Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Gazquez-Gutierrez, Jeroen Witteveldt, Sara R. Heras, Sara Macias
Summary: Transposable elements (TEs) make up around half of mammalian genomes and are important drivers of evolution, despite potentially negative effects. Due to structural similarities, cells can mistakenly identify TEs as viruses and activate antiviral immune responses.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Caitlin D. Bohannon, Zachary Ende, Weiping Cao, Wadzanai P. Mboko, Priya Ranjan, Amrita Kumar, Margarita Mishina, Samuel Amoah, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Suresh K. Mittal, Jonathan F. Lovell, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Blaine A. Pfeifer, Bruce A. Davidson, Paul Knight, Suryaprakash Sambhara
Summary: Influenza infections can lead to a higher risk of other respiratory infections and vaccine failures, with investigations into the potential mechanisms behind it.
Article
Immunology
Po-Wei Liao, Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng, Cheng-Wei Chou
Summary: A case of immune thrombocytopenia induced by chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine highlighted the rare side effects that can be caused by this type of vaccine, including immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This case demonstrated the potential for immune thrombocytopenia without thrombosis, emphasizing the importance of vigilance as global vaccine administrations against coronavirus disease increase.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jialun Wang, Yun Zhu, Yu Chen, Ying Huang, Qiyuan Guo, Yue Wang, Aotian Chen, Yue Zhou, Lei Xu, Lei Wang, Xiaoping Zou, Xihan Li
Summary: This study constructs a three-in-one oncolytic adenovirus system using genetically-engineered KillerRed as photosensitizer, catalase as in situ oxygen-supplying mediator, and adenovirus as immunostimulatory bio-reproducible carrier. The system can increase antigen presenting cells, elevate T cell infiltrations, and reduce tumor burden, making it a potential effective immunotherapeutic strategy for cholangiocarcinoma.
Review
Immunology
Arun K. Mankan, Paulina Czajka-Francuz, Maria Prendes, Sriram Ramanan, Marcin Koziej, Laura Vidal, Kamal S. Saini
Summary: As the first responders, neutrophils lead the innate immune response by employing strategies such as phagocytosis, microbicide granules, ROS production, and NETs secretion. More recently, their ability to sense and respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns is being recognized. This review summarizes current information about intracellular DNA recognition by neutrophils and proposes models of signal amplification in immune response. The clinical relevance of DNA sensing by neutrophils in infectious and non-infectious diseases including malignancy is also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian C. Prince, Elizabeth Walsh, Tran Zen B. Torres, Claudia Ruckert
Summary: Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a major threat to human and animal health worldwide, transmitted through mosquito, tick, sandfly, or biting midge bites. In humans, arbovirus infections can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe diseases and death. Control efforts primarily focus on mosquito population and virus transmission control. Research in the field of vector immunology may provide new strategies to control arbovirus transmission.
Review
Immunology
Andrea Francesca Salvador, Kalil Alves de Lima, Jonathan Kipnis
Summary: Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system play a crucial role in shaping host behavior and nervous system function. These interactions may have evolved to maximize an organism's ability to respond to environmental threats. The immune system relays information to the nervous system through cytokine signaling, and the brain may be hardwired to process information from the immune system in a specific way.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayleen Fernandez-Fierro, Samanta C. Funes, Mariana Rios, Camila Covian, Jorge Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: The heme oxygenase (HO) system involves three isoforms, with HO-1 being the most studied and overexpression of this enzyme promoting anti-inflammatory products. However, overexpression of HO leading to neonatal jaundice has prompted the development of inhibitors. Various types of inhibitors have been identified, including competitive and non-competitive ones, with potential medical implications in metabolic diseases and immune-mediated diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Selective inhibition of HO isoforms may contribute to the treatment of these ailments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lu Yu, Minghan Sun, Qi Zhang, Qiao Zhou, Yi Wang
Summary: The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapy by utilizing the host's immune system to provide long-lasting remission and cures. Immune checkpoint blockades, particularly targeting CTLA4 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints, have significantly improved overall survival rates in certain patient populations. Additionally, new inhibitory checkpoints beyond the canonical immune checkpoints have been identified. Drugs targeting immune checkpoints expressed by both cancer and immune cells are being comprehensively studied in clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Qing He, Shaohua Lu, Yun Lin, Lihui Xu, Zhen Chen, Quanxi Wang
Summary: In this study, it was found that FAdV-4 evaded innate immune response by degrading PKR protein in host cells, thus enhancing viral replication.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Ian Tizard, Loren Skow
Summary: Odors can influence behaviors in animals, transmit important information such as attracting or repelling disease vectors and predators, recognizing family members and partners, and playing a crucial role in mate selection.
ANIMAL HEALTH RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Virology
Hina Singh, Jeffrey Koury, Marcus Kaul
Summary: Viral infections are a global public health concern and the innate immune system, specifically pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), play a crucial role in sensing viral components. TLR and RLR signaling pathways lead to the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while NLR signaling pathway results in the production of interleukin-1 family proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Tarcio Teodoro Braga, Mariana Rodrigues Davanso, Davi Mendes, Tiago Antonio de Souza, Anderson Fernandes de Brito, Mario Costa Cruz, Meire Ioshie Hiyane, Dhemerson Souza de Lima, Vinicius Nunes, Juliana de Fatima Giarola, Denio Emanuel Pires Souto, Tomasz Prochnicki, Mario Lauterbach, Stellee Marcela Petris Biscaia, Rilton Alves de Freitas, Rui Curi, Alessandra Pontillo, Eicke Latz, Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
Summary: Studies have shown that Naip1 induces IL-1 beta expression and inflammation in human macrophages, processes that can be reversed by Nlrp3 inhibition. Naip1 directly recognizes sUA and may be the sUA receptor lost during human evolution.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lynette M. Phillips, Shoudong Li, Joy Gumin, Marc Daou, Daniel Ledbetter, Jing Yang, Sanjay Singh, Brittany C. Parker Kerrigan, Anwar Hossain, Ying Yuan, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Juan Fueyo, Frederick F. Lang
Summary: This study established a novel intracranial glioma model in Syrian hamsters that is permissive to adenoviral replication and immune response. The results demonstrated significant oncolytic efficacy of Delta-24-RGD in vitro and in vivo, with increased T-cell infiltration and immune activation in infected tumors, leading to improved survival in tumor-bearing hamsters.
Article
Virology
Manon Broutin, Fleur Costa, Sandy Peltier, Jennifer Maye, Nicolas Versille, Bernard Klonjkowski
Summary: There is a need for highly effective vaccines for veterinary infectious diseases. Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) vectors have shown potential in developing multiple vaccines. In this study, a CAV2 vector encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein was tested with and without an oil-based adjuvant. The adjuvant increased rabies antibody titers and did not affect the anti-CAV2 serological responses. The study also identified host antiviral genes modulated after vaccination, revealing the up-regulation of certain signaling pathways.
