Article
Soil Science
Joshua Schimel, Michael N. Weintraub, Daryl Moorhead
Summary: This article discusses the partitioning of carbon between microbial biomass and CO2, known as carbon use efficiency (CUE). Traditional estimation methods focus on the physiological partitioning of specific substrates, while the alternative approach uses assays of extracellular enzymes to study how microbes shift resource use in response to substrate stoichiometry.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wojciech Jesionek, Marketa Bodlakova, Zdenek Kubat, Radim Cegan, Boris Vyskot, Jan Vrana, Jan Safar, Janka Puterova, Roman Hobza
Summary: Common sorrel is a dioecious plant with sex chromosomes, where the Y chromosome shows significant expansion of satellites and non-LTR retrotransposons compared to the X chromosome. The X and Y chromosomes have diverged in terms of repeat composition, indicating a preference for transposons to proliferate in either the paternal or maternal lineage.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy Lim, Suraj Kumar, Yee Sin Ang, Lay Kee Ang, Liang Jie Wong
Summary: This study presents a general framework for describing quantum interference processes involving different fundamental particles or quasi-particles. The framework demonstrates that shaping input wavefunctions is a versatile and powerful tool for producing and controlling quantum interference between distinguishable pathways. Two examples of quantum interference enabled by shaping are discussed, including the vanishing of the zero-loss peak by destructive interference and the quantum interference between free electron and atomic spontaneous emission processes. The findings highlight the potential of emerging quantum wave-shaping techniques in enhancing light-matter interactions and other quantum processes.
Article
Agronomy
Xiangsheng Deng, Fei Cheng, Mingman Li, Peng He, Lu Shen, Haiyu Liu
Summary: This study investigated the effect of Eucalyptus stump substrate decomposition on microbial resource limitation driving factors. The results showed that the decomposition of stump substrates led to changes in substrate quality, microbial community structure, and enzymatic stoichiometry. The study also found that nitrogen and phosphorus were critical factors in determining microbial composition.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuriy Pichugin, Arne Traulsen
Summary: Multiple modes of asexual reproduction are observed in microbial organisms, and the transition between these modes, such as from unicellularity to multicellularity, can directly affect population growth rates. Mass conservation can limit the number of possible reproduction modes, while the interplay between cell shape and growth kinetics explains the characteristics of cell size and shape, as well as the evolution of reproductive strategies in multicellular species.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kara J. Emery, Vicki J. Volbrecht, David H. Peterzell, Michael A. Webster
Summary: The coordinate frames for color and motion are often defined by three dimensions, but the organizational principles for the representation of hue and motion direction are profoundly different.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ryosuke Shirasaki, Geoffrey M. Matthews, Sara Gandolfi, Ricardo de Matos Simoes, Dennis L. Buckley, Joseline Raja Vora, Quinlan L. Sievers, Johanna B. Bruggenthies, Olga Dashevsky, Haley Poarch, Huihui Tang, Megan A. Bariteau, Michal Sheffer, Yiguo Hu, Sondra L. Downey-Kopyscinski, Paul J. Hengeveld, Brian J. Glassner, Eugen Dhimolea, Christopher J. Ott, Tinghu Zhang, Nicholas P. Kwiatkowski, Jacob P. Laubach, Robert L. Schlossman, Paul G. Richardson, Aedin C. Culhane, Richard W. J. Groen, Eric S. Fischer, Francisca Vazquez, Aviad Tsherniak, William C. Hahn, Joan Levy, Daniel Auclair, Jonathan D. Licht, Jonathan J. Keats, Lawrence H. Boise, Benjamin L. Ebert, James E. Bradner, Nathanael S. Gray, Constantine S. Mitsiades
Summary: The resistance mechanisms to degraders targeting different oncoproteins are mainly due to prevention, rather than adaptation, of the breakdown of target oncoproteins, which is possibly caused by the loss of function of the cognate E3 ligase or its interactors/regulators.
Article
Microbiology
Claudia Maturana-Martinez, Camila Fernandez, Humberto E. Gonzalez, Pierre E. Galand
Summary: The study revealed that in two Chilean Patagonian fjords, the active microbial communities showed higher diversity and stronger biogeographic patterns compared to the standing stock. Climate change could potentially alter the composition of surface microbial communities, with unique features distinct from oceanic waters.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hairong Jiang, Yuling Zhang, Ruoqi Cui, Lianhai Ren, Minglu Zhang, Yongjing Wang
Summary: The addition of core microbial agents during composting of kitchen waste effectively controlled odor emissions and reduced NH3 and H2S emissions. It also improved the maturity and germination index of the compost. Furthermore, the core microbial agents enhanced the relationship between bacteria and other indicators, thereby promoting the bio transformation of compounds.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
J. T. Marchesan, K. Moss, T. Morelli, F. R. Teles, K. Divaris, M. Styner, A. A. Ribeiro, J. Webster-Cyriaque, J. Beck
Summary: This study analyzed data from 1,450 adult participants in the ARIC study and found that men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms, while healthy individuals had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels. Additionally, individuals in different PPC classifications showed distinct microbial profiles.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruna Paulsen, Silvia Velasco, Amanda J. Kedaigle, Martina Pigoni, Giorgia Quadrato, Anthony J. Deo, Xian Adiconis, Ana Uzquiano, Rafaela Sartore, Sung Min Yang, Sean K. Simmons, Panagiotis Symvoulidis, Kwanho Kim, Kalliopi Tsafou, Archana Podury, Catherine Abbate, Ashley Tucewicz, Samantha N. Smith, Alexandre Albanese, Lindy Barrett, Neville E. Sanjana, Xi Shi, Kwanghun Chung, Kasper Lage, Edward S. Boyden, Aviv Regev, Joshua Z. Levin, Paola Arlotta
Summary: This study utilized organoid models of the human cerebral cortex to identify cell-type-specific developmental abnormalities resulting from haploinsufficiency in ASD risk genes SUV420H1, ARID1B, and CHD8. The research found asynchronous development of cortical neuronal lineages and distinct molecular pathways associated with these mutations. The study revealed shared cell-type-specific neurodevelopmental abnormalities across ASD risk genes in a manner influenced by individual genomic context.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hong-Yun Zeng, He-Nan Bao, Yi-Li Chen, Ding-Kang Chen, Kun Zhang, Shuai-Kang Liu, La Yang, Yong-Kang Li, Nan Yao
Summary: This study reveals that two classes of ceramide synthases differentially regulate EDS1/PAD4-dependent programmed cell death and immunity in Arabidopsis by subtly controlling long-chain bases and ceramides.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Krisztian Kocsis, Nikoletta Szabo, Eszter Toth, Andras Kiraly, Peter Farago, Balint Kincses, Daniel Vereb, Bence Bozsik, Katalin Boross, Melinda Katona, Peter Bodnar, Nyul Gabor Laszlo, Laszlo Vecsei, Peter Klivenyi, Krisztina Bencsik, Zsigmond Tamas Kincses
Summary: This study demonstrates that black holes can be separated into two distinct clusters based on their intensity values on various sequences, only one of which is related to clinical parameters. It emphasizes the joint role of FSPGR and SE sequences in monitoring MS patients and provides insight into the role of black holes in MS.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Sheikh Ali Ahmed, Reza Hosseinpourpia, Christian Brischke, Stergios Adamopoulos
Summary: This study examined the anatomical and performance properties of two different rattan species with varying cane diameters, showing that C. zollingeri with a 20 mm diameter displayed the highest density, hydrophobicity, and durability.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Fengting Qu, Hanpeng Cheng, Ziyi Han, Zimin Wei, Caihong Song
Summary: The study aimed to understand the factors influencing the abundance of lignocellulose degrading enzyme genes during rice straw composting. Two strains, b4 (Bacillus subtilis) and z1 (Aspergillus fumigatus), were inoculated and three composting groups were established. Inoculation increased the abundance of lignocellulose degrading enzyme genes, promoting lignocellulose decomposition. Modular microorganisms, including Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes, were identified as driving factors influencing gene abundance. pH, organic matter, and soluble sugar content affected gene abundance by influencing the modular microorganisms. A potential priming effect was suggested based on these driving factors. This study provides theoretical guidance for enhancing lignocellulose degradation by regulating the abundance of lignocellulose degrading enzyme genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)