Review
Virology
Yun-Hee Kim, Kee-Jong Hong, Hun Kim, Jae-Hwan Nam
Summary: Globally, seasonal influenza viruses cause millions of severe cases and respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza vaccines have been developed but offer low protection rates, especially in young children and the elderly. Future directions include developing vaccines that induce balanced immune responses and broad-spectrum effectiveness, as well as safe and effective adjuvants.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raphael Bernard-Valnet, David Frieser, Xuan-Hung Nguyen, Leila Khajavi, Clemence Queriault, Sebastien Arthaud, Silvia Melzi, Maxime Fusade-Boyer, Frederick Masson, Matthias Zytnicki, Abdelhadi Saoudi, Yves Dauvilliers, Christelle Peyron, Jan Bauer, Roland S. Liblau
Summary: This study reveals that Pandemrix (R) vaccination may induce narcolepsy through immune cross-reactivity with a self-antigen, leading to an immunopathological process. This process relies on the synergy between CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mohamed Ahmed Attia, Ebtessam Ahmed Essa, Toka Tarek Elebyary, Ahmed Mostafa Faheem, Amal Ali Elkordy
Summary: Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases, and advancements in biotechnology and nanoparticles have enabled successful vaccine development. Liposomes, as a versatile carrier for vaccines, have shown great potential in delivering antigens and eliciting desired immune responses during the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marcelo Gabriel Vallone, Andre Luis Falcon, Horacio Matias Castro, Augusto Ferraris, Ramiro Francisco Cantarella, Maria Ines Staneloni, Valeria Ines Aliperti, Analia Ferloni, Daniela Mezzarobba, Fernando Javier Vazquez, Maria Florencia Grande Ratti
Summary: This study found a significant increase in thrombotic events in subjects vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccines compared to a control group. The clinical implications of these findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the high efficacy of vaccination and the inherent risk of thrombosis from Covid-19 infection itself.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Laura Sanchez-de Prada, Silvia Rojo-Rello, Marta Dominguez-Gil, Eduardo Tamayo-Gomez, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu-Leonardo, Jose Maria Eiros, Ivan Sanz-Munoz
Summary: The study evaluated the cross-protection provided by the trivalent influenza vaccine and compared serological profiles based on age, sex, and vaccine type. It was found that heterotypic reactivity between the two influenza B lineages is common, but always lower than the homologous response. Age is a relevant factor for cross-reactivity between the lineages, while sex and vaccine type are not.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marilou Kiely, Fazia Tadount, Ernest Lo, Manish Sadarangani, Shu Qin Wei, Ellen Rafferty, Caroline Quach, Shannon E. Macdonald
Summary: This study found that females have a higher risk of adverse reactions following influenza vaccines compared to males, regardless of age and vaccine type. Transparent communication of this risk could increase trust in vaccines and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mariana Rivera-Patron, Maria Moreno, Mariana Baz, Paulo M. Roehe, Samuel P. Cibulski, Fernando Silveira
Summary: Vaccination is the most effective public health intervention to prevent influenza infections. The IQB90 adjuvanted influenza vaccine can trigger a strong immune response and dose-sparing effect, which is crucial for pandemic preparedness.
Article
Immunology
Aristo Vojdani, Elroy Vojdani, Ashley L. Melgar, Joshua Redd
Summary: It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 shares homology and cross-reacts with vaccines, other viruses, common bacteria, and many human tissues. This study found strong reactions between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and DTaP vaccine, food antigens, and bacteria. This cross-reactivity may provide advantages in immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and should be further investigated for potential cross-protection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mariia V. Sergeeva, Ekaterina A. Romanovskaya-Romanko, Vera Z. Krivitskaya, Polina A. Kudar, Nadezhda N. Petkova, Kira S. Kudria, Dmitry A. Lioznov, Marina A. Stukova, Yulia A. Desheva
Summary: Neuraminidase-based immunity has the potential to mitigate the impact of novel antigenic variants of influenza viruses. The dynamics of anti-NA antibody response varies depending on the virus subtype, and the persistence of antibodies is different from that of anti-HA antibodies. The level of NA antibodies after vaccination correlates directly with the preexisting titers.
Article
Microbiology
Jing-ying Sun, Chun-yan Guo, Guo-rong Wang, Li-ting Yan, Qing Feng, Yan Li, Xue-ping Huo, Xin Xie, Jun Hu, Li-jun Sun
Summary: Our previous studies found that the H1-50 monoclonal antibody cross-reacts with pancreatic tissue and islet beta-cells, and further investigation revealed that it binds to PHB protein. We screened the binding epitopes using a phage 12-peptide library and identified a specific binding sequence of H1-50 mAb to influenza A virus HA. The study provides new insights into the role of influenza virus in type 1 diabetes.
CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Amrit S. Gonugunta, Mitchell S. von Itzstein, Hong Mu-Mosley, Farjana Fattah, J. David Farrar, Angela Mobely, Sawsan Rashdan, Sunny Lai, Salman F. Bhai, Bonnie L. Bermas, David Karp, Quan-Zhen Li, Edward K. Wakeland, David E. Gerber
Summary: This case study demonstrates the potential for late-onset changes in humoral and cellular immunity in patients receiving ICI treatment. Corticosteroid administration resulted in immediate and profound decreases in cytokines, autoantibodies, and inflammatory cells, highlighting the biological effects of corticosteroids on these parameters. Application of humoral and cellular immune biomarkers across ICI populations may inform toxicity monitoring and management.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Nadim Khalil, David I. Bernstein
Summary: Influenza vaccines are the most effective strategy for preventing influenza illness, but currently available vaccines have suboptimal efficacy. Therefore, further research and innovation are needed to develop a universal influenza vaccine that provides long-lasting immunity and protects against a broad range of strains.
CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silke Stertz, Benjamin G. Hale
Summary: Pandemics are caused by novel pathogens due to lack of pre-existing antibody immunity. Studies show that deficiencies in the interferon system components can lead to uncontrolled virus replication and severe illness in some individuals, while autoantibodies neutralizing interferon's antiviral function may increase the risk of severe COVID-19.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Faisal Fa'ak, Maryam Buni, Adewunmi Falohun, Huifang Lu, Juhee Song, Daniel H. Johnson, Chrystia M. Zobniw, Van A. Trinh, Muhammad Osama Awiwi, Nourel Hoda Tahon, Khaled M. Elsayes, Kaysia Ludford, Emma J. Montazari, Julia Chernis, Maya Dimitrova, Sabina Sandigursky, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Osama Abu-Shawer, Osama Rahma, Uma Thanarajasingam, Ashley M. Zeman, Rafee Talukder, Namrata Singh, Sarah H. Chung, Petros Grivas, May Daher, Ala Abudayyeh, Iman Osman, Jeffrey Weber, Jean H. Tayar, Maria E. Suarez-Almazor, Noha Abdel-Wahab, Adi Diab
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of anti-interleukin-6 receptor (anti-IL-6R) therapy for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The results showed that anti-IL-6R treatment can improve irAEs without hindering antitumor immunity.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Girolamo Giannotta, Antonio Murrone, Nicola Giannotta
Summary: Each injection of any known vaccine leads to strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as a result of innate immune system activation. The degree of inflammation caused by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines varies, depending on genetic background and previous immune experiences. We propose that the increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines after vaccination can result in multisystem hyperinflammatory syndromes. By correlating time and degree of inflammation, we can understand the complexity of clinical manifestations.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William H. Robinson, Lawrence Steinman
Summary: Infection with Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of multiple sclerosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip C. Robinson, David F. L. Liew, Helen L. Tanner, John R. Grainger, Raymond A. Dwek, Ronald B. Reisler, Lawrence Steinman, Marc Feldmann, Ling-Pei Ho, Tracy Hussell, Paul Moss, Duncan Richards, Nicole Zitzmann
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact on global society. While substantial investment in life sciences has led to rapid advancements in viral characterization, testing, and the development of highly effective vaccines, drug treatments for COVID-19 have been limited. Innovative approaches in clinical trials and repurposing existing drugs have saved lives, but there is still a need for further development of therapeutics. It is important to address the challenges and unmet needs in order to prepare for future pandemics and ensure the cost-effective development and equitable distribution of new therapeutics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bao Ying Chen, Jessica R. Salas, Alyssa O. Trias, Arely Perez Rodriguez, Jonathan E. Tsang, Miriam Guemes, Thuc M. Le, Zoran Galic, H. Michael Shepard, Lawrence Steinman, David A. Nathanson, Johannes Czernin, Owen N. Witte, Caius G. Radu, Kenneth A. Schultz, Peter M. Clark
Summary: Research on multiple sclerosis and autoimmune diseases has found that targeting deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) can limit the progression of symptoms, and dCK activity is essential for activation-induced proliferation in specific lymphocytes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolyn Goldschmidt, Steven L. Galetta, Robert P. Lisak, Laura J. Balcer, Andrew Hellman, Michael K. Racke, Amy E. Lovett-Racke, Roberto Cruz, Matthew S. Parsons, Neda Sattarnezhad, Lawrence Steinman, Scott S. Zamvil, Elliot M. Frohman, Teresa C. Frohman
Summary: A woman was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) as a teenager and later developed neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in her sixties. This case highlights the importance of reconsidering the working diagnosis when faced with evidence of a distinctly different disorder.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lawrence Steinman, Roberto Patarca, William Haseltine
Summary: Twenty years ago, a tribute was published in this journal to celebrate the 70th anniversary of an animal model known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recent research has helped explain how Epstein-Barr virus triggers multiple sclerosis through molecular mimicry. These observations bring us back to Rivers' first paper on EAE, published 90 years ago, and show the continued importance of this animal model in understanding disease mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sharon A. Sagan, Zahra Moinfar, Carson E. Moseley, Ravi Dandekar, Collin M. Spencer, Alan S. Verkman, Ole Petter Ottersen, Raymond A. Sobel, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Mark S. Anderson, Lawrence Steinman, Michael R. Wilson, Joseph J. Sabatino, Scott S. Zamvil
Summary: This study investigates the role of AQP4-specific Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The research shows that AQP4-specific T cells have a high affinity for binding to MHC II, and their clonal expansion is observed in AQP4-deficient mice. Thymic negative selection alone does not account for the tolerance to AQP4 in wild-type (WT) mice. AQP4-specific Th17 cells can cause paralysis followed by recovery, associated with apoptosis of donor T cells. However, these cells can persist and cause persistent paralysis in mice deficient in both T and B cells or lacking T cells only. In contrast, MOG-specific T cells survive and cause sustained disease in WT mice.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aude Chiot, Shanu F. Roemer, Lisa Ryner, Alina Bogachuk, Katie Emberley, Dillon Brownell, Gisselle A. Jimenez, Michael Leviten, Randall Woltjer, Dennis W. Dickson, Lawrence Steinman, Bahareh Ajami
Summary: This study found that alpha 5 integrin is prominently expressed in motor pathways and perivascular zones associated with the blood-brain barrier in ALS patients and mouse models. Treatment with an antibody against alpha 5 integrin improved survival and motor function in the mouse model.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Tobias Lanz, William H. Robinson, Peggy P. Ho, Lawrence Steinman
Summary: We propose studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the clonal antibody response in cerebrospinal fluid and exploring therapeutic approaches to block EBV-triggered multiple sclerosis. These include antiviral clinical trials, development of nucleic acid-based vaccines, cellular adoptive therapy, and vaccines to EBV. These topics are not exhaustive, but our medical science community has the tools to tackle EBV-triggered MS and potentially eradicate the disease, as we have done with poliomyelitis.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
K. W. Selmaj, L. Steinman, G. Comi, A. Bar-Or, H. P. Hartung, X. Montalban, E. K. Havrdova, J. K. Sheffield, A. Thorpe, J. V. Riolo, A. Krakovich, C. Y. Cheng, L. Kappos, J. A. Cohen, B. A. C. Cree
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Enrique Alvarez, Lawrence Steinman, Hans-Peter Hartung, Edward Fox, Peiqing Qian, Sibyl Wray, Derrick Robertson, Koby Mok, Christopher A. Garner, Bruce Cree
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Lawrence Steinman, Edward Fox, Hans-Peter Hartung, Enrique Alvarez, Peiqing Qian, Sibyl Wray, Derrick Robertson, Deren Huang, Krzysztof Selmaj, Daniel Wynn, Jenna Bosco, Koby Mok, Christopher A. Garner, Bruce Cree
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
K. W. Selmaj, J. A. Cohen, L. Steinman, G. Comi, A. Bar-Or, H. Hartung, X. Montalban, L. Kappos, J. K. Sheffield, A. Krakovich, C. Cheng, J. Riolo, D. Silva, B. A. Cree
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
B. A. Cree, K. Selmaj, L. Steinman, G. Comi, A. Bar-Or, D. L. Arnold, H. Hartung, X. Montalban, E. K. Havrdova, J. K. Sheffield, C. Cheng, J. V. Riolo, D. Silva, L. Kappos, J. A. Cohen
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
T. V. Lanz, R. C. Brewer, P. P. Ho, L. Steinman, W. H. Robinson
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
K. W. Selmaj, L. Steinman, G. Comi, A. Bar-Or, D. L. Arnold, H. -P. Hartung, X. Montalban, E. K. Havrdova, A. Krakovich, J. K. Sheffield, C. -Y. Cheng, N. Minton, D. Silva, L. Kappos, J. A. Cohen, B. A. C. Cree
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)