Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiachen Li, Lirong Liang, Baolei Lyu, Yutong Samuel Cai, Yingting Zuo, Jian Su, Zhaohui Tong
Summary: The co-occurrence of PM2.5 and O-3 pollution during the warm season has a super-additive effect on respiratory admissions, contributing significantly to the burden of respiratory diseases. Prioritizing O-3 control is a cost-effective strategy for Beijing, while addressing both PM2.5 and O-3 pollution is crucial.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qin Xiong, Wanzhou Wang, Yong Wang, Min Zhang, Benqiang Rao, Xuezhao Ji, Zhihu Xu, Shaowei Wu, Furong Deng
Summary: This study investigated the associations between ambient air pollution and LEDVT in patients after surgical operations. The results suggested that long-term exposures to PM2.5, PM10, and O3 may increase the risk of LEDVT, highlighting the importance of prevention and control of adverse clinical outcomes associated with ambient air pollution in surgical patients.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bin Jalaludin, Farhad Salimi, Mahsan Sadeghi, Laura Collie, Geoffrey Morgan
Summary: This study did not find consistent evidence of associations between PM and O-3 and stillbirths in Sydney, Australia. However, there was potential effect modification of the association between PM10 and O-3 by maternal age. More high quality birth cohort studies are required to clarify associations between air pollution and stillbirths.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Swarnali Sanyal, Donald J. Wuebbles
Summary: The emissions from fossil fuel use not only affect climate but also have direct and indirect effects on air pollution. A more definite energy transformation is needed to reduce the adverse health effects caused by poor air quality. This study examines the possibility of a future where fossil fuel use has been extensively reduced and replaced by nonpolluting forms of energy. The results show that air quality improves significantly with respect to ozone and particulate pollution in the clean energy future scenario, emphasizing the importance of transforming energy production for air quality and human health.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ang Li, Quan Zhou, Qun Xu
Summary: This article reviews current ozone pollution mitigation policies and National Ambient Air Quality Standard in China from an epidemiological perspective, providing recommendations for researchers and policy makers. It emphasizes the importance of integrating ozone and particulate matter control, different seasonal ozone control, and regional cooperation. The article also highlights the need for attention to winter ozone pollution and the use of daily average ozone concentration as a more biologically relevant metric.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jack T. Pryor, Lachlan O. Cowley, Stephanie E. Simonds
Summary: Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution limits, leading to approximately 8 million deaths annually. Particulate matter is the most dangerous form of air pollution, causing inflammatory and oxidative tissue damage. This review will summarize the impact of particulate matter on physiological systems, referring to relevant epidemiological and toxicological studies.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjamin Bowe, Andrew K. Gibson, Yan Xie, Yan Yan, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Ziyad Al-Aly
Summary: The study found a correlation between PM2.5 and the risks of weight gain and obesity, especially at PM2.5 concentrations below the national standard. Results were consistent across different sensitivity analyses, suggesting that PM2.5 air pollution may contribute to obesity and weight gain.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Jie Chen, Sophia Rodopoulou, Maciej Strak, Kees de Hoogh, Tom Bellander, J. orgen Brandt, Francesco Forastiere, Boel Brynedal, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Karin Leander, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Goran Pershagen, Debora Rizzuto, Evangelia Samoli, Rina So, Massimo Stafoggia, Anne Tj Onneland, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Emanuel Zitt, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Summary: This study assessed the association between residential exposure to air pollution and multiple myeloma. The results showed no significant association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and the incidence of multiple myeloma.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinyoung Shin, Jaekyung Choi
Summary: This study found that the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and O-3 may be dose-dependently associated with frailty, with each 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 and PM10 significantly increasing the risk of frailty.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huizhong Shen, Boyu Liu, Yilin Chen, Xi Zhu, Xiao Yun, Wenjun Meng, Cengxi Lu, Guofeng Shen, Yongtao Hu, Armistead G. Russell, Kirk R. Smith, Shu Tao
Summary: The popularity of facemasks has increased in northern China due to severe air pollution. While wearing facemasks can reduce exposure to particulate matter, the protection is limited as people spend most of their time indoors. Installing indoor air purifiers is a more effective strategy for long-term protection against particulate matter exposure.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hui Zhao, Kaiyu Chen, Zhen Liu, Yuxin Zhang, Tian Shao, Hongliang Zhang
Summary: China formulated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP) in 2013 to improve air quality. After its implementation, there was a significant decrease in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations, while NO2 remained unchanged and O-3 concentration increased. Despite the decrease in PM2.5, over 65% of the population was still exposed to levels higher than the standard, indicating the need for continued efforts in air pollution control.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Hua-Chuan Lin, Jing-Min Guo, Pin Ge, Ping Ou
Summary: This study found a modest association between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and the risk of hypospadias, particularly within 1 month before pregnancy or the first trimester. There was no significant association observed between exposure to PM2.5-10 and PM10 during pregnancy and the risk of hypospadias in offspring.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
H. A. Sheikh, B. A. Maher, A. W. Woods, P. Y. Tung, R. J. Harrison
Summary: This study demonstrates the efficacy of roadside green infrastructure (GI) in improving local air quality by capturing and reducing airborne particulate matter (PM). A recently installed 'tredge' was found to be effective in intercepting and depositing PM, resulting in significant reduction in exposure in a school playground setting. The findings suggest that GI can be a cost-effective mitigation strategy.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Zhenjie Wang, Mengmeng Xu, Yanhua Wang, Ting Wang, Nan Wu, Wenjing Zheng, Huawei Duan
Summary: The study investigated the impact of PM exposure on surfactant proteins, finding a significant decrease in circulating SP-D and an increase in serum SP-A among smokers. These results suggest that circulating surfactant proteins may serve as biomarkers for respiratory injury caused by air particulate matter.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, Feiby L. Nassan, Anna Kosheleva, Cuicui Wang, Zongli Xu, Qian Di, Weeberb J. Requia, Nicole T. Comfort, Haotian Wu, Louise C. Laurent, Peter DeHoff, Pantel Vokonas, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Joel D. Schwartz
Summary: This study found that air pollution and temperature have significant effects on the peripheral blood microRNA profiles of participants in the Normative Aging Study. PM2.5 had the most pronounced association with ex-miRNAs. Pathway analysis revealed that these exposure-related ex-miRNAs may be linked to multiple clinical diseases.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Johannes Staehelin
Summary: The HTAP and TOAR programs analyzed historical ozone measurements and compared them with recent measurements, revealing a long-term increase in tropospheric ozone concentrations in the northern mid-latitudes during the 20th century. However, the two studies differed in their assessment of the magnitude of this increase, particularly in terms of baseline ozone concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish, Alex T. Archibald, Makoto Deushi, Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis, Drew Shindell, Larry W. Horowitz, M. Anwar H. Khan, Dudley E. Shallcross
Summary: An intercomparison study was conducted to examine the representation of atmospheric chemistry in pre-industrial troposphere by earth system and global tropospheric chemistry-transport models. While the responses across different chemical mechanisms were in agreement, there were detailed differences that could be attributed to variations in the representation of C-1-C-3 chemistry. Large uncertainties in laboratory determinations of key chemical reactions involving organic peroxy radicals and hydroperoxides contribute to irreducible uncertainties in model predictions, calling for further definitive studies to reduce uncertainties.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Min Shao, Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, David D. Parrish, Xin Li, Keding Lu, Luolin Wu, Xuemei Wang, Ziwei Mo, Suxia Yang, Yuwen Peng, Ye Kuang, Weihua Chen, Min Hu, Limin Zeng, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Junyu Zheng, Yuanhang Zhang
Summary: In recent years, China has seen a decrease in ambient fine particle levels but an increase in ground-level ozone concentrations in cities like Beijing. The impact of PM2.5 reduction on ozone formation depends on both PM2.5 levels and the optical properties of particles.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Ian C. Faloona
Summary: Research shows that baseline ozone concentrations in the western United States have exhibited non-linear changes over the past few decades, with a rapid increase in the 1980s, slowing in the 1990s, peaking in the mid-2000s, and then slowly decreasing. The remaining variance is mainly attributed to unquantified data autocorrelation and meteorologically-driven interannual ozone variability.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, David D. Parrish, Duohong Chen, Yongxin Song, Suxia Yang, Zhijie Liu, Min Shao
Summary: This study examines the trends of surface ozone in the Pearl River Delta region in China from 2006 to 2019. The results show an upward trend in urban areas and mixed trends in regional areas. The rise in urban ozone is mainly attributed to the reduction in nitric oxide, while the decline in surface NO2 could drive the decrease in O(x) mixing ratios and the increase in ozone mixing ratios at urban sites. The study also highlights the importance of controlling key precursors to counteract the reduced NO titration effect. Furthermore, the correlation between surface O-x concentrations and aerosol concentrations suggests the consistent control strategies of ozone and aerosol pollution in the region. Establishing more regional sites is also emphasized to comprehensively assess spatiotemporal changes in surface air pollutants in China.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
David D. Parrish, Ian C. Faloona, Richard G. Derwent
Summary: This study estimates the contributions of US background ozone and US anthropogenic precursor emissions to the ozone design values (ODVs) along the US West Coast. The results show that US background ozone is the major contributor to ODVs in this region. However, US anthropogenic emissions have a significant impact on ODVs in the Los Angeles area. The study also finds that agricultural emissions and wildfires have notable effects on ODVs in specific areas.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish
Summary: The study analyzed the annual maximum 8-hourly mean ozone mixing ratios at 56 European rural ozone monitoring stations from 1989 to 2018. It found that almost all stations and years exceeded the World Health Organization's air quality guideline for human health protection. The long-term changes in ozone mixing ratios were measured using a transported baseline contribution and a regional photochemical enhancement. The study revealed that regional photochemical enhancements have significantly decreased at all rural monitoring stations due to actions taken to control ozone precursor emissions. However, the transported baseline contributions, mainly from intercontinental transport of ozone, have remained high and explain why the WHO guideline is frequently exceeded.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Correction
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenjie Wang, Xin Li, Yafang Cheng, David D. Parrish, Ruijing Ni, Zhaofeng Tan, Ying Liu, Sihua Lu, Yusheng Wu, Shiyi Chen, Keding Lu, Min Hu, Limin Zeng, Min Shao, Cheng Huang, Xudong Tian, K. M. Leung, Liangfu Chen, Meng Fan, Qiang Zhang, Franz Rohrer, Andreas Wahner, Ulrich Poschl, Hang Su, Yuanhang Zhang
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenjie Wang, Xin Li, Yafang Cheng, David D. Parrish, Ruijing Ni, Zhaofeng Tan, Ying Liu, Sihua Lu, Yusheng Wu, Shiyi Chen, Keding Lu, Min Hu, Limin Zeng, Min Shao, Cheng Huang, Xudong Tian, K. M. Leung, Liangfu Chen, Meng Fan, Qiang Zhang, Franz Rohrer, Andreas Wahner, Ulrich Poschl, Hang Su, Yuanhang Zhang
Summary: Tropospheric ozone pollution is a critical air-quality concern in China. The most effective mitigation approach is still debated, but this study suggests that controlling volatile organic compounds should be a priority, followed by reducing nitrogen oxides.
Article
Environmental Sciences
David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Ian C. Faloona, Charles A. Mims
Summary: A nonlinear change in baseline ozone concentrations has been observed at northern midlatitudes over the past few decades. Recent studies using linear trend analyses have reported relatively small trends, which are inconsistent with earlier findings. The COVID-19-related ozone changes based on linear analysis are shown to be significantly larger than recent long-term decreases in baseline ozone. The loss of lower stratospheric ozone in the 2020 springtime Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion event also contributed to anomalously low background ozone levels. Taken together, these factors suggest that the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on background tropospheric ozone in 2020 was smaller than previously reported. A consensus understanding of baseline ozone changes and their causes is crucial for developing effective policies to improve ozone air quality.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Charles A. Mims, David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Mohammad Astaneh, Ian C. Faloona
Summary: This study uses a simple compartmental model to simulate the seasonal distribution of ozone in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude troposphere, revealing the critical role of the marine boundary layer in the global ozone balance and the need for better understanding of certain process parameters.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenjie Wang, David D. Parrish, Siwen Wang, Fengxia Bao, Ruijing Ni, Xin Li, Suding Yang, Hongli Wang, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su
Summary: In the past decade, ozone pollution has become a severe environmental problem in China's major cities. This study investigated the long-term trend of ozone pollution in China from 2014 to 2020 based on observational records. The study found that ozone concentrations were slightly higher in urban areas compared to non-urban areas. The highest concentrations occurred during summer in northern China and during autumn or spring in southern China. Despite the decrease in ozone precursors, ozone concentrations generally increased over the 7-year period, with a slower rate of increase after 2017. There were seasonal differences in the long-term trend, with ozone concentrations decreasing in summer and increasing in winter from 2019 to 2020. Additionally, a photochemical box model analysis suggested a shift in the ozone sensitivity regime in urban areas of China during the study period.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Suxia Yang, Bin Yuan, Yuwen Peng, Shan Huang, Wei Chen, Weiwei Hu, Chenglei Pei, Jun Zhou, David D. Parrish, Wenjie Wang, Xianjun He, Chunlei Cheng, Xiao-Bing Li, Xiaoyun Yang, Yu Song, Haichao Wang, Jipeng Qi, Baolin Wang, Chen Wang, Chaomin Wang, Zelong Wang, Tiange Li, E. Zheng, Sihang Wang, Caihong Wu, Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Wei Song, Peng Cheng, Duohong Chen, Xinming Wang, Zhanyi Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Junyu Zheng, Min Shao
Summary: This study investigates the formation pathways of nitrate aerosol at urban and suburban sites in the Pearl River Delta. The results show that chemical reactions in both daytime and nighttime contribute significantly to nitrate formation, with differences observed between the two sites. Reducing volatile organic compound emissions can effectively mitigate nitrate and ozone pollution, providing valuable insights for developing mitigation strategies.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Henry Bowman, Steven Turnock, Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis, Makoto Deushi, Naga Oshima, Fiona M. O'Connor, Larry Horowitz, Tongwen Wu, Jie Zhang, Dagmar Kubistin, David D. Parrish
Summary: Simulations from CMIP6 Earth system models show that the seasonal cycle of baseline tropospheric ozone at northern midlatitudes has been shifting since the mid-20th century. This shift is related to changes in anthropogenic emissions and the rise and fall of ozone precursor concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David D. Parrish, Richard G. Derwent, Steven T. Turnock, Fiona M. O'Connor, Johannes Staehelin, Susanne E. Bauer, Makoto Deushi, Naga Oshima, Kostas Tsigaridis, Tongwen Wu, Jie Zhang
Summary: Our understanding of natural tropospheric ozone concentrations has been limited by the lack of reliable measurements before the 1980s. Observations suggest that ozone concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere have been increasing at a faster rate than in the Southern Hemisphere, primarily due to anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors. Earth system model simulations also indicate a similar trend, but uncertainties in the models may lead to disagreements with observational data.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)