Article
Neurosciences
Jian Li, Yijun Liu, Jessica L. Wisnowski, Richard M. Leahy
Summary: The human brain exhibits dynamic fluctuations in activity across space and time. By combining a temporal synchronization process (BrainSync) and a three-way tensor decomposition method (NASCAR), we can jointly analyze rs-fMRI data from multiple subjects without imposing unnatural constraints. The resulting interacting networks represent functionally coherent activity across the brain and can be clustered into distinct functional categories, forming a representative functional network atlas for a healthy population. This atlas can be used to explore group and individual differences in neurocognitive function, as demonstrated in the context of ADHD and IQ prediction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guozhang Chen, Pulin Gong
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that fluctuations in neural activity and behavioral performance during visual spatial attention sampling are significant. Researchers have proposed a mechanism based on neural circuit models to explain these fluctuations, which involves a dynamic activity pattern (attention spotlight) that flexibly samples from different stimulus locations and explains various temporal fluctuations.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiangrong Tang, Juan Zhang, Lanfang Liu, Menghan Yang, Shijie Li, Jie Chen, Yumeng Ma, Jia Zhang, Haiyi Liu, Chunming Lu, Guosheng Ding
Summary: This study examines the brain state dynamics of bilinguals while processing their native language and second language, finding that native language processing involves more integrated states and frequent transitions, while second language processing involves more segregated states and fewer transitions.
Article
Neurosciences
Seyedeh-Rezvan Farahibozorg, Richard N. Henson, Anna M. Woollams, Olaf Hauk
Summary: This study explores the characteristics of a semantic hub through analyzing the spatiotemporal modulation of neural activity and connectivity. The results support the view that there is a single semantic hub, with the left anterior temporal lobe showing sustained modulation of neural activity by semantics and the connectivity between the anterior temporal lobe and the supramarginal/angular gyrus differing depending on the stage of semantic processing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alireza Talesh K. Jafadideh, Babak Mohammadzadeh K. Asl
Summary: This study explored the use of frequency bands in the structural graph to filter functional data and found significant differences between the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) group and the typically control (TC) group in the middle frequency band (MFB) and high frequency band (HFB). The results showed that ASDs had higher clustering coefficients, efficiencies, and strengths, as well as lower small-world propensity, indicating over-connectivity, more global integration, and decreased local specialization compared to TCs. Triadic analysis revealed that ASDs had fewer unbalanced triads and more balanced triads in the MFB, suggesting a potential link to restricted and repetitive behavior in ASDs. Additionally, the energies of triadic interactions were significantly lower for ASDs in the MFB and HFB, possibly indicating a disruption of the balance between functional integration and specialization. These results highlight the importance of analyzing the global metrics of functional graphs and triadic interaction metrics using frequency bands of the structural graph.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Heming Wang, Yao Wei, Yueming Wu, Xinzhe Wang, Yao Wang, Guoqiang Wang, Qiang Yue
Summary: The study revealed that from 1995 to 2015, the global material footprint (MF) showed an increasing trend by 83%, with a per capita MF exhibiting clustering and increasing trend. High-high clustering and low-low clustering were observed around countries with high MF. The number of countries with high clustering increased during the study period, suggesting a need to improve resource utilization and develop energy-saving technologies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Peilin Jia, Astrid M. Manuel, Brisa S. Fernandes, Yulin Dai, Zhongming Zhao
Summary: The study investigates the temporal network modularity using brain tissue transcriptomics to explore different brain disorders and traits at various developmental stages. The analysis reveals that most psychiatric disorders and traits have a fetal origin, while neurological diseases and anthropometric traits show increased co-expression activities in postnatal brains. Additionally, enriched cell types and functional features in specific brain disorders were identified, supporting previous knowledge in the field.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xenia Kobeleva, Ane Lopez-Gonzalez, Morten L. Kringelbach, Gustavo Deco
Summary: The brain rapidly processes and adapts to new information by transitioning between whole-brain functional networks at optimal spatial and temporal scales of around 300 regions and 150 ms, providing evidence for relevant spatiotemporal scales and recommendations for brain dynamics analyses.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Simon Musall, Xiaonan R. R. Sun, Hemanth Mohan, Xu An, Steven Gluf, Shu-Jing Li, Rhonda Drewes, Emma Cravo, Irene Lenzi, Chaoqun Yin, Bjoern M. Kampa, Anne K. K. Churchland
Summary: Distinct cortical pyramidal neuron types have unique contributions to behavioral decisions. The interactions among diverse cortical and subcortical areas are important for successful decision outcomes. Investigating the cell types that comprise cortical circuits and their dynamics is crucial for understanding complex behavior.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Taylor Bolt, Jason S. Nomi, Danilo Bzdok, Jorge A. Salas, Catie Chang, B. T. Thomas Yeo, Lucina Q. Uddin, Shella D. Keilholz
Summary: This study examines the organization of functional MRI signals in the human brain and proposes a parsimonious description with a small number of spatiotemporal patterns. By unifying observed phenomena in two broad categories, zero-lag representations of functional connectivity and time-lag representations of traveling wave or propagation structure, the researchers identify three low-frequency spatiotemporal patterns that account for various empirical phenomena.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew A. Cormie, Batu Kaya, Georgia E. Hadjis, Pedram Mouseli, Massieh Moayedi
Summary: The insula and the cingulate are key brain regions involved in processing affective, cognitive, and interoceptive stimuli. Using ultra-high field 7T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), this study investigated the structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) between insula and cingulate subregions. The findings suggest strong connections between posterior INS and posterior MCC, and a potential mediating structure between the anterior insula and anterior mid-cingulate cortex.
Article
Neurosciences
Josepheen De Asis-Cruz, Nicole Andersen, Kushal Kapse, Dhineshvikram Khrisnamurthy, Jessica Quistorff, Catherine Lopez, Gilbert Vezina, Catherine Limperopoulos
Summary: Recent advances in brain imaging have allowed for non-invasive assessment of fetal brain development. By analyzing resting state MRI data sets from 110 fetuses at different gestational ages, researchers characterized the global organizational features of fetal brain networks, which showed small-world topology. The study revealed that the neural circuitry supporting brain information segregation and integration is present as early as the late 2nd trimester of pregnancy and undergoes reorganization during the prenatal period.
Article
Neurosciences
Felix Kalbe, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Negative prediction errors lead to superior recognition of predictive stimuli, while positive prediction errors impair memory. Despite overall association with memory enhancement, memory-enhancing effects of negative prediction errors are linked to decreased medial temporal lobe activation. Large-scale network analyses show increased crosstalk between the salience network and frontoparietal network related to expectancy-congruent events.
Article
Neurosciences
Yujia Ao, Chengxiao Yang, Jan Drewes, Muliang Jiang, Lihui Huang, Xiujuan Jing, Georg Northoff, Yifeng Wang
Summary: This study investigated the age-related variations in regions and networks of the human brain using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The analysis revealed frequency-specific patterns in the topography and its variation with age, indicating the dynamic change of global brain activity. The findings suggest a general trend towards dedifferentiation of the global signal topography with age.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yanming Zhu, Min Xu, Junfeng Lu, Jianhua Hu, Veronica P. Y. Kwoks, Yulong Zhou, Di Yuan, Bin Wu, Jie Zhang, Jinsong Wu, Li Hai Tan
Summary: Zhu et al. found that semantic and syntactic processing in Chinese speakers elicit distinct patterns of neural activity. This contrasts with previous findings which suggested that syntax is processed under the umbrella of semantics and is not independent.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anup Das, Vinod Menon
Summary: In this study, high-temporal resolution intracranial EEG was used to investigate the neural dynamics of causal functional circuits during mental arithmetic. The results revealed the involvement of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as a causal inflow hub, with strong causal influences from ventral temporal-occipital cortex and hippocampus. The analysis also showed functional heterogeneity of casual signaling in the PPC, with greater net causal inflow into the dorsal PCC. The findings provide insights into the neural circuits underlying numerical problem solving during mental arithmetic.
Review
Neurosciences
Byeongwook Lee, Weidong Cai, Christina B. Young, Rui Yuan, Sephira Ryman, Jeehyun Kim, Veronica Santini, Victor W. Henderson, Kathleen L. Poston, Vinod Menon
Summary: A study using a new algorithm and high-temporal resolution fMRI data investigated brain flexibility in older adults, finding that brain inflexibility is associated with age and cognitive inflexibility.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Simon Leipold, Daniel A. Abrams, Shelby Karraker, Vinod Menon
Summary: This study reveals the brain regions associated with emotional prosody decoding in children and finds a link between decoding accuracy and social skills. Specifically, decoding of sadness is correlated with social communication abilities, highlighting the importance of attending to negative emotional vocal cues for social responsiveness and functioning.
Review
Neurosciences
Vinod Menon, Lena Palaniyappan, Kaustubh Supekar
Summary: Brain network models of cognitive control play a crucial role in understanding psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review examines the role of large-scale brain organization in schizophrenia, focusing on a triple-network model of cognitive control and its role in aberrant salience processing. The review summarizes evidence from structural, neurochemical, and functional brain imaging studies that highlight aberrancies in these networks and their dynamic interactions in schizophrenia. It also proposes an integrated model that incorporates striatal dysfunction and dysregulated dopamine modulation of salience network-centered processes in schizophrenia.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Simon Leipold, Daniel A. Abrams, Shelby Karraker, Jennifer M. Phillips, Vinod Menon
Summary: This study found that children with autism have difficulties in recognizing emotions from voices, which are related to abnormal neural connectivity. Compared to typical children, children with autism showed aberrant functional connectivity between voice-sensitive auditory cortex and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Neural activity in the TPJ during processing of emotional prosody was associated with social communication impairments in children with autism, while activity and decoding of emotional prosody in auditory cortex did not predict social communication impairments and were similar between autism and control groups.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yoshifumi Mizuno, Weidong Cai, Kaustubh Supekar, Kai Makita, Shinichiro Takiguchi, Timothy J. Silk, Akemi Tomoda, Vinod Menon
Summary: This study found that methylphenidate can increase spontaneous neural activity in the nucleus accumbens and its associated brain circuitry. This increase in spontaneous activity is associated with improvements in sustained attention in children with ADHD. The findings of this study were replicated in two independent cohorts, revealing a novel neural mechanism underlying methylphenidate treatment in ADHD.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Anup Das, Vinod Menon
Summary: Electrical stimulation of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) can reveal the causal circuit mechanisms underlying memory function. In this study, intracranial EEG recordings were used to investigate how MTL stimulation alters information flow between MTL and PFC, and between MTL and PPC, during a verbal episodic memory task. The results showed that MTL stimulation reduced memory recall, decreased PFC-MTL information flow, and had region-specific effects on directional signaling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Vinod Menon
Summary: The discovery of the default mode network has revolutionized our understanding of the human brain, playing a crucial role in self-reference, social cognition, memory, language, and consciousness.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vinod Menon, Domenic Cerri, Byeongwook Lee, Rui Yuan, Sung-Ho Lee, Yen-Yu Ian Shih
Summary: This study demonstrates that optogenetic stimulation of AI neurons in the rat brain can suppress DMN activity and decrease connectivity between AI and DMN nodes. These findings reveal new insights into the network organization of the rodent brain and advance our understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying dynamic interactions and network switching.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Weidong Cai, Stacie L. Warren, Katherine Duberg, Angela Yu, Stephen P. Hinshaw, Vinod Menon
Summary: Deficits in both proactive and reactive control are observed in children with ADHD. TD children demonstrate better control abilities compared to children with ADHD. The coordination between cognitive control mechanisms is not present in children with ADHD. Both proactive and reactive control functions are associated with behavioral problems in ADHD.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tzu-Hao Harry Chao, Byeongwook Lee, Li -Ming Hsu, Domenic Hayden Cerri, Wei -Ting Zhang, Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang, Srikanth Ryali, Vinod Menon, Yen-Yu Ian Shih
Summary: This study combines fiber photometry with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computational modeling to investigate the neurophysiological properties and interactions of the rat default mode network (DMN) and the anterior insular cortex (AI) of the salience network. The findings reveal the neuronal activity changes preceding fMRI-derived DMN activations and cyclical transitions between brain network states. Additionally, salient stimuli are found to suppress the DMN and enhance AI neuronal activity, with the AI causally inhibiting a prominent DMN node.
Article
Neurosciences
Jin Liu, Lang Chen, Hyesang Chang, Jeremy Rudoler, Ahmad Belal Al-Zughoul, Julia Boram Kang, Daniel A. Abrams, Vinod Menon
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of episodic memory function in children with ASD, revealing reduced memory performance compared to typically developing control children. General and face memory emerged as distinct dimensions of memory difficulties. Dysfunction of specific DMN-related circuits, such as aberrant hippocampal and posterior cingulate cortex connectivity, were associated with diminished general and face memory in ASD.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Weidong Cai, Yoshifumi Mizuno, Akemi Tomoda, Vinod Menon
Summary: This study used a Bayesian dynamical system model to investigate the effects of methylphenidate on latent brain states and behavioral dynamics in children with ADHD. The results showed that methylphenidate improves behavioral variability and corrects abnormal brain state dynamics and connectivity in children with ADHD. The findings reveal the underlying brain state dynamical process and circuit mechanism of methylphenidate in treating childhood ADHD.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Percy K. Mistry, Anthony Strock, Ruizhe Liu, Griffin Young, Vinod Menon
Summary: The authors used a biologically-inspired neural network to study the changes in neural representations with numerosity training. They found that learning reorganized neuronal tuning properties, resulting in the emergence of sharply-tuned representations of numerosity. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed the emergence of absolute and relative magnitude representations of quantity, including mid-point anchoring. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which learning builds novel representations supporting number sense.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)