Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhengqi Wei, Haoyu Wang, Yiqing Lu, Dongdong Shu, Guangdong Ning, Minfan Fu
Summary: This article presents a new bidirectional resonant converter for battery equalization, featuring constant balancing current and fixed frequency control. The design ensures zero-voltage switching and simplifies synchronous rectification. Experimental results demonstrate outstanding balancing performance of the proposed scheme.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdar Ali, Jiang Chuanwen, Zhou Yan, Salman Habib, Muhammad Mansoor Khan
Summary: This article proposes a topology for electric vehicle battery chargers, achieving high efficiency and power density through a soft-switching strategy and simple auxiliary network, reducing component stresses and achieving stable DC output and power factor correction. The simple control strategy of the proposed topology makes it an attractive choice for the development of fast battery chargers in the electric vehicle industry.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Harish Karneddi, Deepak Ronanki
Summary: This letter introduces a new reconfigurable battery charger that can charge existing and next-generation EV battery packs with the same power rating. It uses only one relay and a filter capacitor branch, avoiding the need for many passive and active components for reconfiguration. The charger's configuration also avoids the need for a large grid-side filter and can operate in an extremely wide voltage range with intermediate battery voltage charging options.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhengqi Wei, Faxiang Peng, Haoyu Wang
Summary: In this paper, a constant current string-to-cell battery equalizer with open-loop current control is proposed to effectively mitigate the inconsistency of battery strings. The equalizer achieves a constant balancing current with simple fixed-frequency open-loop control, and ensures zero-voltage switching among all MOSFETs during the equalization process. Experimental results validate the functionality and analysis of this equalizer, which exhibits a high efficiency, low components count, and obviously reduced control complexity compared with the conventional architecture.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas, Adyr A. Estevez-Ben, Juvenal Rodriguez-Resendiz, Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano, Jose M. Alvarez-Alvarado
Summary: Technology in electric vehicles has significantly improved in the past decade and is expected to continue growing rapidly in the coming years to address the issue of transportation-related pollution. The battery is a crucial component of electric cars due to its high cost. Cell equalizer circuits are essential to ensure the safety and proper functioning of batteries, by keeping all cells within a specific range of variables such as voltage. This research proposes a switched-capacitor-based equalizer that allows for more efficient and faster equalization processes, as well as the use of additional equalization variables. The paper examines the operation, power design, and controller design of the converter, compares the proposed equalizer with other capacitor-based architectures, and presents simulation results to validate the theoretical analysis.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kazuaki Tesaki, Makoto Hagiwara
Summary: This article introduces a bidirectional nonisolated DC/DC converter based on switched-capacitor converters for electric railway system applications. The converter consists of multiple main converters, each with two power devices, multiple auxiliary converters formed by cascaded chopper cells, and small-sized inductors for current control. The converter can achieve zero-current switching for all power devices under any load conditions, removing square-wave currents from both high- and low-voltage sides.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ziwei Liang, Liyan Zhu, Yue Sun, Jie Li, Ruiyang Qin, Basu Arka, Daniel Costinett, Hua Bai
Summary: This letter proposes a multipurpose magnetic coupler-based charging solution that integrates bidirectional on-board charger (OBC), wireless power transfer (WPT), and an auxiliary power module (APM) to further enhance the system integration and convenience of the battery charging system for electric vehicles. The proposed solution highlights the integration of OBC, WPT, and APM in one unit, the magnetic integration using a multiwinding WPT pad, and the topological integration that saves multiple active and passive devices. The letter includes a description of the system topology, operation principles of individual charging modes, a novel magnetic coupler, and the design methodology. A prototype was constructed and different charging modes were tested to validate the proposed design.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lizhou Liu, Ruikun Mai, Bin Xu, Wenbing Sun, Wei Zhou, Zhengyou He
Summary: An automatic parallel resonant switched-capacitor equalizer is proposed to eliminate inrush current and increase balance speed by utilizing resonant switched-capacitors and parallel ReSC converters. The circuit controls all switches with a pair of complementary pulsewidth modulation signals at a fixed operational frequency. Simulation and experiments confirm the feasibility of the circuit, showing three times faster balance speed compared to traditional equalizers.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaobing Zhang, Guohua Zhou, Shuyi Liu
Summary: Due to high voltage stress, series parallel switched-capacitor (SPSC) equalizers have low reliability. To reduce the voltage stress, this paper proposes two switched-capacitor (SC) equalizers using hybrid balancing paths. Balancing paths among cells are used for energy transfer and balancing paths among substrings improve balancing speed. The proposed equalizers are decomposed into SC balancing units and graph networks for simplified analysis. A modularized method is also proposed for high voltage applications to further decrease voltage stress. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed equalizers' effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Haijun Yu, Hongliang Dai, Guangdong Tian, Benben Wu, Yinghao Xie, Ying Zhu, Tongzhu Zhang, Amir Mohammad Fathollahi-Fard, Qi He, Hong Tang
Summary: With the increasing production and marketing of new energy vehicles in China, there is a growing threat to the environment and social security from the large number of scrapped electric vehicle batteries. By proposing an integrated vehicle identification number (VIN) code and standards for battery recycling, this research aims to address the efficient and convenient recycling of new energy vehicle batteries.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhenning Li, Shouxiang Li, Shengnan Liang, Shuhua Zheng, Suli Zou, Guoju Zhang
Summary: In this article, a modulation map is proposed for a family of phase-shift-modulated resonant switched-capacitor converters (RSCs) to guide the converter operation and design within the desired voltage gain range, low component stress region, and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation region. The modulation map incorporates a hybrid modulation strategy combining phase-shift and variable frequency to expand the voltage gain range and ZVS region. Similar analysis methods and modulation maps can be applied to other RSCs, providing valuable operation and design references. A prototype of a triple-mode RSC with a power level of 225W and peak efficiency of 96.2% was designed and tested to validate the proposed modulation map.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cuidong Xu, Ka Wai Eric Cheng
Summary: This paper presents a current converter that utilizes inductors for energy storage, with special current conversion capability and soft-switching. It has potential for a wide range of applications, including current bucking.
Article
Economics
Catherine Ledna, Matteo Muratori, Aaron Brooker, Eric Wood, David Greene
Summary: Supporting the adoption of zero-emission vehicles, particularly electric vehicles, is a priority for governments due to their potential to reduce petroleum demand, improve air quality, and lower carbon emissions. This study uses a consumer choice model to simulate vehicle adoption and emissions in California, and demonstrates the effectiveness of public charging infrastructure and vehicle purchase subsidies in promoting EV sales and reducing CO2 emissions under different scenarios.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marko Krstic, Suzan Eren, Praveen Jain
Summary: A precise curvature-based modeling technique for SC DC-DC converters is proposed in this study, providing comprehensive characterization across the full range of operating conditions. The accuracy of the model is validated through simulations and experimental measurements.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qi Lu, Shuangmu Li, Bo Zhao, Junmin Jiang, Zhiyuan Chen, Sijun Du
Summary: This article presents a new recursive dc-dc converter system that can dynamically reconfigure the connection of all on-chip 2:1 converter cells to increase load-driving capacity, power density, and power efficiency.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yongzhe Kang, Xichen Yang, Zhongkai Zhou, Bin Duan, Qiang Liu, Yunlong Shang, Chenghui Zhang
Summary: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in cleaner productions such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, but the frequent occurrence of battery safety accidents also restrict their large-scale promotion and application. This study proposes a standardized fault feature comparison method to quantitatively study the sensitivity and robustness of different fault diagnostic methods for lithium-ion batteries under various conditions. The results highlight the importance of considering environmental conditions and battery status when choosing parameters and diagnostic thresholds in battery fault diagnostic methods.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenhui Pei, Qi Zhang, Yongjing Li
Summary: This paper presents an efficiency optimization controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor of an electric vehicle. A new loss model is obtained based on the motor's energy balance equation and a new loss minimization algorithm is designed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the motor's efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Di Xu, Wenhui Pei, Qi Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes an electric vehicle charging station site-selection model based on kernel density analysis of urban population, and designs an immune algorithm to optimize the solution. The effectiveness of the model is validated through a simulation example in Jinan City, and a comparison with traditional models is conducted.
Article
Mathematics
Hao Ma, Wenhui Pei, Qi Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes to combine the improved artificial potential field method with the rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm to plan the path. By combining the RRT algorithm to solve the path oscillation, and designing a model predictive control (MPC) trajectory tracking controller with constraints, the method verifies the optimality and conformity of the planned path. Simulation results show that the method effectively solves the problem of path oscillation and can plan the optimal path according to different environments and vehicle motion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yongjing Li, Wenhui Pei, Qi Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) based on hybrid strategies to enhance the search ability and solution accuracy of the original algorithm in solving location models or high-dimensional problems. The use of chaos mapping and reverse learning mechanism, along with improved convergence factor and probability threshold, greatly improves the solution capability of IWOA. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of IWOA in solving optimization problems and reducing the comprehensive cost in site selection for electric vehicle charging stations.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chenghui Zhang, Yongzhe Kang, Bin Duan, Zhongkai Zhou, Qi Zhang, Yunlong Shang, Alian Chen
Summary: This article proposes an adaptive battery capacity estimation method suitable for arbitrary charging voltage range based on incremental capacity (IC) analysis and data-driven techniques. Experimental results show that the method can accurately estimate battery capacity under arbitrary charging conditions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chi Zhang, Binyue Xu, Jasronita Jasni, Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi, Norhafiz Azis, Qi Zhang
Summary: Faced with the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the development of new energy electric vehicles has been accelerated due to the resistance against traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used in electric vehicles and other fields because of their simple structure, light weight, small size, and high power density. This paper proposes an optimized model predictive torque control strategy based on voltage vector expansion, which effectively controls the flux linkage vector and achieves optimal duty cycle control.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Guangcai Zhao, Chenghui Zhang, Bin Duan, Yunlong Shang, Yongzhe Kang, Rui Zhu
Summary: This article proposes a novel data-driven method using generative adversarial networks to estimate the health status of lithium-ion batteries. By generating auxiliary samples and detecting anomalous aging indicators, a general model is developed and a model building rule is proposed. The experimental results show that this method outperforms other models in prediction performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhongkai Zhou, Bin Duan, Yongzhe Kang, Yunlong Shang, Qi Zhang, Chenghui Zhang
Summary: In this article, a practical SoH estimation method for LiFePO4 batteries based on Gaussian mixture regression (GMR) and incremental capacity (IC) analysis is proposed. The method achieves high accuracy, high adaptability, and low complexity in estimating the SoH of the batteries.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yongjing Li, Wenhui Pei, Qi Zhang, Di Xu, Hao Ma
Summary: This paper proposes an optimization method for locating electric vehicle charging stations by considering the dynamic charging demand. The driving characteristics and charging characteristics of the electric vehicle are obtained based on the driving trajectory, and the charging demand is predicted through Monte Carlo simulation. A mathematical model is constructed with the goal of minimizing overall cost, taking into account the impact on carbon emissions. The improved whale optimization algorithm based on a hybrid strategy is proposed to solve the location model more effectively.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hao Ma, Wenhui Pei, Qi Zhang, Di Xu, Yongjing Li
Summary: In order to solve the design problem of electric vehicle charging station distribution, this paper establishes a mixed integer model based on game theory ideas, considering user and investor costs. The hierarchical analysis is used to minimize the combined cost of users and charging stations as the objective, and an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is designed to solve the model. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can effectively solve the mixed integer model and improve charging efficiency and reliability.
WORLD ELECTRIC VEHICLE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yuhao Zhu, Xin Gu, Ziheng Mao, Wenyuan Zhao, Yunlong Shang
Summary: This paper proposes a rapid cycle life test method based on intelligent prediction for lithium-ion batteries, decoupling original capacity data and utilizing LSTM model for prediction. The diversity of training data is improved by a data expansion technique, with the feasibility and effectiveness proven by NASA datasets. The results show a reduction of at least 90% in cycle life test time with an error of less than 3 cycles.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Gu, Jinglun Li, Yuhao Zhu, Yue Wang, Ziheng Mao, Yunlong Shang
Summary: In this study, a fast and intelligent screening approach for retired batteries is proposed, which achieves high efficiency and accuracy. By utilizing a cloud-edge collaborative framework and a Light Gradient Boosting Machine model, rapid classification and screening of large-scale retired batteries are achieved, while significantly improving the voltage consistency of battery modules.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Xin Gu, Jinglun Li, Kailong Liu, Yuhao Zhu, Xuewen Tao, Yunlong Shang
Summary: This study presents a minor fault diagnosis approach for lithium-ion batteries based on phase plane sample entropy, which accurately detects minor faults and predicts the time of occurrence. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and generalizability of the proposed method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Qi Zhang, Wenhui Pei
Summary: This study investigates the DSP processor-in-the-loop tests based on automatic code generation technology. By utilizing model-based design and embedded code automatic generation technology, the automatic code generation and testing of DSP control algorithm is achieved. The results show that this technology can shorten development cycle, improve the robustness and consistency of control code, and can be applied to intelligent design and implementation in complex algorithm development process.