Review
Immunology
Xuan Zhao, Yulin Bao, Bi Meng, Zijian Xu, Sijin Li, Xu Wang, Rui Hou, Wen Ma, Dan Liu, Junnian Zheng, Ming Shi
Summary: Developing biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies is important for avoiding side effects and economic burden. Current assays evaluating PD-L1 expression are imperfect, but recent studies are advancing the methodologies to improve accuracy. This includes standardization of immunohistochemistry tests and the use of novel in vivo probes and liquid biopsy. Considering PD-L1 expression on non-tumor cells and utilizing artificial intelligence can further enhance the predictive accuracy of PD-L1 as a biomarker.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Valentin Vautrot, Hafidha Bentayeb, Sebastien Causse, Carmen Garrido, Jessica Gobbo
Summary: Immunotherapy, particularly through the blockade of immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1, has become increasingly important in cancer treatment by reactivating the immune system to fight cancer cells. However, resistance to these treatments in a certain proportion of patients has led to efforts to combine PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy with targeting other immune checkpoints to improve outcomes. Exosomes, small vesicles secreted by various cells including tumor cells, play a key role in mediating immune resistance and establishing metastatic niches. Research on specific exosomal proteins like PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, CD73/39, LAG-3, and TIGIT aims to enhance understanding of tumor resistance mechanisms and guide therapeutic decisions in immunotherapy.
Review
Oncology
Laure Chardin, Alexandra Leary
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecologic malignancy with a high recurrence rate, despite many patients responding effectively to current treatments. In order to improve outcomes, further research into the immune microenvironment and the development of effective therapies are urgently needed.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Yamin Liang, Lu Li, Yanmei Chen, Jinyan Xiao, Dangheng Wei
Summary: The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is crucial in immune responses and cancer therapy, but may accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis in some patients.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fu-xue Huang, Jun-wan Wu, Xia-qin Cheng, Jiu-hong Wang, Xi-zhi Wen, Jing-jing Li, Qiong Zhang, Hang Jiang, Qiu-yue Ding, Xiao-feng Zhu, Xiao-shi Zhang, Ya Ding, Dan-dan Li
Summary: This study showed that high expression of HHLA2 is associated with better prognosis and improved response to immune checkpoint blockades in melanoma patients. The expression of HHLA2 is also positively correlated with the density of CD8(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Zi Yin, Min Yu, Tingting Ma, Chuanzhao Zhang, Shanzhou Huang, Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh, Amir Abaas Momtazi-Borojeni, Sheng Chen
Summary: Exosomes, specifically those derived from cancer cells, contain immunosuppressive proteins such as PD-L1, which can hinder immune responses and promote tumor progression. Blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment by restoring anti-tumor immunity.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Richard S. P. Huang, Brennan Decker, Karthikeyan Murugesan, Matthew Hiemenz, Douglas A. Mata, Gerald Li, James Creeden, Shakti H. Ramkissoon, Jeffrey S. Ross
Summary: The study found low prevalence of non-amplification short variants (SV) mutations in CD274, with mutation types and rates varying by tumor type. Specific mutation types may affect the expression level of PD-L1 protein and potentially function as resistance biomarkers in ICPI therapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huiyu Yan, Aimin Jiang, Yinong Huang, Jun Zhang, Wenguang Yang, Wei Zhang, Tianya Liu
Summary: Exercise can function as a hypoxia modulator to improve the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby promoting anti-tumor efficacy and facilitating biologically safe sensitization of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yanxin Xu, Chen Chen, Yaxin Guo, Shengyun Hu, Zhenqiang Sun
Summary: This article summarizes the application and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in tumor immunotherapy, as well as its importance in exploring tumor immune regulation mechanisms and clinical practice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jinhua Liu, Zichao Chen, Yaqun Li, Wenjie Zhao, JiBiao Wu, Zhen Zhang
Summary: Programmed death protein 1 (PD1) is an important immune checkpoint on T cells that plays a crucial role in downregulating the immune system and promoting self-tolerance, while its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1), is overexpressed in malignant tumor cells, contributing to immune evasion and treatment failure. Despite the clinical efficacy of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in many tumors, some patients may develop drug resistance, highlighting the need for further research into improving targeted therapies and understanding the associated safety issues.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Qian Li, Jingjing Han, Yonglin Yang, Yu Chen
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide. In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, has brought fundamental changes to the treatment of advanced HCC. However, challenges remain and combination therapy may be a better option to improve the low remission rate.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dan Liu, Jingmei Wang, Weiming You, Fang Ma, Qi Sun, Junjun She, Wangxiao He, Guang Yang
Summary: This study has successfully designed and synthesized an oral nanotherapeutic, (Super)PDL1(exo), which demonstrates small particle size, excellent colloidal stability, transmembrane ability in tumor cells, and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments have shown that it effectively activates T-cell immunity and exerts antitumor effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Richard S. P. Huang, Karthikeyan Murugesan, Meagan Montesion, Dean C. Pavlick, Douglas A. Mata, Matthew C. Hiemenz, Brennan Decker, Garrett Frampton, Lee A. Albacker, Jeffrey S. Ross
Summary: The study analyzed a large cohort of solid tumor cases to investigate CD274 copy-number changes and their correlation with PD-L1 protein expression. The prevalence of CD274 copy-number changes varied across different tumor types and was found to be significantly associated with PD-L1 positivity in certain tumor types, indicating its potential as a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yusha Wang, Lei Zhang, Yun Bai, Li Wang, Xuelei Ma
Summary: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death, and patients with advanced disease require more efficient treatment options. Immunotherapy seems to be a promising strategy, but the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the response to immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Peiyi Xie, Hong Zheng, Haiyang Chen, Kaikai Wei, Ximin Pan, Qinmei Xu, Yongchen Wang, Changguan Tang, Olivier Gevaert, Xiaochun Meng
Summary: The study found that tumor diameter with a < 20% increase from baseline during therapy in gastrointestinal malignancies was associated with therapeutic benefit and longer overall survival. This may serve as a practical imaging marker for evaluating treatment response, clinical outcomes, and treatment decision-making.