Article
Energy & Fuels
Damir Pozgaj, Branimir Pavkovic, Boris Delac, Vladimir Glazar
Summary: This paper investigates the potential of implementing renewable energy sources and heat pumps with natural refrigerants in the existing 3rd-generation district heating system in Croatia. The study finds that the application of heat pumps and PV systems in the current system can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, primary energy consumption, and operation costs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jian Li, Zhen Yang, Hailong Li, Shuozhuo Hu, Yuanyuan Duan, Jinyue Yan
Summary: This study analyzed the optimal design schemes, financial and environmental benefits, and market competitiveness of waste heat recovery system for district heating using CO2 transcritical heat pumps. It compared four system design schemes in different application scenarios, highlighting the better performance of utilizing waste heat from cooling water compared to chillers.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruud Egging-Bratseth, Hanne Kauko, Brage Rugstad Knudsen, Sara Angell Bakke, Amina Ettayebi, Ina Renate Haufe
Summary: Low-temperature district heating is a key technology for efficient urban heat supply, enabling the integration of waste heat and renewable heat sources. By optimizing operational flexibility through demand side management and seasonal storage, significant reductions in carbon emissions and operational costs can be achieved.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martina Capone, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: This paper aims to demonstrate how the economic and environmental benefits of installing a large-scale heat pump in existing district heating systems vary in different scenarios. It presents an integrated methodology that includes a physical model of the district heating network and a detailed modeling of the heat pump, using exergy analysis to compare different positions and operating conditions. A specific control strategy for the mass-flow rate is also analyzed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Results applied to a real district heating network show that installing a 4 MWe heat pump can reduce CO2 emissions by almost 4% (over a total thermal load of about 305 MWt), but this effect can be significantly reduced if the heat pump is placed in non-optimal locations.
Article
Thermodynamics
Youjun Zhang, Zhihua Ge, Yunxi Yang, Junhong Hao, Lei Xu, Xiaoze Du, Chresten Traeholt
Summary: This research proposes a novel CHP cascade heating system by integrating it with the electric heat pump (EHP), which improves energy utilization efficiency and flexibility, promoting decarbonization and renewable energy integration.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zorica Marijanovic, Philipp Theile, Berit Hanna Czock
Summary: In the discussion of power market flexibilisation, the electrification of residential heating systems is gaining attention. This study evaluates the value of heat pumps with thermal storage on the German intraday market, showing that their flexibility can provide potential yearly profits per building ranging from 17euro to 692euro depending on building types and factors such as exploitation, price spreads, and available shiftable load.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anna Volkova, Ieva Pakere, Lina Murauskaite, Pei Huang, Kertu Lepiksaar, Xinxing Zhang
Summary: The 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) network offers numerous advantages including integration of low-temperature resources, bi-directional operation, decentralised energy flows, and potential energy sharing. This study evaluates the prospects of implementing 5GDHC systems in the Baltic states and identifies Lithuania as having the most favorable conditions for implementation, while Estonia shows the greatest potential for heat pumps and excess heat utilization in 5GDHC systems.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
A. Volkova, H. Koduvere, H. Pieper
Summary: This study examines the current status of power-to-heat integration in the heat supply in the Baltic region. It investigates and compares three scenarios for district heating electrification development until 2050. The study finds that large-scale heat pumps will play a significant role in heat generation in the Baltic states by 2050, while the use of natural gas will gradually decrease. The current network tariffs hinder the introduction of heat pumps, while subsidies in the Investment Support scenario greatly facilitate their adoption.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Meng Yuan, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Peter Sorknaes, Henrik Lund, Yongtu Liang
Summary: The study highlights the importance of finding a balance between industrial excess heat and heat pumps in future district heating systems to transition towards 100% renewable energy. Through comprehensive techno-economic analysis, an optimal district heating strategy can be determined to achieve a low-cost carbon-neutral system and reveal effective interactions between different sectors.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Markus Fritz, Margaux Savin, Ali Aydemir
Summary: The use of industrial excess heat is important for the expansion and decarbonization of district heating networks. However, the factors and barriers for implementing excess heat recovery projects are uncertain. Through expert interviews and literature review, it is found that projects often rely on individuals, communication between stakeholders is insufficient, relevant stakeholders are unaware of excess heat recovery opportunities, and financial aspects play an important role in decision-making.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hessam Golmohamadi, Kim Guldstrand Larsen, Peter Gjol Jensen, Imran Riaz Hasrat
Summary: This paper surveys the applications of District Heating Systems (DHS) in power system flexibility. It examines the basic structure of DHS, reviews control strategies, and investigates the role of heat controllers in power system flexibility. It also studies the compatibility of controllers with flexible energy markets and explores optimization solutions with software tools.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
J. Barco-Burgos, J. C. Bruno, U. Eicker, A. L. Saldana-Robles, V Alcantar-Camarena
Summary: This study reviews different district heating and cooling networks and explores the integration of high-temperature commercial heat pumps. The results show that integrating heat pumps into DHC networks can significantly improve environmental performance while providing economic benefits.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristina Lygnerud, Jonas Ottosson, Johan Kensby, Linnea Johansson
Summary: The study analyzes the potential benefits of using Heat Pumps in District Heating Networks, showing that it can lead to significant cost and emissions savings. However, the transition to successful HP/DH combinations faces challenges such as resistance from Swedish DH companies, low maturity in service provision, limited customer engagement, and difficulty in capitalizing on the value of green technology adoption.
Article
Thermodynamics
Dominik Hering, Andre Xhonneux, Dirk Muller
Summary: District heating is an efficient heat supply technology that integrates waste heat sources. Optimization models are used to design heating networks by considering factors such as temperature. Design decisions, such as the positioning of heat pumps, influence the optimal operation and result in a trade-off between economic and ecological solutions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Di Wu, Bin Hu, R. Z. Wang
Summary: Global warming is a major environmental concern that requires effective methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption. Low-GWP refrigerants have become a research focus for the development of vapor compression heat pumps, but there is a lack of published reviews and systematic application guidelines for using pure low-GWP refrigerants in heat pumps.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Katinka Johansen, Sven Werner
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the district heating system in Denmark, discussing its past, present, and future perspectives. The Danish district heating system stands out internationally due to its heat planning strategies, technical solutions, energy efficiency and sustainability, ownership models and financing. The future challenges for the Danish district heating sector include increasing biomass import dependency, the changing role of combined heat and power plants, transitions to non-combustion heat supplies, and competition from individual heat pumps. However, the development of "smart" thermal grids will facilitate sector coupling processes as more renewable energy resources are integrated into the energy system.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Poul Alberg Ostergaard, Sven Werner, Anders Dyrelund, Henrik Lund, Ahmad Arabkoohsar, Peter Sorknaes, Oddgeir Gudmundsson, Jan Eric Thorsen, Brian Vad Mathiesen
Summary: Research on new advanced district heating concepts has been increasing since the definition of the first four generations of district heating in 2014. The fourth generation, which includes cross-sectoral integration into smart energy systems, has provided a framework for potential futures in district heating. To create a similar framework for district cooling, this paper defines the four generations of district cooling, which includes the development of different cooling systems and their integration with other energy sectors.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Henrik Lund, Iva Ridjan Skov, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Peter Sorknaes, Andrei David Korberg, Miguel Chang, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Mikkel Strunge Kany
Summary: This paper aims to identify the role of sustainable bioenergy in achieving the Danish government's goals of reducing 70% of CO2 emissions and reaching a fully decarbonised society. The presented methodology and approach are relevant for other countries heading in the same direction. The focus is on developing sustainable biomass resources and conversion technologies within the energy and transport sectors, paired with carbon capture utilisation and storage, to coordinate with other sectors and achieve a fully decarbonised society.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Henrik Lund, Poul Alberg ostergaard, Neven Duic, Brian Vad Mathiesen
Article
Thermodynamics
Peter Sorknaes, Rasmus M. Johannsen, Andrei D. Korberg, Tore B. Nielsen, Uni R. Petersen, Brian Mathiesen
Summary: Future renewable energy systems with high shares of variable renewable energy production require technologies and measures to balance production fluctuations, such as electricity storage, energy demand adaptation, and sector coupling. This study evaluates the role of industry electrification in different renewable energy system scenarios and finds that prioritizing direct electrification of industrial process heat demand is preferable.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
P. A. Ostergaard, H. Lund, J. Z. Thellufsen, P. Sorknaes, B. V. Mathiesen
Summary: Energy systems analyses play a crucial role in transitioning towards renewable energy-based energy systems. This article examines the validity and contribution of EnergyPLAN through a comprehensive analysis of its applications and findings. The study reveals the widespread use of EnergyPLAN across different systems and stages of development, and highlights important insights obtained through its application.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Peter Sorknaes, Steffen Nielsen, Henrik Lund, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Diana Moreno, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen
Summary: This paper explores the energy system benefits of transitioning district heating infrastructure from 3rd generation to 4th generation, and evaluates the costs and energy effects at a national level. It also investigates the impacts of different cooling solutions in datacentres. The study found that transitioning to 4th generation district heating reduces system costs and improves energy efficiency in Denmark, and increasing the temperature outlet of datacentre waste heat adds value to the system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zvonimir Guzovic, Neven Duic, Antonio Piacentino, Natasa Markovska, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Henrik Lund
Summary: This paper presents an overview of researches in the field of emissions reduction and energy, contributing to the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Article
Thermodynamics
Miguel Chang, Henrik Lund, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Poul Alberg Ostergaard
Summary: Energy system models are crucial for planning the energy transition and understanding its impacts. However, because of the complexity of this transition, one model alone is often insufficient. Therefore, linking different model classes has become a common practice to gain insights about the energy system. While previous literature has focused on proposing structures for multi-model analyses or including specific aspects from other knowledge domains, there is a lack of high-level overview of model coupling. This article provides an outlook on coupling ESM paradigms and model coupling with other knowledge dimensions, highlighting the importance of purpose-driven model coupling for answering specific questions about the energy transition.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrei David Korberg, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Iva Ridjan Skov, Miguel Chang, Susana Paardekooper, Henrik Lund, Brian Vad Mathiesen
Summary: This paper analyzes the feasibility of using hydrogen as a direct fuel in all energy sectors in a 100% renewable energy system for Europe in 2050. The results indicate that using hydrogen for heating purposes is costly and inefficient, while hydrogen for electricity production is only beneficial in limited quantities due to losses. In the transport sector, hydrogen is an expensive alternative to liquid e-fuels and electrified transport due to high infrastructure costs and low energy efficiency. In the industry sector, hydrogen may be beneficial for reducing biomass at a lower cost, but electrification and e-methane may be more feasible options.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rasmus Magni Johannsen, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Katerina Kermeli, Wina Crijns-Graus, Poul Alberg Ostergaard
Summary: This paper presents the use of the tool IndustryPLAN to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy in the European industrial sector. The results show that known technologies can decarbonise most of the industry, but limiting bioenergy consumption is a critical challenge. A full transition to renewable energy requires sustainable investments from 2030 onwards and full decarbonisation of grid electricity.
Article
Thermodynamics
Luis Sanchez-Garcia, Helge Averfalk, Erik Mollerstrom, Urban Persson
Summary: This study conducted an in-depth analysis of key parameters in a large Danish district heating network, including the effective width of distribution and service pipes, as well as the average pipe diameter. The study explored the behavior of the effective width in various building densities and derived new equations for both the effective width and average pipe diameter. The model was then validated in another large network and several minor districts in Denmark, demonstrating its accuracy at an aggregated level.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Rasmus Magni Johannsen, Katerina Kermeli, Wina Crijns-Graus, Henrik Lund, Iva Ridjan Skov
Summary: The green transition of industry is crucial for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. This paper introduces seven guiding principles and a freeware tool, IndustryPLAN, to quantify and implement strategies for the decarbonization of industry. The tool enables specific analyses of climate mitigation measures and resilience against fuel, electricity, and technology price fluctuations. The combination of the guiding principles methodology and the IndustryPLAN tool identifies significant energy savings and the potential for full decarbonization with a 100% renewable energy supply for industry.
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Christian Breyer, Siavash Khalili, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Manish Ram, Ayobami Solomon Oyewo, Arman Aghahosseini, Ashish Gulagi, A. A. Solomon, Dominik Keiner, Gabriel Lopez, Poul Alberg Ostergaard, Henrik Lund, Brian Mathiesen, Mark Z. Jacobson, Marta Victoria, Sven Teske, Thomas Pregger, Vasilis Fthenakis, Marco Raugei, Hannele Holttinen, Ugo Bardi, Auke Hoekstra, Benjamin K. Sovacool
Summary: Research on 100% renewable energy systems is a relatively new field that has found that achieving 100% renewable energy worldwide is feasible and cost-effective. Solar energy and wind power are seen as the central pillars of a sustainable energy system, and research has focused on addressing challenges such as grid congestion, energy storage, sector coupling, and climate change.
