Article
Oncology
Amrita K. Cheema, Yaoxiang Li, Joanna Moulton, Michael Girgis, Stephen Y. Wise, Alana Carpenter, Oluseyi O. Fatanmi, Vijay K. Singh
Summary: This study developed a multiomics-based serum probability index of radiation exposure using a nonhuman primate model. By analyzing metabolites, lipids, and proteins, a panel was constructed to accurately assess radiation exposure, which can contribute to the development of molecular diagnostic tools for radiation exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan L. Pannkuk, Evagelia C. Laiakis, Guy Garty, Shivani Bansal, Brian Ponnaiya, Xuefeng Wu, Shanaz A. Ghandhi, Sally A. Amundson, David J. Brenner, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: This study compared the metabolite signatures in urine and serum after exposing mice to different dose rates of radiation. The results showed that individuals exposed to radiation could be distinguished at 1 day post-irradiation, but not at 7 days. The identical metabolite panels were able to identify exposed individuals regardless of dose rate.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara C. Johnston, Keersten M. Ricks, Alexandra Jay, Jo Lynne Raymond, Franco Rossi, Xiankun Zeng, Jennifer Scruggs, David Dyer, Ondraya Frick, Jeffrey W. Koehler, Paul A. Kuehnert, Tamara L. Clements, Charles J. Shoemaker, Susan R. Coyne, Korey L. Delp, Joshua Moore, Kerry Berrier, Heather Esham, Joshua Shamblin, Willie Sifford, Jimmy Fiallos, Leslie Klosterman, Stephen Stevens, Lauren White, Philip Bowling, Terrence Garcia, Christopher Jensen, Jeanean Ghering, David Nyakiti, Stephanie Bellanca, Brian Kearney, Wendy Giles, Nazira Alli, Fabian Paz, Kristen Akers, Denise Danner, James Barth, Joshua A. Johnson, Matthew Durant, Ruth Kim, Jay W. Hooper, Jeffrey M. Smith, Jeffrey R. Kugelman, Brett F. Beitzel, Kathleen M. Gibson, Margaret L. M. Pitt, Timothy D. Minogue, Aysegul Nalca
Summary: Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is found to be a prevalent route of human exposure. In a study comparing African green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques exposed to the virus, respiratory abnormalities and viral shedding were observed in all animals. Fever was noted in cynomolgus macaques, while African green monkeys and rhesus macaques experienced thrombocytopenia. The findings suggest that macaques, in addition to African green monkeys, can serve as successful natural transmission models for evaluating medical countermeasures.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Se-Ran Jun, Marjan Boerma, Zulema Udaondo, Sasha Richardson, Karla D. Thrall, Isabelle R. Miousse, John Seng, Rupak Pathak, Martin Hauer-Jensen
Summary: The study found different discovery times in metabolomics pattern after radiation-induced GI injury between male and female adult Rhesus monkeys, leading to restricted detailed analyses only in males. Radiation resulted in increased fatty acid oxidation and circulating levels of corticosteroids, as well as changes in amino acid metabolism, with the most significant changes observed at days 9 and 10 post-irradiation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Evan L. Pannkuk, Evagelia C. Laiakis, Michael Girgis, Guy Y. Garty, Shad R. Morton, Monica Pujol-Canadell, Shanaz A. Ghandhi, Sally A. Amundson, David J. Brenner, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: A novel irradiation system, VADER, was used to expose mice to variable low-dose rate irradiation, identifying radiation markers through metabolomics analysis. A multiplex panel of urinary metabolites showed robust classification performance for radiation dose, suggesting dysregulated energy metabolism is associated with both low-dose rate and conventional radiation exposure.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Cong Xi, Hua Zhao, Xue Lu, Tian-Jing Cai, Shuang Li, Ke-Hui Liu, Mei Tian, Qing-Jie Liu
Summary: The study utilized high-coverage targeted lipidomics to screen radiosensitive lipids, showing good sensitivity and specificity in triaging different radiation exposure levels by combined lipids. A novel strategy for radiation early triage and dose estimation was established using lipid panels, suggesting the feasibility of using targeted lipidomics for rapid, high-throughput triage in radiation biodosimetry.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stepan Melnyk, Reza Hakkak
Summary: Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide. Animal models provide valuable clues regarding the etiology, development, prevention, and treatment of obesity. This study compared the serum metabolites of lean and obese female Zucker rats, revealing differences in the metabolic profile that contribute to a better understanding of systemic metabolic perturbations in the obese rat model.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Erandika Karunaratne, Dennis W. Hill, Philipp Pracht, Jose A. Gascon, Stefan Grimme, David F. Grant
Summary: This study introduces a high-throughput computational method for predicting IR spectra of candidate compounds obtained from the PubChem database, which successfully identified 47% of test compounds. The results suggest that matching computational with experimental IR spectra can significantly enhance chemical structure discrimination capabilities.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Beate Ritz, Qi Yan, Di He, Jun Wu, Douglas Walker, Karan Uppal, Dean P. Jones, Julia E. Heck
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic effects of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on neonates and found that neonates exposed to air pollution exhibit alterations in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways related to lipid metabolism.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Victoria H. J. Roberts, Aaron D. Streblow, Jessica E. Gaffney, Samantha P. Rettke, Antonio E. Frias, Ov D. Slayden
Summary: The study showed that long-term consumption of a Western-style high-fat diet affects glucose uptake in the placenta of female rhesus macaques, with reduced expression of glucose transporter proteins. However, the significant increase in maternal blood glucose levels may be a factor contributing to this disparity.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Xinyang Wang, Xinshu Zhao, Jinhui Zhao, Tongshu Yang, Fengmin Zhang, Liyan Liu
Summary: The study identified potential key metabolites, such as methionine, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glycolic acid, for distinguishing EOC patients from healthy controls. Metabolic network analysis revealed the significant roles of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, in the pathogenesis of EOC. This suggests that amino acid and organic acid profiles may serve as valuable screening tools for EOC.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tianmu He, Lijuan Xiong, Yixin Zhang, Rong Yan, Ming Yu, Meichen Liu, Liu Liu, Cancan Duan, Xiaofei Li, Jianyong Zhang
Summary: Cantharidin (CTD), a bioactive component in traditional Chinese medicine, has limited clinical application due to its nephrotoxicity. This study used metabolomics, network pharmacology, and cell experiments to investigate the nephrotoxicity mechanism of CTD exposure. The results showed that CTD disrupted metabolic pathways, activated oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress, and induced renal injury in mice.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emil Tomasz Grochowski, Karolina Pietrowska, Adrian Godlewski, Wioleta Gosk, Angelika Buczynska, Malgorzata Wojnar, Joanna Konopinska, Adam Kretowski, Michal Ciborowski, Diana Anna Dmuchowska
Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the aqueous humor (AH) and serum concentrations of metabolites in diabetic and nondiabetic senior adults undergoing cataract surgery. The concentrations of certain metabolites were found to be significantly different in AH and serum between diabetic and nondiabetic patients, indicating that the mechanism of diabetes-related dysregulation of local metabolism in the eye may be different from systemic changes in the blood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shu Huan, Shuna Jin, Hongxiu Liu, Wei Xia, Gaodao Liang, Shunqing Xu, Xingjie Fang, Chunhui Li, Qianqian Wang, Xiaojie Sun, Yuanyuan Li
Summary: A study on 63 healthy college students revealed that exposure to PM2.5 has significant effects on serum metabolomics, particularly impacting metabolic signaling related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Males may be more susceptible to these metabolic perturbations induced by higher PM2.5 exposure.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Pengfei Guo, Tristan Furnary, Vasilis Vasiliou, Qi Yan, Kate Nyhan, Dean P. Jones, Caroline H. Johnson, Zeyan Liew
Summary: Non-targeted metabolomics has been widely used to assess metabolite and metabolic pathway alterations associated with PFAS exposure. The findings from 11 human studies suggest that PFAS are associated with changes in tryptophan metabolism, urea cycle, and lipid metabolism. Standardizing research methods and reporting is recommended for further studies.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamendra Kumar, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace, Shubhankar Suman
Summary: This study investigated the effects of proton and high-LET heavy-ion radiation on bone marrow cells and found that exposure to both types of radiation led to increased cell senescence and pro-osteoclastogenic activity. The effects were more pronounced with Fe-56 ions compared to protons. This study has important implications for understanding bone degeneration in deep-space astronauts and patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Article
Biology
Evan L. Pannkuk, Evagelia C. Laiakis, Jerry Angdisen, Meth M. Jayatilake, Pelagie Ake, Lorreta Yun-Tien Lin, Heng-Hong Li, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: Several diagnostic biodosimetry tools are being developed for radiological/nuclear emergency responses. Correlating changes in non-invasive biofluid small-molecule signatures to tissue damage from ionizing radiation exposure shows promise for predictive biodosimetry models. Genotypic variation in the general population may affect model performance in dose reconstruction.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan L. Pannkuk, Evagelia C. Laiakis, Guy Garty, Shivani Bansal, Brian Ponnaiya, Xuefeng Wu, Shanaz A. Ghandhi, Sally A. Amundson, David J. Brenner, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: This study compared the metabolite signatures in urine and serum after exposing mice to different dose rates of radiation. The results showed that individuals exposed to radiation could be distinguished at 1 day post-irradiation, but not at 7 days. The identical metabolite panels were able to identify exposed individuals regardless of dose rate.
Article
Biology
Shubhankar Suman, Santosh Kumar, Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury, Bo-Hyun Moon, Jerry Angdisen, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: This study provides experimental evidence that cancer risk after exposure to GCR could largely depend on doses received from constituent heavy ions.
RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kamendra Kumar, Bo-Hyun Moon, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Shubhankar Suman
Summary: This study examines the status of mammary cancer-associated preneoplasia markers in mice exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and gamma-ray irradiation. The findings suggest that mice exposed to GCR have a higher risk of mammary cancer compared to those exposed to gamma-rays, as indicated by increased ductal outgrowth and cell proliferation in mammary tissues.
LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shubhankar Suman, Albert J. Fornace Jr
Summary: Using a GI cancer mouse model approach, researchers have gained insights into the risks of space-radiation-induced GI cancer and tested potential medical countermeasures (MCMs). This review provides an update on MCM testing, lessons learned, and a perspective on using senescence signaling targeting as a strategy to protect against space radiation-induced GI carcinogenesis.
LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Janice L. Huff, Floriane Poignant, Shirin Rahmanian, Nafisah Khan, Eleanor A. Blakely, Richard A. Britten, Polly Chang, Albert J. Fornace, Megumi Hada, Amy Kronenberg, Ryan B. Norman, Zarana S. Patel, Jerry W. Shay, Michael M. Weil, Lisa C. Simonsen, Tony C. Slaba
Summary: For missions to the moon or Mars, space explorers will face a complex radiation field with various ion species and energies. The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) has developed an innovative galactic cosmic ray simulator (GCRsim) to simulate the space radiation environment and study biological risks. The GCRsim consists of 33 ion beams that simulate the primary and secondary GCR fields encountered in space. A recent virtual workshop assessed the status of the GCRsim, discussing its design and beam selection strategies. This information is important for advancements in space radiobiology.
LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Evan L. Pannkuk, Nicole A. S. -Y. Dorville, Shivani Bansal, Sunil Bansal, Yvonne A. Dzal, Quinn E. Fletcher, Kaleigh J. O. Norquay, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Craig K. R. Willis
Summary: This study investigates the lipidomic changes in bats with white-nose syndrome (WNS) and suggests that oxidative stress occurs in the early stages of WNS before fat depletion, but not inflammatory response. The study compared WNS-susceptible Myotis lucifugus to WNS-resistant Eptesicus fuscus and found altered splenic lipid levels only in M. lucifugus.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Santosh Kumar, Shubhankar Suman, Bo-Hyun Moon, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Kamal Datta
Summary: This study reveals that radiation exposure induces long-term oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells, which is associated with colon carcinogenesis. The NADPH oxidase pathway may play a critical role in propagating this oxidative stress after radiation exposure.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubhankar Suman, Bo-Hyun Moon, Kamal Datta, Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury, Albert J. Fornace
Summary: The study shows that the quality of space radiation affects the incidence of colonic inflammation and associated cancer. Heavy-ion radiation exposure increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer. It is important to recognize the potential hazards of space radiation on gastrointestinal health.
Article
Oncology
Elaina Kwiatkowski, Shubhankar Suman, Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury, Kamal Datta, Albert J. Fornace Jr, Santosh Kumar
Summary: This study assessed the expression of multiple stem cell markers in premalignant tumors after low- and high-LET radiation. The results showed a correlation between increased levels of stemness markers and fi-catenin activation in premalignant tumors, particularly in tumors induced by high-LET radiation. The study highlights the complex relationship between radiation types and stem cell phenotypes, and their potential influence on carcinogenesis processes.
Review
Oncology
Kamendra Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Kamal Datta, Albert J. J. Fornace Jr, Shubhankar Suman
Summary: High-energy heavy ions can cause DNA damage, leading to cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest, cell death, and cellular senescence. Prolonged exposure to high-energy ions in space radiation increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) carcinogenesis. Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) can result in gene mutations and pro-inflammatory, pro-oncogenic signaling, accelerating adenoma-to-carcinoma progression during radiation-induced GI cancer development.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Renxiang Chen, Yun-Tien Lin, Albert J. Fornace, Heng-Hong Li
Summary: The increasing number of compounds and chemicals that require safety assessments pose a serious challenge for regulatory agencies. In vitro screening using toxicogenomic biomarkers has been proposed as a solution, and a highly automated, multiplexed, and high-throughput genotoxicity testing assay has been developed to increase screening efficiency.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2022)