Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruiqing Li, Wenyin Zheng, Meng Jiang, Huali Zhang
Summary: The review summarizes the regulatory signaling pathways of leaf starch biosynthesis, focuses on how transcription factors systematically respond to stimuli through enzyme regulation during starch biosynthesis, and proposes strategies to improve cereal yield and quality based on previous reports.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rongqi Wang, Yulong Ren, Haigang Yan, Xuan Teng, Xiaopin Zhu, Yupeng Wang, Xin Zhang, Xiuping Guo, Qibing Lin, Zhijun Cheng, Cailin Lei, Jiulin Wang, Ling Jiang, Yihua Wang, Jianmin Wan
Summary: The rice floury mutant esg1 has decreased starch content, altered starch physicochemical properties, and larger starch grain size, mainly due to an increased number of starch granules per grain. The ESG1 gene encodes a protein affecting starch grain development and biosynthesis in rice.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuehan Pang, Yaqi Hu, Jinsong Bao
Summary: High-temperature stress affects rice grain quality by regulating protein phosphorylation, leading to changes in starch metabolism. Specific phosphorylated enzymes play key roles in amylopectin biosynthesis in response to high-temperature stress. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying grain quality development under high-temperature stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiajing Qiu, Yinhui Ren, Lingxiao Zhao, Biao Zhang, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The morphology, size and quantity of cells, starch granules and protein bodies in seeds play a crucial role in determining seed weight and quality, showing significant variation among different regions of the seed. The method of whole-seed-sized resin sectioning provides a clear and accurate way to quantitatively analyze the morphology parameters of cells, starch granules, and protein bodies in seeds of different stages and types.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Guochao Zhao, Shuifeng Xie, Shipeng Zong, Tong Wang, Chanjuan Mao, Jianxin Shi, Jianyue Li
Summary: This study cloned and characterized a novel C2H2 zinc finger protein TL1 that plays a positive role in regulating amylose synthesis in rice grains, thus improving the eating and cooking quality of rice. Loss of TL1 function resulted in reduced amylose content but increased viscosity and total lipid content in rice. In addition, the ratio of amylopectin A chains with a degree of polymerization (DP) 6-12 to B chains with DP 13-24 was altered, leading to enhanced grain quality. Knockout of TL1 in a high-yielding rice variety had no noticeable side effects on major agronomic traits.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yue Cai, Haiyuan Chen, Ning Xiao, Yunyu Wu, Ling Yu, Zichun Chen, Jianju Liu, Wei Shi, Cunhong Pan, Yuhong Li, Changhai Zhou, Hongjuan Ji, Niansheng Huang, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Yunhui Zhang, Aihong Li
Summary: In this study, a novel mutant c134 with enlarged starch granules and amyloplasts in rice endosperm cells was identified. Reduced starch and amylose content, as well as down-regulated expression of genes involved in starch biosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis, were observed in the c134 mutant. Amino acid substitution in the SSG4 protein was found to be responsible for the altered starch and lipid metabolism and amyloplast development. This finding provides valuable insights for genetic improvement of rice grain quality in future starch and lipid breeding and biotechnology.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Long Zhang, Ran You, Hualan Chen, Jun Zhu, Lingshang Lin, Cunxu Wei
Summary: The rice floury endosperm mutant M10 was identified and characterized, showing decreased total starch content and increased soluble sugar content. The mutated AGPL2 gene on chromosome 1 was found to be responsible for the floury endosperm phenotype. The AGPL2 mutation led to higher transcriptional and protein levels and a positive feedback regulation in M10. Overall, AGPL2 plays a critical role in starch synthesis and the MutMap method is effective for identifying floury endosperm mutant genes in rice.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Su-Kui Jin, Li-Na Xu, Yu-Jia Leng, Ming-Qiu Zhang, Qing-Qing Yang, Shui-Lian Wang, Shu-Wen Jia, Tao Song, Ruo-An Wang, Tao Tao, Qiao-Quan Liu, Xiu-Ling Cai, Ji-Ping Gao
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified a NAC transcription factor, OsNAC24, that regulates starch synthesis in rice. Through analysis of osnac24 mutants, it was found that OsNAC24 regulates starch synthesis by modulating the mRNA and protein levels of OsGBSSI and OsSBEI. Additionally, OsNAC24 interacts with another NAC transcription factor, OsNAP, to coactivate the expression of target genes. These findings highlight the important role of the OsNAC24-OsNAP complex in fine-tuning starch synthesis in rice endosperm.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Agronomy
Naoko Fujita, Satoko Miura, Naoko Crofts
Summary: This review summarizes recent discoveries in rice starch research, including the expression patterns and variations of starch biosynthetic genes, the functions of individual isozymes, and the complementary effects of starch enzymes. The research findings are important for breeding new rice cultivars.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoko Crofts, Yoshiki Satoh, Satoko Miura, Yuko Hosaka, Misato Abe, Naoko Fujita
Summary: The introduction of higher SSIIa activity effectively restores crystallinity, starch granule structure, and production of plump seeds in the mild-type sug-1 mutant. Crossbreeding resulted in the generation of new rice lines with improved amylopectin-like glucan accumulation and A-type crystallinity, complementing the wrinkled seed phenotype typical of the original isa1 mutation.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Peter James Icalia Gann, Dominic Dharwadker, Sajedeh Rezaei Cherati, Kari Vinzant, Mariya Khodakovskaya, Vibha Srivastava
Summary: This study demonstrates a biotechnology approach to reduce grain chalkiness in rice by suppressing the transcriptional activity of V-PPase gene, resulting in reduced chalk content and the development of more translucent grains. The suppression effect is more pronounced under heat stress. Metabolomic analysis reveals that pathways related to starch and sugar metabolism are affected in the targeted rice lines, with upregulation of starch biosynthesis genes. This method shows promise in reducing grain chalkiness in rice.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuanyuan Hao, Fudeng Huang, Zhennan Gao, Junfeng Xu, Ying Zhu, Chunshou Li
Summary: This study analyzed eight mutants with different degrees of floury endosperm generated through EMS mutagenesis. The z2 mutant exhibited significantly increased RVA indexes and urea swelling, while the z4 mutant displayed significantly decreased RVA indexes and urea swelling. These mutants have significant importance for the study of rice eating quality.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu Zhang, Jiajia Zhao, Yaqi Hu, Yanni Zhang, Yining Ying, Feifei Xu, Jinsong Bao
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different allele combinations of FLO2, Wx, and SSIIa genes on the cooking and eating quality (CEQ) of rice using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The results showed that these genes play important roles in regulating the CEQ of rice and provide new insights for rice-quality improvement through marker-assisted selection.
Article
Agronomy
Satoko Miura, Maiko Narita, Naoko Crofts, Yuki Itoh, Yuko Hosaka, Naoko F. Oitome, Misato Abe, Rika Takahashi, Naoko Fujita
Summary: The study showed that backcrossing high RS rice lines with elite rice cultivars can increase seed weight without compromising RS content. The introduced genetic loci may enhance seed length and width, and promote early flowering for optimal temperature during RS biosynthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mengting Ma, Zekun Xu, Xiaojing Chen, Chuangchuang Zhang, Ziyi Liu, Dennis Cantre, Haitao Li, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Using incomplete gelatinization, the formation mechanism of inner and outer granules in rice starch was studied. It was found that inner blocklets are mostly composed of shorter branched-chain amylopectin and some amylose molecules, while outer blocklets are made up of longer branched-chain amylopectin and few amylose molecules.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)