight times larger than zigzag-channel designs. Meanwhile, precooler designs with zigzag channels strike a balance between cycle efficiency and size under specific conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Huaitao Zhu, Gongnan Xie, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Sandro Nizetic
Summary: The study develops a simplified boiling temperature boundary condition (BTBC) to analyze the performance of printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) with semicircular channels. CFD is used to simulate fluid and heat flows in PCHE semicircular channels as a precooler in a combined supercritical CO2 Brayton/Organic Rankine cycle. The results compare the BTBC to heat flux boundary condition (HFBC) and evaluate the heat transfer correlations for SCO2 for both conditions. The study finds that the junctions between different temperature sections have the greatest impact on heat transfer coefficients and the flow from the overheated section to the evaporation section accelerates the increase of these coefficients. The buoyancy effect along the flow direction is also significant and different for the two tested boundary conditions. Additionally, the BTBC has a larger effect on the heat transfer coefficient at different junctions of the precooler compared to the HFBC. The modified Jackson correlation provides a better prediction compared to the Gnielinski correlation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
