Post-Translational Modifications of RelB NF-κB Subunit and Associated Functions

The family of NF-kappa B transcription factors plays a key role in diverse biological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses, cell survival and tumor development. Beyond the classical NF-kappa B activation pathway, a second NF-kappa B pathway has more recently been uncovered, the so-called alternative NF-kappa B activation pathway. It has been shown that this pathway mainly controls the activity of RelB, a member of the NF-kappa B family. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation, have recently emerged as a strategy for the fine-tuned regulation of NF-kappa B. Our review discusses recent progress in the understanding of RelB regulation by post-translational modifications and the associated functions in normal and pathological conditions.