Editorial Material
Microbiology
Arwa Abbas, Joseph P. Zackular
Summary: In the complex gastrointestinal tract, competition for resources is intense among microbes. Migration to different microhabitats is a way to avoid conflict. Liou et al. demonstrate in Cell Host & Microbe how commensal and pathogenic bacteria differ in acquiring nitrate.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ye Yuan, Anming Bao, Guli Jiapaer, Liangliang Jiang, Philippe De Maeyer
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of climate variability and past states on vegetation growth during different seasons, and quantified the relative importance of climatic factors and vegetation growth carryover effect. The study found that climate variability had a greater impact during the green-up period, while the influence diminished over the season. On the other hand, the vegetation growth carryover effect showed the opposite pattern. Furthermore, the relative influence of different climatic factors varied between sub-seasons.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianfeng Zeng, Xi Xing, Meera Gupta, Felix C. Keber, Jaime G. Lopez, Ying-Chiang J. Lee, Asael Roichman, Lin Wang, Michael D. Neinast, Mohamed S. Donia, Martin Wuhr, Cholsoon Jang, Joshua D. Rabinowitz
Summary: This study quantitatively examines the inputs and outputs of the mouse gut microbiome using isotope tracing, revealing systematic differences in nutrient use across different bacteria. Diet can shape the microbiome by promoting the growth of bacteria that preferentially use the ingested nutrients.
Article
Microbiology
Megan J. Liou, Brittany M. Miller, Yael Litvak, Henry Nguyen, Dean E. Natwick, Hannah P. Savage, Jordan A. Rixon, Scott P. Mahan, Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Andrew W. L. Rogers, Eric M. Velazquez, Brian P. Butler, Sean R. Collins, Stephen J. McSorley, Rasika M. Harshey, Mariana X. Byndloss, Scott I. Simon, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: This study found that both commensal Escherichia coli and pathogenic Salmonella enterica utilize nitrate for intestinal growth, but they occupy different niches and compete for nitrate as a resource.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Pauline Raoul, Marco Cintoni, Marta Palombaro, Luisa Basso, Emanuele Rinninella, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Cristina Mele
Summary: Diet is a crucial factor in causing and treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Food additives, such as artificial emulsifiers and sweeteners, can disrupt the gut microbiota and lead to chronic inflammation in the intestines, accelerating the onset of IBD. While more research is needed, it is advisable for IBD patients to avoid processed foods containing artificial food additives.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Khaled Itani, Caroline Marcussen, Sergio D. C. Rocha, Purushothaman Kathiresan, Liv Torunn Mydland, Charles McLean Press, Zhuqing Xie, Anne-Helene Tauson, Margareth Overland
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of dietary graded levels of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broilers. The results showed that C. jadinii yeast can supply up to 20% of dietary protein without negatively affecting broiler performance. Additionally, higher levels of C. jadinii inclusion increased the relative abundance of lactobacillus in the intestines.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael A. A. Bellucci, Anke Marx, Bing Wang, Liwen Fang, Yunfei Zhou, Chandler Greenwell, Zhuhong Li, Axel Becker, GuangXu Sun, Jan Gerit Brandenburg, Sivakumar Sekharan
Summary: This work investigates the effect of polymer additives on the crystal habit of metformin HCl through experiments and computational methods. The goal is to develop a combined screening approach for crystal morphology engineering. Crystallization experiments are conducted in methanol and an isopropanol-water mixture using low concentrations of different polymer additives. Computational methods are used to characterize the morphology landscape and quantify the overall effect of solvent and additives on crystal habits. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to explain the effect of additives on specific crystal faces.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olga Kubrak, Takashi Koyama, Nadja Ahrentlov, Line Jensen, Alina Malita, Muhammad T. Naseem, Mette Lassen, Stanislav Nagy, Michael J. Texada, Kenneth Halberg, Kim Rewitz
Summary: This study investigates how the gut regulates metabolism and behavior through gut-derived hormones to maintain energy balance in fruit flies. The researchers found that the gut senses nutrient stress and secretes allatostatin C, which then activates the secretion of glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone to coordinate food intake and energy mobilization. Loss of this regulatory mechanism impairs lipid and sugar mobilization and leads to hypoglycemia.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hannah M. Bailey, Joy M. Campbell, Natalia S. Fanelli, Hans H. Stein
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine if including 6% SDP in a phase 1 diet for weanling pigs would affect the energy and nutrient digestibility of a phase 2 diet without SDP. The results showed that including 6% SDP in the phase 1 diet did not affect the energy or nutrient digestibility of the phase 2 diet.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zi-Wen Ren, Peter M. Kopittke, Fang-Jie Zhao, Peng Wang
Summary: Rice is a vital source of calories and mineral nutrients, but the accumulation of essential and toxic elements in rice grain remains poorly understood. This study analyzed the temporal changes in dry matter, elemental concentrations, and gene expression during grain development. Three distinct patterns of element accumulation were observed, which can be attributed to differences in soil behavior, nutrient redistribution, gene expression, and sink-source relationship.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gouri Chopra, Shivam Kaushik, Pinky Kain
Summary: Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in animals play a critical role in regulating food intake and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The gut, especially in fruit flies, is a useful tissue for studying these mechanisms due to its genetic tools and ability to transmit signals to the brain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinru Zhang, Qian Cao, Hao Chen, Quan Quan, Changchao Li, Junyu Dong, Mengjie Chang, Shuwan Yan, Jian Liu
Summary: This study investigates the seasonal differences in vegetation growth and the contributions of climate variability and vegetation growth carryover effect on vegetation greening in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River basin. The results show that precipitation is a positive driver of vegetation greening, while sunshine duration has a negative effect. The vegetation growth carryover effect dominates vegetation growth during different growing seasons and can sustain into the following year.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Paola Cogliati, Benedetta Barzaghi, Andrea Melotto, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Raoul Manenti
Summary: Trophic conditions play a significant role in the larval development of fire salamanders, with low food availability leading to prolonged metamorphosis and increased body size.
Article
Horticulture
Preekamol Klanrit, Khanittha Lila, Paramaporn Netsawang, Phakamas Siangsanor, Pornthap Thanonkeo, Sudarat Thanonkeo
Summary: The results demonstrated that coconut water can effectively promote the growth and root formation of Asparagus officinalis plantlets, making it a suitable supplemental material for large-scale propagation.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Van B. Lu, Fiona M. Gribble, Frank Reimann
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract has mechanisms to sense nutrient composition and release gut hormones like GLP-1 and GIP, which play a crucial role in regulating nutrient utilization and feeding behavior. Understanding these mechanisms could provide insights into postprandial physiology and offer dietary approaches to manage nutrition and satiety.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Reza Barekatain, Peter Chrystal, Saad Gilani, Clive J. McLaughlan
Summary: Reducing crude protein and supplementing with synthetic amino acids in poultry nutrition is a recent trend to avoid protein and ammonia wastage in production systems. Stress induced by synthetic glucocorticoid DEX impairs intestinal barrier and increases inflammatory response, while arginine supplementation shows positive effects. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of amino acid supplementation on broiler diets.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hiep T. Dao, Nishchal K. Sharma, Emma J. Bradbury, Robert A. Swick
Summary: This study showed that supplementing Arg or Cit to Arg-deficient diets for broilers can improve body weight gain and reduce feed conversion ratio. Adding GAA to the diets had a lowering effect on feed conversion ratio, but did not significantly increase body weight gain.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Musigwa, P. Cozannet, N. Morgan, S. K. Kheravii, R. A. Swick, S. -B. Wu
Summary: This study found that supplementing multi-carbohydrase enzymes can improve net energy and feed conversion ratio in broilers fed diets with low sAX/tAX ratios.
BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sosthene Musigwa, Natalie Morgan, Robert Swick, Pierre Cozannet, Shu-Biao Wu
Summary: This article discusses the importance of feed energy in poultry production and key strategies to enhance energy utilisation, such as the use of exogenous enzymes and accurate prediction of energy requirements. Furthermore, accurate energy evaluation for poultry and the use of NE systems as a more precise energy measurement method are important for optimizing energy exploitation.
WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Reza Barekatain, Tristan Chalvon-Demersay, Clive McLaughlan, William Lambert
Summary: The study found that amino acids can improve feed efficiency and reduce intestinal inflammation in broilers, with potential effects on intestinal permeability. Amino acids have the potential to optimize intestinal barrier function, particularly under stress-related conditions, through different pathways.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Reza Barekatain, Martina Kluenemann
Summary: The effects of different sources of methionine supplementation on performance, gut barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in broilers were investigated. It was found that DL-Met, L-Met, and MHA-FA had similar impacts on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Angove, N. -L. Willson, R. Barekatain, D. Rosenzweig, R. Forder
Summary: In ovo corticosterone (CORT) exposure does not appear to influence early muscle development through yolk steroid hormones in embryonic meat-type chickens. However, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the composition of yolk steroid hormones at different developmental time points. The findings suggest the possibility of increased mesenchymal stem cell commitment to the adipogenic lineage during differentiation and warrant further investigation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hiep Thi Dao, Amy F. Moss, Emma J. Bradbury, Robert A. Swick
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effects of L-arginine, guanidinoacetic acid, and L-citrulline supplementation to reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens. The results showed that supplementation of these amino acids improved bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Reza Barekatain, Peter Chrystal, Tanya Nowland, Amy F. Moss, Gordon S. Howarth, Thi Thu Hao Van, Robert J. Moore
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing dietary protein and source of protein on gut health and barrier function in broiler chickens. The results showed that feeding broilers with reduced protein diets decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio, and had an impact on intestinal permeability and gut microbiota composition.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hiep Thi Dao, Nishchal K. Sharma, Emma J. Bradbury, Robert A. Swick
Summary: Supplementing broilers with arginine and citrulline may improve performance under warm temperature conditions. Feeding broilers with normal protein diets is necessary to maintain growth performance.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Saad Gilani, Peter Chrystal, Reza Barekatain
Summary: Maintaining and optimizing intestinal barrier function in poultry is crucial for bird health and performance, with intestinal permeability mainly controlled by tight junction proteins. Disruption of these proteins can lead to gut leakage, bacterial translocation, inflammation, and compromised health in birds. Research on intestinal permeability in broiler chickens is still limited, but nutrition modulation may offer promising outcomes for improving poultry health and performance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Reza Barekatain, Luis F. Romero, Jose Otavio B. Sorbara, Aaron J. Cowieson
Summary: Adjusting the ratio of amino acids to ME has an impact on body weight gain and feed conversion rate in broiler chickens, indicating the potential of balanced nutrient density in optimizing growth performance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hiep Thi Dao, Nishchal K. Sharma, Emma J. Bradbury, Robert A. Swick
Summary: The study examined the effects of reduced protein diet, arginine deficiency, and the addition of arginine substitutes on Hy-Line Brown laying hens. It was found that while an arginine deficient diet decreased performance, the addition of guanidinoacetic acid or citrulline allowed birds to perform similarly or better than with added arginine.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sosthene Musigwa, Natalie Morgan, Robert A. Swick, Pierre Cozannet, Sarbast K. Kheravii, Shu-Biao Wu
Summary: The study showed that multi-carbohydrase (MC) improved energy utilization in broilers but also led to increased fat deposition. Gene expression related to energy production influenced bird performance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Holy K. Zanu, Sarbast K. Kheravii, Natalie K. Morgan, Michael R. Bedford, Robert A. Swick
Summary: The study investigated the impact of necrotic enteritis, phytase levels, and meat and bone meal processing on bone mineralization and litter quality in broilers. Necrotic enteritis impaired bone traits, but high phytase and over-processed meat and bone meal increased bone mineral contents. Lower occurrences of hock burns were observed under necrotic enteritis incidences due to reduced litter wetness from lower bird livability.