Effect of cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate on some human cancer cell lines

The present study investigates the anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing mechanism of CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O in PC-3 cancer cell line. Preliminary, three different forms of cobalt i.e., cobaltous (CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O), macro-Co(II, III) oxide and nano-Co(II, III) oxide were screened for antiproliferative activity in PC-3 cell line. The CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O being the most effective antiproliferative agent, hence it was further tested against lung (A549), prostrate (PC-3) and brain (IMR-32) cell lines. Human embryonic kidney cell line (293T) was used as a normal cell line to compare the toxicity of CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O. The CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O induced morphological and anatomical changes in PC-3 cancer cell which were studied using light, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The lactate dehydrogenase was estimated which showed mild necrotic mode of cell death. The Annexin/PI staining confirmed the apoptotic mode of cell death in PC-3 cells. Further, production of reaction of reactive oxygen species and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential was also assessed spectrofluorimetrically. The cell cycle arrest was also investigated using flow cytometery. Finally, the caspase activity was estimated in CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O treated PC-3 cancer cell line. Interestingly, it was found that CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O induces more cell death in cancerous cells as compared to normal non-cancerous cells. These findings presented CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O as potential antiproliferative agent.