Article
Chemistry, Physical
Francesca Migliorini, Silvia Belmuso, D. Ciniglia, Roberto Donde, Silvana De Iuliis
Summary: In this work, cooled carbon nanoparticles were investigated to gain knowledge of their properties. A modified Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) approach was employed to conduct a double pulse experiment. The effects of different laser fluences on the nanoparticles were studied by irradiating them before the conventional LII measurements. The investigation focused on comparing the effects of irradiation on young and mature particles sampled from a premixed ethylene/air flame at two heights. Two-color LII measurements were performed on pristine and irradiated nanoparticles, with varying LII laser fluence, to study the effects on incandescence signal, temperature, and concentration. The study isolated two phenomena: a significant increase in apparent particle volume fraction with applied laser fluence, and a noticeable increase in LII signal depending on the laser irradiation fluence applied prior to LII. These effects were found to be stronger for young carbon nanoparticles compared to mature ones. The investigation aimed to understand the phenomena occurring under laser irradiation and suggest a possible role of the electrical properties of the particles.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yeonjoon Kim, Brian D. Etz, Gina M. Fioroni, Cameron K. Hays, Peter C. St. John, Richard A. Messerly, Shubham Vyas, Brian P. Beekley, Facheng Guo, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Robert L. McCormick, Seonah Kim
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between chemical structure and soot precursor formation of oxygenated aromatic compounds (OACs), revealing a linear correlation between standard enthalpy of formation of radicals and sooting index. Ortho substitution was found to reduce sooting tendency, as shown in experiments with 2-ethylphenol and 3-ethylphenol. These results inform the selection of potential biomass-derived fuel blendstocks with favorable sooting tendencies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Brian D. Etz, Gina M. Fioroni, Richard A. Messerly, Mohammad J. Rahimi, Peter C. St. John, David J. Robichaud, Earl D. Christensen, Brian P. Beekley, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Yuan Xuan, Shubham Vyas, Robert S. Paton, Robert L. McCormick, Seonah Kim
Summary: Oxygenated aromatic compounds (OACs) tend to have lower Yield Sooting Index (YSI) than aromatic hydrocarbon (AHC) compounds, but the proximity of oxygen functionality to the aromatic ring determines the reaction pathways and influences the observed difference in soot formation for structural isomers like 1-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethanol.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jialong Zhu, Zhong Wang, Ruina Li
Summary: By adding biodiesel to diesel, the microstructure characteristics of soot were studied. The addition of biodiesel reduced the delay of ignition and advanced the peak time of soot generation. The particulate matter in soot underwent a deep internal and external oxidation process.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
B. Tian, A. X. Liu, C. T. Chong, L. Fan, S. Ni, J. -H. Ng, S. Rigopoulos, K. H. Luo, S. Hochgreb
Summary: The study reveals that blending biodiesel with diesel can reduce soot emissions and inhibit the growth of soot particles. Using discretised population balance modelling, it is shown that adding biodiesel can decrease both the soot volume fraction and primary particle size. However, it is challenging to pinpoint the exact factors responsible for this reduction solely through comparison analysis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Felipe Escudero, Juan J. Cruz, Ignacio Verdugo, Nicolas Gutierrez, Fengshan Liu, Jerome Yon, Andres Fuentes
Summary: The auto-compensating laser-induced incandescence (AC-LII) technique is commonly used to measure soot volume fraction (fv) in flames. This study proposes a correction to the AC-LII measured fv based on the soot maturity coefficient β and absorption function E(m,λ) in a laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flame. The corrected AC-LII results are in good agreement with those measured by MW-LOSA/EMI. Rating: 9 points
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenjun Zhong, Qilong Xiang, Tamilselvan Pachiannan, Nasreldin M. Mahmoud, Bei Li, Zhixia He, Qian Wang, Jianbing Sun
Summary: Gasoline compression ignition engine offers high thermal efficiency and low emissions, but faces ignition difficulty and knocking combustion limitations. Increasing gasoline ratio reduces in-flame soot mass and combustion duration, while higher hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel ratio increases total soot particle emission. The concentration of particle size is mainly influenced by blend ratio of hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel and injection strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Tiemin Xuan, Zhongcheng Sun, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy, Yonggang Mi, Wenjun Zhong, Zhixia He, Qian Wang, Jianbing Sun, Hesham M. El-Batsh, Jiawei Cao
Summary: The study investigates the spray and flame characteristics of methanol and HCB blended fuels, showing an increase in liquid length with higher methanol content and a decrease in in-flame soot production with additional methanol due to leaner fuel combustion and higher oxygen content within the blends.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Julie Schobing, Alain Brillard, Gontrand Leyssens
Summary: Oxidation experiments were conducted to simulate the oxidation of biodiesel soot in a catalyzed diesel particulate filter. The results showed that the size of carbon particles and the contact between carbon and catalyst influenced the reactivity. Water and sodium also had an impact on the catalyst efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuanqi Bai, Ying Wang, Xiaochen Wang
Summary: A compact skeletal mechanism representing biodiesel fuel was developed using a four-component model and decoupling methodology including PAH mechanism. The mechanism was extensively validated against various combustion experiments and utilized for accurate simulation of diesel engine combustion characteristics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Zare, Edmund Pickering, Yi Guo, Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu, Svetlana Stevanovic, Richard Brown, Zoran Ristovski
Summary: This study investigates the morphology and nanostructure of soot particles during cold-start and hot-start engine operation of a diesel engine using oxygenated fuels. The results show that the primary particles during cold-start have significantly smaller size and more compact structure when compared to hot-start engine operation. The addition of oxygenated fuels also results in smaller sized primary particles.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xinchang Zhu, Shuai Liu, Zhong Wang, Qixia Zhang, Haitao Liu
Summary: When burning mixed fuel of methanol and biodiesel, the chemical composition and oxidation activity of emitted soot matter changes. As the methanol mixing ratio increases, the mass concentration of organic carbon and certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increase, while the mass concentration of elemental carbon and high molecular weight PAHs decrease. The activation energy decreases and oxidation activity increases. This research provides a reference for optimizing diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in terms of coating design and regeneration strategy.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhihao Xing, Cheng Chen, Xi Jiang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism of co-pyrolysis of ammonia and biodiesel surrogates, including the pyrolysis of different biodiesel surrogates, the effect of biodiesel decomposition on ammonia reactions, nitric oxide (NO) generation during the ammonia-biodiesel reaction process, and the effect of ammonia on soot formation during biodiesel pyrolysis. The results revealed that the presence of ester groups in biodiesel lowers the activation energy of the reaction compared to alkanes. The coexistence of biodiesel and ammonia can promote the decomposition of ammonia and reduce soot production in the pyrolysis of different biodiesel surrogates.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jiangjun Wei, Yuncheng Wang
Summary: The review explores the impact of biodiesel on the physicochemical properties of soot particles from diesel engines, as well as the influence of engine operating conditions on characteristics of soot particles generated by biodiesel-fueled engines. The relationships between soot physicochemical characteristics and soot oxidative reactivity are also examined in this study.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Optics
Shinya Sawada, Daisuke Okada, Kazuki Tainaka, Noriaki Nakatsuka, Tsukasa Hori, Jun Hayashi, Fumiteru Akamatsu
Summary: The flame structure of a single coal particle was investigated by simultaneous imaging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, and the flame zone. It was found that the volatile flame of a single pulverized coal particle has a structure similar to a diffusion flame, with the size of soot particles increasing and the soot number density decreasing from the interior to the exterior.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Brian D. Etz, Gina M. Fioroni, Richard A. Messerly, Mohammad J. Rahimi, Peter C. St. John, David J. Robichaud, Earl D. Christensen, Brian P. Beekley, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Yuan Xuan, Shubham Vyas, Robert S. Paton, Robert L. McCormick, Seonah Kim
Summary: Oxygenated aromatic compounds (OACs) tend to have lower Yield Sooting Index (YSI) than aromatic hydrocarbon (AHC) compounds, but the proximity of oxygen functionality to the aromatic ring determines the reaction pathways and influences the observed difference in soot formation for structural isomers like 1-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethanol.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Matthew J. Montgomery, Hyunguk Kwon, Jochen A. H. Dreyer, Yuan Xuan, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle
Summary: The study found that co-firing NH3 with hydrocarbons can significantly suppress soot formation, with soot concentrations reduced by over 10 times with the addition of NH3. Experimental results showed that NH3 co-firing with CH4 can suppress C2H(2) and C6H6, indicating the need for further improvement in the understanding of fuel-nitrogen interactions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Travis Kessler, Peter C. St. John, Junqing Zhu, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, J. Hunter Mack
Summary: Researchers use predictive models to predict sooting propensity, with artificial neural networks slightly outperforming graph neural networks and greatly outperforming multivariate equations. However, the latter two provide more interpretability. Experimental measurements show that previously untested compounds produce significantly less soot compared to diesel fuel.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yeonjoon Kim, Brian D. Etz, Gina M. Fioroni, Cameron K. Hays, Peter C. St. John, Richard A. Messerly, Shubham Vyas, Brian P. Beekley, Facheng Guo, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Robert L. McCormick, Seonah Kim
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between chemical structure and soot precursor formation of oxygenated aromatic compounds (OACs), revealing a linear correlation between standard enthalpy of formation of radicals and sooting index. Ortho substitution was found to reduce sooting tendency, as shown in experiments with 2-ethylphenol and 3-ethylphenol. These results inform the selection of potential biomass-derived fuel blendstocks with favorable sooting tendencies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Matthew J. Montgomery, Junqing Zhu, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Charles S. McEnally
Summary: Research on the influence of fuel-nitrogen on soot formation is relatively scarce compared to regular hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Sooting tendencies of 14 C4 and C6 amines were measured, showing that amines have lower sooting tendencies than structurally analogous hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The relationship between sooting propensity and chemical structure of the amines indicates a complex nature of soot formation, highlighting an unexplored area of combustion chemistry for further studies.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nabila A. Huq, Glenn R. Hafenstine, Xiangchen Huo, Hannah Nguyen, Stephen M. Tifft, Davis R. Conklin, Daniela Stuck, Jim Stunkel, Zhibin Yang, Joshua S. Heyne, Matthew R. Wiatrowski, Yimin Zhang, Ling Tao, Junqing Zhu, Charles S. McEnally, Earl D. Christensen, Cameron Hays, Kurt M. Van Allsburg, Kinga A. Unocic, Harry M. Meyer, Zia Abdullah, Derek R. Vardon
Summary: The paper evaluates the catalytic conversion of food waste-derived VFAs to produce n-paraffin SAF for near-term use as a 10 vol% blend for ASTM Fast Track qualification and produce a highly branched, isoparaffin VFA-SAF to increase the renewable blend limit. VFA ketonization models assessed the carbon chain length distributions suitable for each VFA-SAF conversion pathway, and food waste-derived VFA ketonization was demonstrated for >100 h of time on stream at approximately theoretical yield. Fuel property blending models and experimental testing determined normal paraffin VFA-SAF meets 10 vol% fuel specifications for Fast Track. Synergistic blending with isoparaffin VFA-SAF increased the blend limit to 70 vol% by addressing flashpoint and viscosity constraints, with sooting 34% lower than fossil jet. Techno-economic analysis evaluated the major catalytic process cost-drivers, determining the minimum fuel selling price as a function of VFA production costs. Life cycle analysis determined that if food waste is diverted from landfills to avoid methane emissions, VFA-SAF could enable up to 165% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to fossil jet.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Vanessa Lebarbier Dagle, Martin Affandy, Johnny Saavedra Lopez, Lelia Cosimbescu, Daniel J. Gaspar, S. Scott Goldsborough, Toby Rockstroh, Song Cheng, Taehoon Han, Christopher P. Kolodziej, Alexander Hoth, Sreshtha Sinha Majumdar, Josh A. Pihl, Teresa L. Alleman, Cameron Hays, Charles S. McEnally, Junqing Zhu, Lisa D. Pfefferle
Summary: The research identified a dimethyl-hexenes rich olefins mixture (DMHROM) as a preferred bioblendstock for SI/ACI combustion engines, with potential for improving gasoline fuel performance. The production, testing, and measurements conducted validated the suitability of DMHROM for enhancing engine efficiency and fuel economy while meeting emissions regulations and ASTM specifications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew J. Montgomery, Hyunguk Kwon, Alan L. Kastengren, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Travis Sikes, Robert S. Tranter, Yuan Xuan, Charles S. McEnally
Summary: Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence is a useful tool for measuring temperatures in optically dense gases, especially in complex systems where physical and chemical processes are closely connected. The experiments provide benchmark data for evaluating computational fluid dynamics models and also identify potential sources of uncertainties in the measurements, allowing for future improvements.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Stephen P. Lucas, Fan Liang Chan, Gina M. Fioroni, Thomas D. Foust, Alayna Gilbert, Jon Luecke, Charles S. McEnally, Justine John A. Serdoncillo, Andrew J. Zdanowicz, Junqing Zhu, Bret Windom
Summary: Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) are studied as potential additives or replacements for diesel fuels. The research explores the synthesis and characterization of different OMEs with varying alkyl groups and evaluates their properties and compatibility with diesel. The results indicate that extending the alkyl end group improves compatibility and stability of OMEs with diesel.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martha A. Arellano-Trevin, Teresa L. Alleman, Rebecca Brim, Anh T. To, Junqing Zhu, Charles S. McEnally, Cameron Hays, Jon Luecke, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Thomas D. Foust, Daniel A. Ruddy
Summary: Methyl-terminated polyoxymethylene ethers (MM-POMEs) are oxygenates with desirable diesel-like fuel properties. However, their low energy density and high water-solubility have limited their adoption. By synthesizing a mixture called B*POME1-6, which maintained the advantageous properties of MM-POMEs and had improved energy density and reduced water solubility, these concerns were addressed. The B*POME1-6 blend with a base diesel fuel showed improved oxidation stability, cetane number, sooting tendency, lubricity, and conductivity, while meeting other requirements. Evaluation of the component molecules of B*POME1-6 suggested that they have a greater tendency to partition into water but with a lower tendency to bioaccumulate compared to a common diesel surrogate.
Article
Thermodynamics
Junqing Zhu, Juan V. Alegre-Requena, Patrick Cherry, Dominic Curtis, Mohammed A. Jabed, Seonah Kim, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Josanne-Dee Woodroffe
Summary: This study measured the sooting tendencies of terpenes and their derivatives and found that the hydrogenated compounds have lower sooting tendencies, offering benefits in reducing soot.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Colin Banyon, Matthew J. Montgomery, Hyunguk Kwon, Alan L. Kastengren, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Travis Sikes, Yuan Xuan, Charles S. McEnally, Robert S. Tranter
Summary: This study presents high-fidelity temperature field measurements of heavily-sooting ethylene/air flames using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements. The challenges faced by conventional optical diagnostics have been overcome by implementing the XRF method with a fluorescent agent. The results demonstrate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this method in accurately interpreting the experimental signals.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Eric Monroe, Joseph S. Carlson, Rakia Dhaoui, Mysha Sarwar, Pahola Thathiana Benavides, Junqing Zhu, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa Pfefferle, Anthe George, Nicholas Sizemore, Ryan W. Davis
Summary: In order to reduce carbon emissions, the production of new renewable ground transportation fuels is needed, utilizing abundant sources of biomass and carbon-efficient bioprocessing. These fuels are especially suitable for medium- to heavy-duty engine architectures supporting long-range transportation. By chemically upgrading central metabolism-derived intermediates such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, and 4-hydroxybutyrate with various fermentation-derived alcohols, compounds with performance similar to petroleum diesel can be obtained.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yensil Park, Melanie Moses-DeBusk, Tommy Powell, James Szybist, Zhanhong Xiang, Junqing Zhu, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle
Summary: The U.S. Department of Energy's Co-Optima initiative focuses on improving fuel economy, vehicle performance, and reducing emissions through the development of sustainable fuels and advanced combustion strategies. This study investigates the impact of different fuel properties on emissions from advanced compression ignition (ACI) and spark-ignited (SI) combustion strategies operating on the same fuels. The results show that fuel properties have a greater impact on soot PM and particle number emissions, while phasing has a greater impact on NOx emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jaeyoung Cho, Yeonjoon Kim, Brian D. Etz, Gina M. Fioroni, Nimal Naser, Junqing Zhu, Zhanhong Xiang, Cameron Hays, Juan V. Alegre-Requena, Peter C. St John, Bradley T. Zigler, Charles S. McEnally, Lisa D. Pfefferle, Robert L. McCormick, Seonah Kim
Summary: This study investigates the effects of structural factors on the emission and reactivity of ether compounds and develops a multivariate regression model for the design of low-emission and high-reactivity ether fuels. Experimental measurements confirm the potential of ethers with high cetane number and low sooting index as biodiesel candidates.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yifan Yang, Haodong Zhang, Linye Li, Mingming Gu, Xi Xia, Fei Qi
Summary: This paper investigates the formation of a blue whirl by controlling tangential and radial airflows. By using a unique fire whirl apparatus, the blue whirl can be formed directly upon ignition without going through the transient phase. The study also discovers new flame regimes and explores the mechanism behind the formation and transition of the blue whirl.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaobin Qi, Songyan Gao, Zhiping Zhu, Qinggang Lyu, Haixia Zhang
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the propagation characteristics of reverse combustion under oxygen-limited and enriched conditions. The contribution of volatiles gas-phase oxidation and char surface oxidation to reverse combustion was evaluated. The results showed that oxygen enrichment expanded the operating range of oxygen flow rate for reverse combustion and enhanced the low-temperature oxidation of the solid fuel. The findings provide a better understanding of the driving mechanism of reverse combustion and have important implications for efficient thermal conversion of solid fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bingjie Chen, Peng Liu, Bingzhi Liu, Zhandong Wang, Xiang Gao, William L. Roberts
Summary: In this study, the low temperature oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was investigated using experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed the presence of toxic oxygenated aromatic compounds and proposed potential formation pathways. The numerical simulations accurately predicted the mole fractions of most compounds, but some compounds were missing.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Meng Sui, Zhiheng Zhu, Fashe Li, Hua Wang
Summary: The effect of adding ferrocene as a combustion catalyst to Jatropha biodiesel on its pyrolysis and combustion performance is investigated. The results show that adding ferrocene reduces activation energy and harmful emissions while improving combustion efficiency.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Manaf Sheyyab, Mohammed Abdulrahman, Subharaj Hossain, Patrick T. Lynch, Eric K. Mayhew, Kenneth Brezinsky
Summary: Fuel surrogates, simplified representations of complex fuels, accurately model speciation results and reaction kinetics, reproduce the ignition quality and chemical functional group compositions of their parent fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yan Wang, Shumeng Xie, Hannes Bottler, Yiqing Wang, Xinyi Chen, Arne Scholtissek, Christian Hasse, Zheng Chen
Summary: This study investigates how flow affects the ignition and transition process of a cool flame. The results show that the ignition energy determines the highest temperature and the strain rate influences the flame propagation and the transition from cool flame to hot flame.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tanusree Chatterjee, Mengyuan Wang, Goutham Kukkadapu, Chih-Jen Sung, William J. Pitz
Summary: Cycloalkanes, including cyclohexane, are important hydrocarbons in transportation fuels. However, limited oxidation data at low-to-intermediate temperatures and inadequate predictive ability of kinetic models have hindered the understanding and improvement of cyclohexane oxidation. This study provides experimental and modeling results to develop a more accurate kinetic model for cyclohexane oxidation.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tao Wu, Erik Hagen, Haiyang Wang, Dylan J. Kline, Michael R. Zachariah, Carole Rossi
Summary: It was found that incorporating CuO into Al/I2O5 can significantly reduce the ignition time and enhance the combustion performance. The optimum composition of 80/20 wt% of I2O5/CuO shows a 30 times shorter ignition time and produces a peak pressure and pressurization rate 4 and 26 times greater than traditional Al/I2O5. A series of characterizations helped unravel the cause of improvement and propose a reaction mechanism for this ternary Al/I2O5/CuO system. This study proposes a facile, inexpensive, and efficient way to enhance the combustion performance of Al/I2O5 biocidal nanoenergetic materials.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahmoud Gadalla, Shervin Karimkashi, Islam Kabil, Ossi Kaario, Tianfeng Lu, Ville Vuorinen
Summary: In this study, the flame initiation process in dual-fuel spray assisted combustion is explored through scale-resolved simulations, providing numerical evidence on the initiation of premixed flames. It is found that there is a transient mixed-mode combustion phase after ignition, followed by a primarily deflagrative combustion mode. The interactions between turbulence and premixed flame front are characterized in the corrugated regime.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Neeraj Kumar Pradhan, Arindrajit Chowdhury, Debasis Chakraborty, Neeraj Kumbhakarna
Summary: In this study, a modified model for predicting the burn rate of composite solid propellants is proposed. The model has been validated against experimental and theoretical results, and it outperforms existing models in all cases considered. The model is highly robust and provides results quickly, making it highly efficient in terms of time, effort, and computational resources.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lili Ye, Zhihe Zhang, Fan Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Yiming Lu, Lei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis mechanism of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) explosive using ab initio and kinetic modeling simulations. The results showed that N-NO2 bond fission and C-H beta-scission are important channels in the decomposition of HMX.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Hsuchew Lee, Peng Dai, Minping Wan, Vladimir A. Sabelnikov
Summary: This study investigates the importance of thermodiffusive and hydrodynamic instabilities of laminar flames in turbulent flows through numerical simulations. The analysis suggests that laminar flame instabilities play a minor role at sufficiently high Karlovitz numbers.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shijie Xu, Yue Qiu, Leilei Xu, Jianqing Huang, Shen Li, Elna J. K. Nilsson, Zhongshan Li, Weiwei Cai, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai
Summary: Metal powder is a promising carbon-free and recyclable energy carrier. In this study, a computational model for the combustion and phase change of micron-sized iron particles was proposed and validated. The model successfully captures the melting, surface reactions, cooling, and solidification processes. The study also reveals a two-stage solidification phenomenon and identifies a diffusion-controlled mechanism during the melting process. The reaction between iron and CH4/O2/N2 flame products is found to play a significant role in the iron combustion process.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Khalid Aljohani, Abd El-Sabor Mohamed, Haitao Lu, Henry J. Curran, S. Mani Sarathy, Aamir Farooq
Summary: This study investigates the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and NOx on the ignition delay time of oxygenated gasoline. A gasoline surrogate model is developed and the experimental data are useful for predicting fuel ignition behavior in internal combustion engines. The results show that EGR inhibits gasoline reactivity, while NOx has a promoting effect at high temperatures. This research is important for understanding the combustion behavior of gasoline in engines.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chengcheng Ao, Jia Yan, Tong Yan, Lidong Zhang, Pan Wang
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ammonia blended with hydrocarbon fuels on soot formation. The results show that there is a chemical interaction between ammonia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), blocking the formation of larger PAHs.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)