Review
Virology
Tessa Van Royen, Iebe Rossey, Koen Sedeyn, Bert Schepens, Xavier Saelens
Summary: RSV infection inhibits host's innate immune response through multiple proteins, including suppression of interferon production and signaling, reduction of immune cell recruitment and cytokine production, and negative effects on mitochondrial proteins.
Article
Infectious Diseases
G. Lui, C. K. Wong, M. Chan, K. C. Chong, R. Wong, I Chu, M. Zhang, T. Li, D. S. C. Hui, N. Lee, P. K. S. Chan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the viral kinetics, host inflammatory response, and their correlation with disease severity in older adults with RSV infection. The results showed that inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was independently associated with severe disease, while RSV viral load was not associated with disease severity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anthony Bosco
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Rhinovirus (RV) infections are major triggers of severe lower respiratory illnesses (sLRI) in infants and children and are strongly associated with the subsequent development of asthma. Recent findings highlight novel aspects of the interferon response in sLRI pathogenesis and provide new directions for mechanistic studies and drug development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Ayse Agac, Sophie M. Kolbe, Martin Ludlow, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Robert Meineke, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
Summary: RSV infections are a significant public health concern, particularly in infants and older adults. Although RSV shows limited antigenic variation, short-term or incomplete immunity may lead to reinfections. Two RSV vaccines have been approved for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in older adults, and a vaccine for pregnant women has recently been approved to prevent severe RSV disease in infants.
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Martin-Vicente, Salvador Resino, Isidoro Martinez
Summary: The human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly. The main targets of HRSV infection are the respiratory epithelial cells, where the immune response against the virus begins. The intricate signaling pathways and post-translation modifications regulate the early innate immune response to control virus replication and immunopathology.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Guohong Zhu, Dan Xu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Tianlin Wang, Lingyan Zhang, Weizhong Gu, Meiping Shen
Summary: The study found that the rates of viral infection in children vary by different ages and seasons, with the highest positivity rate of adenovirus appearing in the preschool period, respiratory syncytial virus being highest in infants, and influenza virus increasing with age. The total positive rate of viral infection in different seasons is highest in winter, with influenza positivity rate also being highest in winter.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amy S. Bleakley, Paul V. Licciardi, Michael J. Binks
Summary: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and its deficiency in children is associated with increased risk of respiratory infections. While some studies have explored the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D during challenge with respiratory pathogens, further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms and impacts on different immune cell types in response to various pathogens.
Article
Immunology
Sheng Qin, Xianzhang Huang, Shaogang Qu
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization in pediatric patients. Baicalin, a compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has potent anti-viral properties against RSV. It inhibits RSV replication, induces the production of type I interferons, reverses lung epithelial thickening, and inhibits the transcription and translation of specific RSV proteins.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seon Jin Lee, Jeong Min Kim, Ha Rim Keum, Sang Won Kim, Hee Sun Baek, Jun Chul Byun, Yu Kyung Kim, Saeyoon Kim, Jae Min Lee
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the incidence of encephalitis and viral infections in all age groups from 2015 to 2019. The results showed that respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), coronavirus (HCoV), influenza virus (IFV), and norovirus tended to precede encephalitis by 1 month. Further research is needed to confirm the association between these viruses and encephalitis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Hortense Petat, Vincent Gajdos, Francois Angoulvant, Pierre-Olivier Vidalain, Sandrine Corbet, Christophe Marguet, Jacques Brouard, Astrid Vabret, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh
Summary: The study found that in infants with acute bronchiolitis, 90% tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus and 34% for human rhinovirus, with a higher risk of HRV infection in the absence of RSV. This suggests the presence of interference or exclusion mechanisms between HRV and RSV.
Article
Virology
Jessica Santiago Cruz, Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna, Vitoria Rodrigues Guimaraes Alves, Danielle Dias Conte, Nancy Cristina Junqueira Bellei
Summary: RSV plays a significant role in acute respiratory infections among children. Viral load may impact disease severity and clinical presentation. Age and coinfection with other pathogens can also influence RSV infection outcomes.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jorge C. G. Blanco, Lori M. Cullen, Arash Kamali, Fatouomata Y. D. Sylla, Marina S. Boukhvalova, Trudy G. Morrison
Summary: This study compared immune responses after virus-like particle (VLP) immunization in elderly and young cotton rats previously infected with RSV. The results showed that the VLP vaccine was equally effective in activating protective responses in both elderly and young populations. Therefore, VLPs containing F and G proteins can be an effective vaccine for the elderly.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chandrav De, Raymond J. Pickles, Wenbo Yao, Baolin Liao, Allison Boone, Mingyu Choi, Diana M. Battaglia, Frederic B. Askin, Jason K. Whitmire, Guido Silvestri, J. Victor Garcia, Angel Wahl
Summary: RSV infection causes severe morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups. The study demonstrated the extensive lung damage, proinflammatory immune response and protective adaptive immune response against RSV infection. Human T cells, specifically primed CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells, played a key role in controlling RSV replication in the absence of RSV-specific antibodies. These findings support the development of RSV vaccines to improve efficacy by inducing effective T cell responses.
Article
Virology
Chantal J. Snoeck, Konstantin Evdokimov, Kinnaly Xaydalasouk, Sodaly Mongkhoune, Aurelie Sausy, Keoudomphone Vilivong, Maude Pauly, Judith M. Hubschen, Somxay Billamay, Claude P. Muller, Antony P. Black
Summary: Respiratory infections are a common reason for medical consultations in children, with human rhinoviruses being the most frequently detected pathogen in Lao children. Influenza A and B viruses combined infection is also common. The study provides recommendations for vaccination and further research.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Coen Govers, Philip C. Calder, Huub F. J. Savelkoul, Ruud Albers, R. J. Joost van Neerven
Summary: Respiratory infections, especially in vulnerable groups, place a heavy burden on the health care system. Nutrition plays a role in optimizing immune responsiveness and preventing infections. Micronutrients act as regulators of immune cells' molecular responses, while undernutrition and specific micronutrient deficiencies impair immune response and increase susceptibility to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, as well as animal- and plant-derived bioactive components, can support the immune system. Both innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to respiratory tract immunity, and this review aims to describe the effects of different dietary components on these immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Rowan Kuiper, Victoria J. Wright, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Chisato Shimizu, Daphne Huigh, Adriana H. Tremoulet, Danielle van Keulen, Clive J. Hoggart, Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano, Jethro A. Herberg, Myrsini Kaforou, Dennie Tempel, Jane C. Burns, Michael Levin
Summary: This study successfully translates a microarray-based classifier into a more rapid and cost-efficient qRT-PCR assay, the KiDs-GEP classifier, bringing a diagnostic test for Kawasaki disease closer to the hospital clinical laboratory.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Federico Martinon-Torres, Jacek Wysocki, Leszek Szenborn, Alfonso Carmona-Martinez, Airi Poder, Ron Dagan, Peter Richmond, Christopher Gilbert, Marie-Chantale Trudel, Sheryl Flores, Robert Lupinacci, Richard McFetridge, Richard T. Wiedmann, Qiuxu Chen, Han Gerrits, Natalie Banniettis, Luwy Musey, Kara Bickham, Janusz Kaminski
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of V114 and PCV13 in healthy infants. The results showed that V114 elicited immune responses to 13 shared serotypes comparable to PCV13, and had superior responses to two additional serotypes. These findings support the routine use of V114 in infants.
Article
Rheumatology
Samuel Channon-Wells, Ortensia Vito, Andrew J. McArdle, Eleanor G. Seaby, Harsita Patel, Priyen Shah, Ekaterina Pazukhina, Clare Wilson, Claire Broderick, Giselle D'Souza, Ilana Keren, Ruud G. Nijman, Adriana Tremoulet, Daniel Munblit, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez, Michael J. Carter, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Tisham De, Clive Hoggart, Elizabeth Whittaker, Jethro A. Herberg, Myrsini Kaforou, Aubrey J. Cunnington, Oleg Blyuss, Michael Levin
Summary: This study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and found that glucocorticoids or glucocorticoids plus intravenous immunoglobulin were not significantly different from intravenous immunoglobulin alone in terms of clinical efficacy. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids may be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy.
LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alexander James Martin, Fabian Johannes Stanislaus van der Velden, Ulrich von Both, Maria N. Tsolia, Werner Zenz, Manfred Sagmeister, Clementien Vermont, Gabriella de Vries, Laura Kolberg, Emma Lim, Marko Pokorn, Dace Zavadska, Federico Martinon-Torres, Irene Rivero-Calle, Nienke N. Hagedoorn, Effua Usuf, Luregn Schlapbach, Taco W. Kuijpers, Andrew J. Pollard, Shunmay Yeung, Colin Fink, Marie Voice, Enitan Carrol, Philipp K. A. Agyeman, Aakash Khanijau, Stephane Paulus, Tisham De, Jethro Adam Herberg, Michael Levin, Michiel van der Flier, Ronald de Groot, Ruud Nijman, Marieke Emonts
Summary: This study externally validated and updated the Feverkids clinical prediction model for differentiating bacterial pneumonia and other SBIs from non-SBI causes of fever in immunocompromised children. The model showed good discrimination for bacterial pneumonia but poorer performance for other SBIs. The rule-out thresholds have the potential to reduce unnecessary investigations and antibiotics in this high-risk group.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Fabian J. S. van der Velden, Emma Lim, Lily Gills, Jasmin Broadey, Louise Hayes, Eve Roberts, Jack Courtney, Joanne Ball, Jethro Herberg, Rachel Galassini, Marieke Emonts, DIAMONDS consortium
Summary: This study explores the views and knowledge of children and young people in the UK regarding biobanking and consent. The findings suggest that most children accept prospective and deferred consent, and prefer to reconsent when cognitively mature enough. Additionally, children wanted to be informed about the reuse of their biobanked biospecimens.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Antonio Salas, Irene Rivero-Calle, Federico Martinon-Torres
Summary: Vaccine hesitancy is considered a top global health threat by the WHO. This study investigates the ability of the AI chatbot ChatGPT to generate opinions on vaccine hesitancy by examining its response to prevalent false information, contraindications, and myths about vaccine safety circulating on the internet. The findings suggest that while ChatGPT's default responses may be incomplete, they are generally satisfactory and have the potential to guide users towards scientifically aligned information, though it cannot replace experts or scientific evidence itself.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Hao Wang, Chisato Shimizu, Emelia Bainto, Shea Hamilton, Heather R. Jackson, Diego Estrada-Rivadeneyra, Myrsini Kaforou, Michael Levin, Joan M. Pancheri, Kirsten B. Dummer, Adriana H. Tremoulet, Jane C. Burns
Summary: This study used a data-driven approach to identify four distinct clinical subgroups of Kawasaki disease patients, each with different clinical features, seasonal patterns, and incidence rates.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Esther Willems, Jolein Gloerich, Anouk Suppers, Michiel van der Flier, Lambert P. van den Heuvel, Nicole van de Kar, Ria H. L. A. Philipsen, Maurice van Dael, Myrsini Kaforou, Victoria J. Wright, Jethro A. Herberg, Federico Martinon Torres, Michael Levin, Ronald de Groot, Alain J. van Gool, Dirk J. Lefeber, Hans J. C. T. Wessels, Marien I. de Jonge
Summary: Mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis have mainly focused on differential gene or protein expression, with less emphasis on posttranslational modifications. In this study, a novel glycoproteomics approach was applied to investigate systemic proteome-wide glycosylation in response to infection. Through characterization of site-specific protein glycosylation in plasma samples from controls and patients, a glycopeptide signature was identified that could significantly differentiate between bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, machine learning algorithm-based analysis demonstrated the ability to identify the causative pathogens based on distinct host blood plasma glycopeptide signatures. These findings highlight the potential of glycoproteomics as an innovative approach to enhance the interpretation of relevant biological changes during infection.
Correction
Pediatrics
Navin P. Boeddha, Lucy Atkins, Ronald de Groot, Gertjan Driessen, Jan Hazelzet, Werner Zenz, Enitan D. Carrol, Suzanne T. Anderson, Federico Martinon-Torres, Philipp K. A. Agyeman, Rachel Galassini, Jethro Herberg, Michael Levin, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Marieke Emonts
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Correction
Pediatrics
Fabian J. S. van der Velden, Gabriella de Vries, Alexander Martin, Emma Lim, Ulrich von Both, Laura Kolberg, Enitan D. Carrol, Aakash Khanijau, Jethro A. Herberg, Tisham De, Rachel Galassini, Taco W. Kuijpers, Federico Martinon-Torres, Irene Rivero-Calle, Clementien L. Vermont, Nienke N. Hagedoorn, Marko Pokorn, Andrew J. Pollard, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Maria Tsolia, Irini Elefhteriou, Shunmay Yeung, Dace Zavadska, Colin Fink, Marie Voice, Werner Zenz, Benno Kohlmaier, Philipp K. A. Agyeman, Effua Usuf, Fatou Secka, Ronald de Groot, Michael Levin, Michiel van der Flier, Marieke Emonts
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christine T. Styles, Jie Zhou, Katie E. Flight, Jonathan C. Brown, Charlotte Lewis, Xinyu Wang, Michael Vanden Oever, Thomas P. Peacock, Ziyin Wang, Rosie Millns, John S. O'Neill, Alexander Borodavka, Joe Grove, Wendy S. Barclay, John S. Tregoning, Rachel S. Edgar
Summary: The study found that propylene glycol (PG) has strong virucidal activity against a broad range of viruses, including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and rotavirus. It can reduce disease burden in mice and efficiently prevent infection by vaporizing PG at levels tolerated by mammals. The research presents PG vapor as a non-toxic airborne virucide that can prevent the transmission of existing and emerging viral pathogens, with immediate implications for public health.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Informatics
Heather R. Jackson, Judith Zandstra, Stephanie Menikou, Melissa Shea Hamilton, Andrew J. Mcardle, Roman Fischer, Adam M. Thorne, Honglei Huang, Michael W. Tanck, Machiel H. Jansen, Tisham De, Philipp K. A. Agyeman, Ulrich Von Both, Enitan Carrol, Marieke Emonts, Irini Eleftheriou, Michiel van der Flier, Colin Fink, Jolein Gloerich, Ronald De Groot, Henriette A. Moll, Marko Pokorn, Andrew J. Pollard, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Maria N. Tsolia, Effua Usuf, Victoria J. Wright, Shunmay Yeung, Dace Zavadska, Werner Zenz, Lachlan J. M. Coin, Climent Casals-Pascual, Aubrey J. Cunnington, Federico Martinon-Torres, Jethro A. Herberg, Marien de Jonge, Michael Levin, Taco W. Kuijpers, Myrsini Kaforou
Summary: Through a multi-center study, we have identified protein biomarkers that may be developed into a blood-based point-of-care diagnostic test for rapidly distinguishing bacterial and viral infections in febrile children. This study provides a potential useful tool for improving the treatment of febrile children.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
David E. Bloom, Paolo Bonanni, Federico Martinon-Torres, Peter C. Richmond, Marco A. P. Safadi, David M. Salisbury, Apostolos Charos, Katharina Schley, Jamie Findlow, Paul Balmer
Summary: The global landscape of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with decreased incidence rates due to mitigation measures. However, some countries have experienced an increase in IMD cases and rates that may exceed pre-pandemic levels. Other concerns include vaccination coverage gaps, increased incidence of other respiratory pathogens, immunity debt, and increased variability in IMD epidemiology.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)