Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haris Qayyum, Izzat Iqbal Cheema, Mohsin Abdullah, Muhammad Amin, Imtiaz Afzal Khan, Eui-Jong Lee, Kang Hoon Lee
Summary: This study developed a one-dimensional model of an adiabatic packed bed reactor used for chemical looping reforming (CLR) in gPROMS Model Builder 4.1.0 (R). The effects of variations in temperature, pressure, gas mass velocity, nickel oxide concentration, reactor length, and particle diameter on the performance of the CL-SMR process were investigated through thermodynamic and parametric analysis.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ali Akbar Darabadi Zare, Mortaza Yari, Hossein Nami, Farzad Mohammadkhani
Summary: An integrated energy system is investigated in this study, considering the thermodynamic and economic aspects. The system includes steam methane reforming, chemical looping combustion, gas turbine, water gas shift reactor, carbon storage, palladium membrane, and organic Rankine cycle. It can generate power, hydrogen, and heat while benefiting from heat integration between steam methane reforming and chemical looping combustion, thus reducing environmental pollution.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tobias Proell, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: The combination of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and steam methane reforming (SMR) is a promising method for CO(2) capture and hydrogen production. By optimizing the dimensions of the SMR tube, it is possible to improve the performance and reduce the necessary tube length. Simulation results show that using smaller tube diameters can significantly decrease the required tube length for equivalent gas conversion.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mousa Nazari, Mohammad Soltanieh, Amir Heydarinasab, Bozorgmehr Maddah
Summary: The novel self-supported Mgy(CuxNi0.6-xMn0.4)1-yFe2O4 oxygen carriers were synthesized and characterized, showing the beneficial effect of Mg incorporation on the support structure. Among them, Mg0.1(Cu0.3Ni0.3-Mn0.4)0.9Fe2O4 exhibited the highest activity and stability in Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming process, achieving the highest CH4 conversion and H2 yield.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhihong Wu, Zhigang Guo, Jian Yang, Qiuwang Wang
Summary: In this study, the effects of different pitch of internal helical heat fins on methane steam reforming in a packed bed reactor were investigated. It was found that larger pitch increased the outlet mass flow and velocity disturbance by 9.5% and 382.3% respectively, but also brought higher flow resistance. The internal helical heat fins improved the fluid temperature and reduced the thermal resistance, with a temperature increase of 19.2 K and a thermal resistance decrease of 43.1% compared to the normal packed bed. The highest efficiency was achieved when the pitch was 120 mm, with an increase of 42.3%. Although the internal helical heat fins increased the reactor cost due to structural complexity, the total cost decreased. The lowest total cost was achieved when the pitch was 120 mm, with a decrease of 24.6% to about 1.6 USD/kg.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alvaro Amieiro, Stephen Poultson, David Wails, Vincenzo Spallina, Panagiotis Alexandros Argyris, Christopher de Leeuwe, Syed Zaheer Abbas
Summary: This study demonstrates the application of chemical looping reforming (CLR) in packed bed reactors and explores the oxidation, reduction, and dry reforming processes under different operating conditions. A successful demonstration of a complete pseudo-continuous cycle verifies the continuity and feasibility of the process. These results provide the basis for scaling up the process.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Chinonyelum Udemu, Carolina Font-Palma
Summary: Sorption-enhanced steam reforming (SE-SR) offers lower capital costs and compact makeup, but its technology readiness level (TRL) is currently low. Increasing activities in reactor modelling and validation at pilot scale can expedite large-scale deployment of SE-SR technology. The Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model is commonly used for modelling SE-SR, but it oversimplifies the particle system and may have large errors for CO2 gas output. Limitations and future perspectives for reactor designs and various modelling approaches are discussed.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Leire Landa, Aingeru Remiro, Beatriz Valle, Javier Bilbao, Ana G. Gayubo
Summary: The choice of reactors and reforming strategies significantly affects H2 production from raw bio-oil. Packed-bed and fluidized-bed reactors were compared in terms of conversion, product yields, and deactivation using a NiAl2O4 spinel catalyst for steam reforming and sorption enhanced steam reforming (with dolomite to capture CO2). The results showed that the FBR had lower H2 yields due to less efficient gas-solid contact. Catalyst deactivation was related to coke deposition and varied depending on the reactor type and reforming strategy. The presence of dolomite extended the stable catalyst activity period in both reactors.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
M. Mateen Shahid, Syed Zaheer Abbas, Fahad Maqbool, Sergio Ramirez-Solis, Valerie Dupont, Tariq Mahmud
Summary: The study investigated the impact of three different types of sorbents on sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) process and found the optimum operating conditions. CaO sorbent showed the best performance at 900K and 3 bar, with 82% CH4 conversion and 85% H-2 purity; LZC and HTC sorbents performed well at 773K and 5 bar.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mousa Nazari, Amir Heydari Nasab, Mohammad Soltanieh, Bozorgmehr Maddah
Summary: In this study, a self-supported CuxNi0.6-xMn0.4Fe2O4 oxygen carrier was synthesized using co-precipitation for chemical looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR). Response surface methodology and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the effects of variables and optimize the operational conditions for best responses. The results show that temperature and oxygen carrier type are the most influential parameters, with the redox cycles' count having the least effect on CH4 conversion and H-2 yield.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peng Yan, Yi Cheng
Summary: Methane steam reforming is expected to be the dominant method for hydrogen production in the future. The use of a membrane reactor can significantly save energy and achieve process and equipment compactness, especially for decentralized applications. This study focuses on the design of a particle-based packed-bed membrane reactor and investigates its operational window and design challenges through experimental and computational approaches, with a particular emphasis on the scale of the reactor and catalyst activity. The results reveal the optimal operation conditions for maximizing hydrogen flux and identify catalyst activity as the key limiting factor for further process intensification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Vlad-Cristian Sandu, Calin-Cristian Cormos, Ana-Maria Cormos
Summary: This study developed a dynamic multiscale model and a CFD multilayer particle model to simulate and investigate packed bed syngas CLC process. The results showed that larger particle sizes and lower flow rates can reduce pressure drops, while smaller particle sizes contribute to higher energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Manhee Byun, Heehyang Kim, Hyunjun Lee, Dongjun Lim, Hankwon Lim
Summary: Techno-economic analysis is conducted to assess the feasibility of methanol steam reforming in different packed-bed reactor and membrane filter systems. The effects of reaction temperature, H-2 permeance, and the number of reactors and filters on hydrogen production cost are investigated. Regression function for unit H-2 production cost is achieved based on analysis results, and operating conditions are optimized.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dyovani Bruno Lima Santos, Ana Caroline Pereira Oliveira, Carla Eponina Hori
Summary: The study investigated the effect of adding sodium to a CaO sorbent in SE-SMR process. It was found that while sodium addition decreased the duration of pre-breakthrough, it also increased sintering effect. XRD, SEM, and TGA results showed an inverse relationship between particle diameter and CO2 capture performance.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhihong Wu, Zhigang Guo, Jian Yang, Qiuwang Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of different diameter distribution of particles on methane steam reforming in a packed bed reactor using the equivalent medium method. The results showed that optimizing the diameter distribution of variable particles in radial and axial direction can significantly improve the efficiency of the packed bed reactor.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Florian Pruvost, Schalk Cloete, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Chaitanya Dhoke, Abdelghafour Zaabout
Summary: A techno-economic assessment of molten salt pyrolysis process reveals that moderate pressure and limited reactor size can achieve high efficiency and promising economics. In the long-term, turquoise hydrogen can serve as a promising alternative to blue hydrogen in regions with public resistance to CO2 transport and storage. In the medium-term, expensive first-of-a-kind plants can produce carbon that can access smaller high-value markets, ensuring profitable operation even for first movers.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ambrose Ugwu, Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Abdelghafour Zaabout, Shareq Mohd Nazir, Nimet Uzun Kalendar, Schalk Cloete, Szabolcs Szima, Szabolcs Fogarasi, Felix Donat, Geert van Diest, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Knuth Albertsen, Ana-Maria Cormos, Calin-Cristian Cormos, Shahriar Amini
Summary: Gas switching technology (GST) has been widely applied in the conversion of fossil fuels and biomass, enabling integrated CO2 capture with minimal energy penalty and demonstrating the feasibility and potential energy and cost savings of the technology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Juan Jose Roncal Casano, Schalk Cloete
Summary: This study presents an exergoeconomic assessment of integrating two-phase expanders (TPE) in cryogenic air separation units. The results show that the integration of TPE in the ASU configurations can increase exergy efficiency and reduce specific power consumption. From an economic perspective, the total liquid pumping scheme with TPE presents a significant cost reduction compared to the configuration with gas compressors.
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete
Summary: This study evaluates the prospects of blue and green ammonia as future energy carriers and compares them with conventional technologies. The results show that blue ammonia is more economically attractive, while green ammonia has higher costs in technology integration and energy.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eva Domingues, Eryk Fernandes, Telma Vaz, Joao Gomes, Sergio Castro-Silva, Rui C. Martins, Rosa Quinta-Ferreira, Licinio M. Ferreira
Summary: The combination of Fenton process and ion exchange is a promising approach for the treatment of cumbersome industrial wastewaters, as it can remove iron sludge and reduce COD effectively.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui Boavida-Dias, Joao R. Silva, Andreia D. Santos, Rui C. Martins, Luis M. Castro, Rosa M. Quinta-Ferreira
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of three wastewater treatment systems and found that the sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SBMBBR) had the best removal efficiency for COD, TC, and TN. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) produced less biomass and the activated sludge (AS) treatment generated the highest amount of sludge.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Carolina Vicente, Joao R. Silva, Andreia D. Santos, Rosa M. Quinta-Ferreira, Luis M. Castro
Summary: This study evaluates a new, reliable, efficient, and sustainable process to treat highly polluted cork boiling wastewater. By combining physicochemical treatment and electrocoagulation, high removal efficiencies can be achieved, particularly in terms of total nitrogen removal.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Andreia D. Santos, Joao R. Silva, Luis M. Castro, Rosa M. Quinta-Ferreira
Summary: Empirical kinetic models were used to describe and establish the kinetics of anaerobic digestion of pig slurry. The Weibull model was found to be the most suitable for predicting the kinetic parameters, with the lowest errors and highest goodness of fit.
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: Growing concerns about climate change have led to increased interest in alternative energy carriers to fossil fuels. Methanol shows promise as a potential solution for transportation and storage challenges, with an existing infrastructure and scalable synthesis process. This study assesses the techno-economic viability of producing methanol from natural gas and renewable energy with direct air capture (DAC). The results indicate that both natural gas and renewable methanol have their advantages and costs, and the deployment of renewable methanol at scale will require strong policy support.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Schalk Cloete
Summary: This study provides a techno-economic assessment of methanol production from solid fuels, showing that methanol can be produced with reduced CO2 emissions through co-gasification with biomass. It is cost-competitive with gasoline and offers a solution for climate change and energy security in energy importing regions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Schalk Cloete, Jose Antonio Garcia del Pozo Martin de Hijas
Summary: The increasing share of wind and solar energy in decarbonized electricity systems has created a need for innovative power cycles using unconventional fuels. This study compared different large-scale power plants and their fuel supply infrastructure, specifically focusing on chemically recuperated cycles using MeOH and NH3 as fuels. The results showed that MeOH can be competitive with natural-gas-fired combined cycles at low capacity factors, while NH3 can compete with H2 at higher capacity factors. Liquid fuels present a superior solution when salt cavern storage is unavailable or multi-week fuel storage is highly valued.
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: This study investigates the potential of ammonia production from local coal and biomass resources with CO2 capture for negative emissions. Two innovative configurations are compared with a benchmark, and the results show lower and higher costs for the E-gas and MHI concepts, respectively. Benchmarking against alternative ammonia supply pathways indicates that the energy security offered by the E-gas configuration may be economically attractive to importers with rising CO2 taxes.
Article
Thermodynamics
Bart Tulkens, Schalk Cloete, Pfunzo Muvhali, Rob Bastiaans
Summary: Low-income communities face a cycle of causality between lack of energy services and insufficient income. This study proposes a novel energy system model to optimize the deployment and dispatch of energy supply and services in a South African village. The results show that optimized technology rollout can save each person over 1500 productive hours per year at a cost below 0.2 $/hour. The study also identifies the optimal order of technology deployment for driving economic development.
Article
Thermodynamics
Schalk Cloete, Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: Fuels accounted for 76% of global final energy consumption in 2021, and although efforts to electrify can reduce this share, fuels will still play a leading role in the global energy system. This study focuses on ammonia and methanol as low-carbon fuel alternatives to traditional petroleum fuels, as hydrogen faces challenges in storage and distribution. Four low-carbon fuel production pathways are compared, and it is found that electrolytic fuels struggle to compete with hydrocarbon fuels equipped with CCS. Ammonia or methanol from solid fuels are seen as attractive solutions for affordable carbon-negative energy security.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joao R. Silva, Francisco Carvalho, Carolina Vicente, Andreia D. Santos, Rosa M. Quinta -Ferreira, Luis M. Castro
Summary: This study investigates electrocoagulation as an alternative treatment for Cork Boiling Wastewater (CBW). The results show that adjusting the current density, electric tension, and electrolyte concentration can achieve efficient removal of COD, TC, TN, and TSS. Higher current density and electrolyte concentration reduce electrode wear time but increase overall pollutant removal.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)