期刊
ENERGY
卷 134, 期 -, 页码 74-89出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.010
关键词
Faecal biomass; Microwave; Hydrothermal carbonization; Chars; Sanitation; Renewable energy
资金
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Microwave hydrothermal carbonization (M-HTC) is reported in this study as a viable sanitation technology that can reliably overcome the heterogeneous nature of human faecal biowaste (HBW) and realize its intrinsic energy value. Solid chars produced from the M-HTC process at 180 degrees C and 200 degrees C were characterized to further the understanding of the conversion pathways and their physicochemical, structural and energetic properties. The study revealed solid chars recovered were predominantly via a solid-solid conversion pathway. In terms of yield, more than 50% of solid chars (dry basis) can be recovered using 180 degrees C as a benchmark. Additionally, the carbonized solid chars demonstrated enhanced carbon and energy properties following the M-HTC process: when compared to unprocessed HBW, the carbon content in the solid chars increased by up to 52%, while the carbon densification factor was greater than 1 in all recovered chars. The calorific values of the chars increased by up to 41.5%, yielding heating values that averaged 25 MJ kg(-1). Thermogravimetric studies further revealed the solid fuel chars exhibited greater reactivity when compared with unprocessed HBW, due to improved porosity. This work strengthens the potential of the M-HTC sanitation technology for mitigating poor sanitation impacts while also recovering energy, which can complement domestic energy demands. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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