Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carl Randall Harrell, Valentin Djonov, Vladislav Volarevic
Summary: MSCs are multipotent stem cells that can enhance tissue repair and regeneration by regulating immune cell function, promoting new blood vessel formation, and modulating phenotype and function of immune cells. This review article summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Gloria Orlando, Barbara Molon, Antonella Viola, Mauro Alaibac, Roberta Angioni, Stefano Piaserico
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with various comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Current research focuses on the pathways linking psoriatic plaques to the cardiovascular system, as well as the potential involvement of endothelial cells in this process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pathology
Alireza Nouralishahi, Navid Fazlinejad, Renzon Daniel Cosme Pecho, Haider Kamil Zaidan, Hadis Kheradjoo, Ali H. Amin, Saman Mohammadzadehsaliani
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are considered a potential new treatment option in ophthalmology due to their unique capacity for differentiation and immunosuppressive properties. MSCs alter the phenotype and action of immune cells involved in the progression of eye inflammation through cell-to-cell contact and releasing immunomodulatory factors. Exosomes from MSCs, as natural nanoparticles, have the potential to effectively target epithelial and immune cells without interfering with nearby cells, making them a promising treatment for inflammatory eye diseases.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Agnieszka Arthur, Stan Gronthos
Summary: Skeletal integrity is maintained through a tightly regulated bone remodeling process involving interactions between different cellular systems within the bone microenvironment. Disruption of these dynamic interactions can lead to poor bone health and an increased susceptibility to skeletal diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Claudia Dompe, Magdalena Kulus, Katarzyna Stefanska, Wieslawa Kranc, Blazej Chermula, Rut Bryl, Wojciech Pienkowski, Mariusz J. Nawrocki, James N. Petitte, Boguslawa Stelmach, Paul Mozdziak, Michal Jeseta, Leszek Pawelczyk, Jedrzej M. Jaskowski, Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty, Robert Z. Spaczynski, Michal Nowicki, Bartosz Kempisty
Summary: The ovarian follicle is the basic functional unit of the ovary, consisting of theca cells and granulosa cells. Granulosa cells can be further divided into mural granulosa cells and cumulus cells, each playing different roles during folliculogenesis. Both types of cells exhibit stem-like properties and are influenced by various miRNAs, which may contribute to female fertility issues such as PCOS or POI. Further research on the cellular features and molecular pathways of granulosa and cumulus cells could lead to new strategies in enhancing assisted reproductive techniques.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Mingxiong Chen, Xiaoniao Chen, Xiaoqi Li, Junyi Wang, Jie Wu, Qun Wang, Yifei Huang, Zongjin Li, Liqiang Wang
Summary: Subconjunctival injection of human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hP-MSCs) can protect ocular tissues from damage caused by corneal alkali burns. It reduces inflammation, apoptosis, and promotes corneal repair.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Di Somma, Fabiana Napolitano, Giuseppe Portella, Anna Maria Malfitano
Summary: This study focuses on the interaction between macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as macrophages and fibroblasts, in the tumor microenvironment. The cell-cell interactions and secreted mediators will be examined to explain the pro/anti-tumor phenotypes induced in macrophages. Additionally, the response of macrophages to oncolytic virus treatment will be analyzed in terms of polarization status and their pro/anti-tumor response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
June Seok Heo
Summary: MSC-derived exosomes have been found to have anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and wound-repair effects in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Selenium-stimulated exosomes showed superior wound healing capacity, highlighting the potential of selenium as a vital agent for wound healing in stem cell-based cell-free therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henning Morawietz, Heike Brendel, Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho, Rusan Catar, Nikolaos Perakakis, Christian Wolfrum, Stefan R. Bornstein
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. NADPH oxidases play a crucial role in reactive oxygen species generation in the cardiovascular system and metabolically active cells and organs. Imbalance between reactive oxygen species formation and antioxidative capacity contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, with inflammation as a major mechanism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and COVID-19 infections also exhibit increased oxidative stress and inflammation, further increasing the risk of severe clinical complications in individuals with cardiometabolic diseases. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 infections, and potential therapeutic strategies.
Review
Cell Biology
Moein Ala
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. They attenuate various detrimental effects after myocardial infarction (MI) and improve cardiac function. MSC-derived exosomes also show promising effects in MI treatment. However, there are still modifiable factors that need to be optimized, such as timing and route of administration, as well as MSC pretreatment approaches. Future clinical trials should consider these advances to accurately assess the efficacy of MSCs or their exosomes for MI.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Xiao-Xiao Guo, Qi Pu, Jing-Jie Hu, Xue-Jiao Chang, Ao-Ling Li, Xin-Yu Li
Summary: In recent decades, various forms of regulated cell death, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis, have been discovered. Regulated necrosis is characterized by amplified inflammatory responses that lead to cell death, making it a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. This review discusses the cellular morphological features and molecular mechanisms of regulated necrosis, as well as highlights the potential role of ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, keratitis, and cornea alkali burn as targets for prevention and treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Lina Moallemi Rad, Alexey Yumashev, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Hazha Hadayat Jamad, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Mohammad Taheri, Samaneh Rostami, Vahid Niazi, Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-DEs) have therapeutic potential in ocular diseases by promoting eye injury repair and immune modulation.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rafael Andre da Silva, Vinicius Moraes de Paiva Roda, Luiz Philipe de Souza Ferreira, Sonia M. Oliani, Ana Paula Girol, Cristiane D. Gil
Summary: Annexins, Ca2+/phospholipid-binding proteins, play important roles in various eye diseases, but their exact functions and expressed cell types in the eye are not well understood. AnxAs serve as important targets in ocular tissue homeostasis, particularly in infectious, autoimmune, degenerative, fibrotic, and angiogenic conditions.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baoqiang Guo, Xenia Sawkulycz, Nima Heidari, Ralph Rogers, Donghui Liu, Mark Slevin
Summary: The study of MFAT demonstrates that micro-fragmented adipose tissue from different samples can induce the formation of mesenchymal stem cells. The secretions of cytokines from MFAT samples have effects including anti-inflammatory, pro-regeneration, anti-scarring, pro-angiogenesis, and anti-bacterial properties. MFAT in different samples show varying effects on angiogenesis and inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Lydia J. Beeken, Darren S. J. Ting, Laura E. Sidney
Summary: Ocular surface inflammatory disorders are highly prevalent, heterogeneous diseases with a common factor of corneal inflammation. Current medications have limitations, and regenerative medicine cell therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, show promise but require further investigation for successful clinical translation.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)