Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankita Poojari, Kapil Dev, Atefeh Rabiee
Summary: Lipedema is a fat and fascia disorder primarily affecting women. The mechanisms underlying this condition and its treatment options are not well understood. This review explores the morphological phenotype of lipedema fat, its pathophysiology, and potential biomarkers, while emphasizing the importance of technological interventions in the future.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Devaraj Basavarajappa, Caridad Galindo-Romero, Vivek Gupta, Marta Agudo-Barriuso, Veer B. Gupta, Stuart L. Graham, Nitin Chitranshi
Summary: In this review, the recent research progress on the degenerative mechanisms of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma is discussed. High intraocular pressure is not the sole factor contributing to glaucoma pathogenesis. The balance of pro-survival and pro-death signaling pathways in the retina strongly influences RGC function and survival. Various molecules and regulated cell death pathways are involved in the development of glaucoma.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maxime Rageot, Ramadan B. Hussein, Susanne Beck, Victoria Altmann-Wendling, Mohammed I. M. Ibrahim, Mahmoud M. Bahgat, Ahmed M. Yousef, Katja Mittelstaedt, Jean-Jacques Filippi, Stephen Buckley, Cynthianne Spiteri, Philipp W. Stockhammer
Summary: The ability of ancient Egyptians to preserve human bodies through embalming has fascinated people. Through archaeological, philological, and organic residue analyses, this study sheds new light on the embalming practice in ancient Egypt. The analysis of ceramic vessels from a 26th Dynasty embalming workshop revealed the use of specific mixtures of oils, tars, and resins for embalming. The study also highlights the trade networks that provided ancient Egyptian embalmers with foreign substances needed for mummification.
Review
Cell Biology
Samir Kumar Beura, Abhishek Ramachandra Panigrahi, Pooja Yadav, Sunil Kumar Singh
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor dysfunctions. Platelets play an important role in Parkinson's disease and may be a target for treatment.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Justin Lin, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Geetha Raghuveer, Supriya Jain, Nadine F. Choueiter, Luis Martin Garrido-Garcia, Nagib Dahdah, Michael A. Portman, Nilanjana Misra, Michael Khoury, Marianna Fabi, Matthew D. Elias, Audrey Dionne, Simon Lee, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney, Jean A. Ballweg, Cedric Manlhiot, Brian W. McCrindle
Summary: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare delayed hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes severe morbidity in pediatric patients. Although sharing similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD), there are important differences in epidemiological, clinical, immunological, and potentially genetic factors, indicating potential differences in pathophysiology.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alastair J. S. Webb, David J. Werring
Summary: Despite advances in stroke management, hypertension remains a major risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Blood pressure control is important, but doesn't fully prevent vascular cognitive impairment. The relationship between hypertension and cerebral blood flow control is not well understood. Increased blood pressure variability and changes in arterial stiffness may contribute to the risk of stroke. Targeting cerebral pulsatility and vascular reactivity in early clinical trials shows promise. The role of cerebral autoregulation as a modifiable risk factor is still uncertain. Understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension-related cerebrovascular disease may help prevent chronic cerebrovascular disease, acute events, and vascular cognitive impairment.
Review
Immunology
Erica A. Steen, Kim E. Nichols, Lauren K. Meyer
Summary: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (fHLH) is a group of rare inherited immune dysregulation disorders characterized by mutations in genes involved in cytotoxic granules in CD8+ T cells and NK cells. This defect leads to sustained lymphocyte activation and excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in tissue damage and multi-organ failure. Studies in murine models have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying hyperinflammation in fHLH.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Sanchez-Villalobos, Miguel Blanquer, Jose M. Moraleda, Eduardo J. Salido, Ana B. Perez-Oliva
Summary: In this article, the main pathophysiological pathways involved in beta-thalassemia are reviewed, with a focus on the development of new therapies directed at new therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Linda Ines Zoungrana, Steven Didik, Hao Wang, Lily Slotabec, Ji Li
Summary: Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The mechanism of development is not fully understood, but activated protein C (APC) has potential neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurogenic actions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haruki Koike, Yohei Iguchi, Kentaro Sahashi, Masahisa Katsuno
Summary: Amyloidosis refers to a group of protein-misfolding diseases where normally soluble proteins form insoluble amyloid fibrils. The role of amyloid fibrils in tissue damage is debated, with some studies suggesting their importance in systemic amyloidosis. In neurodegenerative diseases, oligomers rather than amyloid fibrils are thought to be responsible for cell death, leading to the development of disease-modifying therapies targeting these protein aggregates.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohd Adnan, Debarati Dasgupta, Saleha Anwar, Anas Shamsi, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Mejdi Snoussi, Fevzi Bardakci, Mitesh Patel, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
Summary: This study showed that galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, binds to MARK4 with strong affinity and significantly inhibits its kinase activity. These results suggest that galantamine could be a potential inhibitor of MARK4 and a promising therapeutic target for AD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Liyan Niu, Dingfa Liang, Qin Ling, Jing Zhang, Ziwen Li, Deju Zhang, Panpan Xia, Zicheng Zhu, Jitao Lin, Ao Shi, Jianyong Ma, Peng Yu, Xiao Liu
Summary: On 23rd July 2022, the WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak as a global medical crisis. Monkeypox virus (MPV) is a zoonotic DNA virus that can spread through various routes. By September 9, 2022, over 57,000 cases had been reported in 103 locations, with symptoms including rash, fatigue, and fever. Prevention through vaccination and treatment with antiviral drugs are important strategies to combat the virus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lukas Lanser, Dietmar Fuchs, Katharina Kurz, Guenter Weiss
Summary: Anemia is common in patients with inflammatory disorders and is mainly caused by disturbances in iron metabolism. Treatment should focus on addressing the underlying inflammatory disease to normalize hemoglobin levels and prevent the risks associated with anemia. New therapies targeting hepcidin modifications and hypoxia inducible factors show promise but require further evaluation in clinical trials for effectiveness in treating anemia of inflammation in ill patients.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rilda Leon, Daniela A. Gutierrez, Claudio Pinto, Cristian Morales, Catalina de la Fuente, Cristobal Riquelme, Bastian I. Cortes, Adrian Gonzalez-Martin, David Chamorro, Nelson Espinosa, Pablo Fuentealba, Gonzalo I. Cancino, Silvana Zanlungo, Andres E. Dulcey, Juan J. Marugan, Alejandra Alvarez Rojas
Summary: The study explores the role of c-Abl kinase in Alzheimer's disease (AD), using the APP/PS1 mouse model. The results demonstrate that the absence or inhibition of c-Abl improves cognitive performance in AD mice, with reduced amyloid plaques and preserved neurons in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that c-Abl could be a potential target for AD therapies.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Murtala Bello Abubakar, Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi, Azizah Ugusman, Wael Mohamed, Haziq Kamal, Nurul Husna Ibrahim, Ching Soong Khoo, Jaya Kumar
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible brain disorder associated with progressive loss of brain functions. The disease processes start before the symptoms are manifested, and most therapies may not be effective at that point. This article discusses signaling pathways, glial cells, trophic failure, and vascular dysfunction related to AD.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)