Article
Plant Sciences
Baby Juby, Janaki Seifudeen Minimol, Basura Suma, Adiyodi Venugopal Santhoshkumar, Joseph Jiji, Pottekkat Sidharthan Panchami
Summary: The study found that drought tolerant hybrids had higher levels of proline, superoxide dismutase enzyme, and glycine betaine. While plants under drought stress generally exhibit low nitrate reductase activity, the drought tolerant hybrids actually had higher NR activity compared to the susceptible hybrids. The control plants kept under fully irrigated conditions showed the highest amount of NR.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Shu-Xi Jing, Mariana Reis, Yvette Alania, James B. McAlpine, Shao-Nong Chen, Ana K. Bedran-Russo, Guido F. Pauli
Summary: A scalable preparative isolation scheme was developed to obtain six underivatized cocoa proanthocyanidins, revealing the importance of linkage site in determining the potency of these PACs as dentin biomodifiers.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Noor Ariefandie Febrianto, Fan Zhu
Summary: Theobroma grandiflorum, T. bicolor, and T. subincanum are underutilized cocoa species that have the potential to improve the flavor and nutritional quality of cocoa products.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natasha de Alwis, Natalie K. Binder, Yeukai T. M. Mangwiro, Sally Beard, Natasha Pritchard, Elif Kadife, Bianca R. Fato, Emerson Keenan, Fiona C. Brownfoot, Tu'uhevaha J. Kaitu'u-Lino, Natalie J. Hannan
Summary: Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, shows potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and may work via the nitric oxide pathway. Further research is needed to fully understand its mechanism of action.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Horticulture
Edy Subroto, Mohamad Djali, Rossi Indiarto, Elazmanawati Lembong, Nur Baiti
Summary: Cocoa beans, which are used to produce chocolate and related products, are greatly influenced by microbial activity during post-harvest handling, especially fermentation, drying, and storage. This review explores the factors affecting each stage, the process mechanisms, and the latest technologies for improving cocoa bean quality. Fermentation plays a crucial role in determining cocoa bean quality as it involves various microorganisms that produce flavor compounds. Drying and storage processes are also important to maintain quality and prevent microbial contaminants. Various technologies, including the use of microbial starters during fermentation and vacuum drying and controlled atmosphere during storage, can enhance cocoa bean quality. However, controlling microbial activity remains a challenge, necessitating continuous development of post-harvest technology.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Cesar R. Balcazar-Zumaeta, Efrain M. Castro-Alayo, Ilse S. Cayo-Colca, Guillermo Idrogo-Vasquez, Lucas D. Munoz-Astecker
Summary: Spontaneous fermentation is influenced by substrates, crop variety, and postharvest practices, leading to changes in metabolites responsible for taste, aroma, and quality. Metabolomics facilitates the detection of key metabolites and patterns under specific conditions, allowing for the study of metabolomic fingerprint changes during fermentation. This review highlights the characterization of spontaneous fermentation and its impact on cocoa quality by modulating fermentation time to improve volatile aromatic compounds formation.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Eudes Villanueva, Patricia Glorio-Paulet, Monica Giusti, Gregory T. Sigurdson, Siyu Yao, Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona
Summary: In this study, a portable FTIR instrument was used to screen cocoa beans for pesticide residues. The FTIR method showed excellent predictability in detecting pesticide residues and predicting pesticide concentrations in cocoa beans. This method provides a viable alternative for field screening of cocoa.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter J. Little, Christopher D. Askew, Suowen Xu, Danielle Kamato
Summary: The endothelium is a single-cell monolayer that lines the entire vasculature, playing roles in barrier function, anticoagulation, vascular aging, endocrine secretion, and inflammation suppression. It produces important factors like nitric oxide and endothelin, with continued research on endothelial dysfunction leading to potential novel cardiovascular therapies.
Article
Virology
Ihsan Ullah, Andrew J. Daymond, Paul Hadley, Michelle J. End, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Jim M. Dunwell
Summary: Cocoa is an important tropical crop, and the exchange of germplasm is crucial for varietal development. Quarantine facilities and screening procedures help minimize the risk of pest and disease transmission. New detection methods for mild virus infections are valuable for early diagnosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rocio Salsoso, Alfonso Mate, Fernando Toledo, Carmen M. Vazquez, Luis Sobrevia
Summary: Late-onset preeclampsia is associated with altered endothelial function in the fetoplacental vasculature, causing an imbalance in the L-arginine/NO signaling pathway and reducing umbilical vein dilation to insulin, which requires A(2B)AR activation in HUVECs.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Farshad La-Rostami, Nils Wax, Michael Druschka, Elena Adams, Chenyang Albert, Markus Fischer
Summary: In this study, we developed a CRISPR-Cpf1 assay to accurately differentiate and prevent cocoa variety fraud. By selecting SNPs in the cocoa plastid genome as detection markers and using two assay systems for qualitative and quantitative analysis, admixtures of cocoa varieties could be reliably detected.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebeca Kababie-Ameo, Griselda Mericia Rabadan-Chavez, Natalia Vazquez-Manjarrez, Gabriela Gutierrez-Salmean
Summary: It has been suggested that cocoa may have beneficial direct or indirect effects on diabetic neuropathy by exerting hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies in animal models have shown that cocoa has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Laryana B. Garcia, Gabriela A. Pires, Denise A. J. Oliveira, Lorena A. O. Silva, Angelica F. Gomes, Juliano G. Amaral, Gislaine R. Pereira, Andre L. M. Ruela
Summary: The study on the application of cocoa bean extract in skincare products demonstrates that cocoa beans are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and methylxanthines. Cocoa bean extract not only contains abundant nutritional components, but also has the potential to be a raw material for developing cosmetics with skincare properties.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Cesar E. Falconi, Viviana Yanez-Mendizabal, Roberto J. Haro, Darwin R. Claudio
Summary: In this study, a native microbial cocktail was introduced to improve the fermentation process of cocoa beans. The results showed that the cocktail improved the quality and flavor of the beans, and also reduced the fermentation time.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jamiu Mosebolatan Jabar, Matthew Ayorinde Adebayo, Mariam Taiwo Oloye, Adewumi Yetunde Adenrele, Adeola Timilehin Oladeji
Summary: This study explored the use of microwave-aided extraction technique as an alternative to conventional extraction techniques in order to address the issues of long extraction time, low color yield, and colorfastness associated with natural dyes. The extraction parameters for cocoa leaf were optimized and the dyeing conditions for achieving desired color strength and colorfastness on wool fabric were varied. The colorimetric properties of the microwave-aided cocoa leaf extract dyed wool fabrics were compared to those of conventionally dyed fabrics. The use of microwave irradiation increased dye yield, reduced extraction time, and improved tint yield. The optimal dyeing conditions were determined, and post-mordanting with chemical-mordants and herbal-anchors further enhanced the color strength and colorfastness of the dyed fabric. The dyed fabrics also exhibited improved antioxidant, antibiotic, and ultraviolet protection properties, making them suitable for healthcare applications. The findings suggest that microwave-assisted cocoa leaf extract has the potential to be a sustainable colorant for producing healthcare wears.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Hassan U. Kalsum, Zuraini A. Shah, Razib M. Othman, Rohayanti Hassan, Shafry M. Rahim, Hishammudin Asmuni, Jumail Taliba, Zalmiyah Zakaria
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2009)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ummu Kalsum, Heri Septya Kusuma, Achmad Roesyadi, Mahfud Mahfud
KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elok Zubaidah, Raida Amelia Ifadah, Umi Kalsum, Diana Lyrawati, Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri, Ignatius Srianta, Philippe J. Blanc
NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Ummu Kalsum, Fadhila
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STATISTICS, MATHEMATICS, TEACHING, AND RESEARCH 2017
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ummu Kalsum, Heri Septya Kusuma, Achmad Roesyadi, Mahfud Mahfud
KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Instruments & Instrumentation
Melania Suweni Muntini, Yono Hadi Pramono, Eko Minarto, Ummu Kalsum, Risse Entikaria Rachmanita
2017 INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON SENSORS, INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENT AND METROLOGY (ISSIMM)
(2017)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Chemical
Ummu Kalsum, Mahfud Mahfud, Achmad Roesyadi
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE) 2017
(2017)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elok Zubaidah, Chairul Anam Afgani, Umi Kalsum, Ignatius Srianta, Philippe J. Blanc
BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Food Science & Technology
E. Zubaidah, T. E. Apriyadi, U. Kalsum, E. Widyastuti, T. Estiasih, I Srianta, P. J. Blanc
INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2018)